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BELLRINGER: • 1.Take out your HW (your notes on pages 10-16 in the Duiker book) and have them on your desk for a HW check. • 2. Get out the Map Activity sheet we picked up last class but did not work on. We will work on this map together to start the class. • 3. Update your ToC: • Page #14: Notes – Mesopotamia • Page #15: Map Activity: Mapping Mesopotamia • 4. Write down your HW: • Read/take notes on pages 16-23 in your DUIKER textbook (stop just before the “Spread of Egyptian Influence” section) AGENDA: • 1. Bellringer (Notes Check) • 2. Map Activity: River Valley Civilizations • 3. Notes: Mesopotamia • 4. Map Activity: Mapping Mesopotamia GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY: • Located in the Fertile Crescent (modern-day Iraq) • Between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers • Climate = generally dry and hot • Flooding = irregular – can’t predict it! • Problematic! Hurts crops, affects worldview • Cities located along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers RELIGION: • Polytheistic (believe in many gods) • Different gods/goddesses = different areas of life • Life/actions centered on how to best please the gods • Feel that what happens is a punishment/gift from gods • EX: Irregular flooding = happens when gods are punishing them • Where do they worship? Ziggurats • Priests have a lot of power in Mesopotamian culture ACHIEVEMENTS: • Writing systems • Developed writing system called cuneiform • Scribes = new occupation in civilizations (to write stuff down!) • Technological innovations • Irrigation (to allow for successful farming) • Machines (wheel, plow, sailboat, etc.) • Intellectual achievements • Wrote of Epic of Gilgamesh, early law code (Hammurabi’s Code) • Mathematic achievements (number system based on 60) POLITICS/GOVERNMENT: • Throughout Mesopotamia, there were different city-states – each city-state had its own king • City-state examples: Ur and Sumer • Government led by kings (often got their power through military victories) • Kings = highest servant of the gods • Each city-state had own armies, laws, etc. • Had a ziggurat at its center, cities were surrounded by walls • Famous city-state/leader: Hammurabi, who led the city of Babylon A CLOSER LOOK: HAMMURABI’S CODE • Written by Hammurabi, one of the most famous Mesopotamian kings • Why did he create Hammurabi’s Code? • Ruled the Babylonian Empire, which he was expanding = more people under his control • More people = more diversity needs a universal law code fair to all people • Hammurabi’s Code’s goal: To provide fair justice to all people • “An eye for an eye” LOOKING AT HAMMURABI’S CODE: THROUGH QUOTES What should be done to the carpenter who builds a house that falls and kills the owner? Code 2: If a builder builds a house for a man and does not make its construction sound, and the house which he has built collapses and causes the death of the owner of the house, the builder shall be put to death. What should be done about a wife who ignores her duties and belittles her husband? Code 143: If the woman has not been careful but has gadded about, neglecting her house and belittling her husband, they shall throw that woman into the water. What happens if a man is unable to pay his debts? Code 117: If a man be in debt and is unable to pay his creditors, he shall sell his wife, son, or daughter, or bind them over to service. For three years they shall work in the houses of their purchaser or master; in the fourth year they shall be given their freedom. What should happen to a boy who slaps his father? Code 195: If a son strikes his father, they shall cut off his hand. What happens if a man accuses someone of murder and it is not proved? Code: The accuser will be put to death. How is the truth determined when one man brings an accusation against another? Code 2: If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser. ECONOMICS: • Agriculture-based economy • Most of money/profit in Mesopotamia came via farming crops • Trade did happen, though • Traded wheat, tools, barley for metals like copper, timber, etc. SOCIAL: • Patriarchal society • Daily life based around farming and religion • Different social classes • Housing differed based on your class AFTER THE NOTES: • 1. Work with a neighbor to complete the Mapping Mesopotamia map activity. Use page 28 in your ANCIENT WORLD TEXTBOOK to complete this activity.