Download CHY4U (9e) Test Chapters 17-19 Review Questions 1. The

CHY4U (9e) Test Chapters 17-19 Review Questions
1. The administration of justice in eastern Europe generally was (page reference __________)
A) in the hands of trained jurists working for the monarch.
B) controlled by local landlords.
C) the basis of the monarch's reforms.
D) relegated to the local clergy.
E) the business of village headmen.
2. In the aftermath of the siege of Vienna in 1683, the Habsburgs (page reference __________)
A) were forced to relinquish Bohemia.
B) reestablished the parliaments of Bohemia and Styria.
C) pursued a peaceful relationship with the Ottoman Empire.
D) conquered most of Hungary and Transylvania.
E) fortified Prague.
3. What was the impact of the Thirty Years' War on Brandenburg-Prussia? (page reference __________)
A) These areas were alternately ravaged by Swedish and Habsburg armies.
B) There was very little impact.
C) Merchants from Brandenburg-Prussia grew wealthy manufacturing and exporting arms.
D) Prussian military victories during the war enabled the Elector of Brandenburg to crush the noble
assembly.
E) Sweden absorbed Brandenburg-Prussia.
4. All of the following contributed to the Great Elector Frederick William's political victory over the Brandenburg
Estates except (page reference __________)
A) a huge raid on Prussia by the Crimean Tatars.
B) the failure of the nobles to make common cause with the towns against the Elector.
C) subsidies of the Great Elector by France.
D) the realization of the need for a strong military following the devastation of the Thirty Years' War.
E) Frederick William's readiness to use force against the towns.
5. In the Ottoman Empire (page reference __________)
A) the hereditary nobility monopolized political and social power.
B) Christians were systematically converted to Islam.
C) there was virtually no such thing as private landed property.
D) there was strict separation of church and state.
E) the sultan had strictly limited powers.
6. The Pragmatic Sanction issued by Charles VI in 1713 (page reference __________)
A) granted religious rights to non-Catholics.
B) undermined papal influence in the Habsburg lands.
C) stated that Habsburg lands were never to be divided.
D) revoked the feudal rights of the Austrian nobility.
E) established an alliance with Russia.
7. All of the following were factors in the Hungarians' fight against Habsburg absolutism except
(page reference __________)
A) the strength of the Protestant faith in Hungary.
B) an alliance with the Turks.
C) the commercial and industrial strength of Hungary.
D) early adherence to a national ideal.
E) the determination of the Hungarian nobility to maintain their independence.
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8. The accomplishments of Frederick William the Great Elector include all of the following except
(page reference __________)
A) curtailing the power of the nobility.
B) establishment of a standing army.
C) introduction of permanent taxation without consent.
D) reduction of the power and independence of towns and cities.
E) the abolition of serfdom.
9. The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire filled the top ranks of his bureaucracy with (page reference __________)
A) close family members.
B) Persians, including many Zoroastrians.
C) slaves, many of them taken from the Christian Balkans as boys and converted to Islam.
D) top-ranking Ottoman generals.
E) Muslim clerics.
10. After the death of ____________ in 1566, Ottoman monarchial absolutism gave way to palace intrigue.
(page reference __________)
A) Suhas the Great
B) Saladin the Wise
C) Shajaran the Unready
D) Suleiman the Magnificent
E) Attaturk II
11. The policies and actions of Frederick William I were based on his belief that the welfare of the king and state
depended on the (page reference __________)
A) army.
B) agrarian (agricultural) economy.
C) bureaucracy.
D) nobility.
E) peasants.
12. The most enduring legacy of Frederick William I was (page reference __________)
A) the establishment of a first-rate bureaucracy.
B) the abolition of the Brandenburg Estates.
C) his decision to transform the peasants into serfs.
D) the acquisition of the royal title.
E) molding the most militaristic country of modern times.
13. Prussia's landowning classes were known as the (page reference __________)
A) Electors.
B) Junkers.
C) Kaisers.
D) Burghers.
E) Tartars.
14. The _________ sacked Kiev in 1242. (page reference __________)
A) Austrians
B) Turks
C) Mongols
D) Byzantines
E) Bohemians
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15. One important factor in the rise of princes of Moscow to domination over other Slavic cities in the area was
(page reference __________)
A) Moscow's greater antiquity.
B) military aid from Byzantium.
C) the fertility of the land around Moscow and the wealth of mineral resources.
D) Moscow's stand against the Patriarch of Constantinople.
E) cooperation with the Mongols.
16. How was the emergence of large Cossack bands in the Ukraine in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
related to political and economic developments to the north in Russia? (page reference __________)
A) Many Cossacks were peasants fleeing enserfment in Russia.
B) Many Cossacks were religious dissenters who left the official Orthodox church following the schism.
C) Cossacks were gentry dispossessed by Ivan the Terrible who sought new lands.
D) Cossacks were Turkic tribesmen who persistently raided the north.
E) Cossacks were an elite military force created by the newly powerful tsars.
17. After the Time of Troubles, the Romanov tsars (page reference __________)
A) increased the obligations of the nobility.
B) relaxed the obligations of the serfs.
C) relaxed the obligations of the nobility.
D) fostered the growth of an urban middle class.
E) liquidated the Cossacks.
18. Following the late seventeenth century schism in the Russian Orthodox church, dissenters from the official
church became known as (page reference __________)
A) boyars.
B) kholops.
C) Old Believers.
D) Cossacks.
E) starozhiltsy.
19. Peter's involvement in the Great Northern War was a consequence of (page reference __________)
A) the aggression of the Swedes.
B) his adherence to an aggressive alliance against Sweden.
C) Russia's losses in the previous war with the Ottoman Empire.
D) his attempt to westernize Russia.
E) closer trade ties with Britain.
20. The reign of Peter the Great was characterized by (page reference __________)
A) noble rebellion.
B) relative peace.
C) incessant warfare.
D) economic and social transformation.
E) a decrease in taxes.
21. Ivan IV carried out a reign of terror against the Muscovite (page reference __________)
A) boyars.
B) peasants.
C) merchants.
D) Muslims.
E) Jews.
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22. During the Time of Troubles (1598–1613) Russia faced all of the following troubles except
(page reference __________)
A) Cossack rebellion.
B) bitter infighting among close relatives of the recently deceased Tsar Theodore.
C) Swedish invasion.
D) religious schism.
E) Polish invasion.
23. The Baroque palaces of central and eastern European princes were modeled on (page reference __________)
A) Notre Dame de Paris.
B) the Louvre.
C) Versailles.
D) the Kremlin.
E) the Winter Palace.
24. The ___________ state was composed of three separate and distinct territories. (page reference __________)
A) Habsburg
B) Russian
C) Prussian
D) Ottoman
E) Polish
25. Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?
(page reference __________)
A) Prussia, Russia, and Austria.
B) The Ottoman Empire, Russia, and Prussia.
C) Italy, Austria, and Russia.
D) Sweden, Prussia, and Russia.
E) Sweden, Saxony, and Austria.
26. Galileo's greatest achievement was his (page reference __________)
A) synthesis of the new scientific discoveries.
B) elaboration and consolidation of the experimental method.
C) invention of the telescope.
D) postulation of a heliocentric universe.
E) discovery of Uranus.
27. All of the following played a role in the erosion of French absolutism except the (page reference __________)
A) political resurgence of the nobility.
B) inattentiveness of Louis XV.
C) the assertion of the Parlement of Paris that the king needed consent of the Parlement to levy taxes.
D) reinstatement of the parlement's right to review royal decrees.
E) theories of Charles Montesquieu.
28. The accomplishments of Frederick II included all of the following except (page reference __________)
A) territorial expansion.
B) judicial and bureaucratic reform.
C) the reconstruction of agriculture and industry.
D) restructuring the Prussian social system.
E) promotion of education.
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29. Before the Scientific Revolution, Europeans' view of the universe was based on the ideas of
(page reference __________)
A) Plato.
B) medieval scholastics.
C) Aristarchus.
D) Isaac Newton.
E) Aristotle.
30. Before 1500, science was primarily a branch of (page reference __________)
A) theology.
B) rhetoric.
C) law.
D) medicine.
E) astronomy.
31. All of the following were important trends of Enlightenment thought except (page reference __________)
A) methods of natural science should be used to examine and understand all aspects of life.
B) everything was to be submitted to rational and critical thinking.
C) the scientific method could be used to study the laws of human society as well as the laws of nature.
D) religion too could be analyzed using Enlightenment theories, and eventually religious truth could be
known.
E) is was possible for humans to create better societies and better people.
32. All of the following astronomers contributed to the destruction of the Aristotelian view of the universe except
(page reference __________)
A) Nicolaus Copernicus.
B) Galileo Galilei.
C) Johannes Kepler.
D) Bernard de Fontenelle.
E) Tycho Brahe.
33. Copernicus's theory of the universe (page reference __________)
A) destroyed the distinction between earthly and heavenly worlds.
B) was endorsed by John Calvin.
C) postulated an sun-centered view of the universe.
D) strengthened the Ptolemaic theory of the universe.
E) used epicycles to explain planetary motion.
34. According to ________'s theory of inertia, rest is not the natural state of objects. (page reference __________)
A) Bacon
B) Copernicus
C) Brahe
D) Newton
E) Galileo
35. The key feature of Newton's system was the law of (page reference __________)
A) planetary motion.
B) universal gravitation.
C) reciprocity.
D) constant acceleration.
E) equivalence of mass and energy.
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36. Empiricism emphasized (page reference __________)
A) the use of deductive reasoning.
B) reliance on the authority of other scientists.
C) the use of scientific instruments.
D) greater reliance on mathematical equations.
E) the actual observation of phenomena.
37. The Enlightenment reached its highest development in France for all the following reasons except
(page reference __________)
A) French was the international language of the educated classes.
B) French scientists and universities were the most preeminent in the Scientific Revolution.
C) the level of censorship and repression was somewhat less than that in most of Europe.
D) French philosophes asked fundamental questions about the meaning of life, God, human nature, good
and evil, and cause and effect.
E) French philosophes sought actively to influence the educated public.
38. All of the following were causes of the Scientific Revolution except (page reference __________)
A) the active support of the papacy.
B) the contributions of medieval universities.
C) the recovery of classical scholarship during the Renaissance.
D) the challenges of navigation during long sea voyages.
E) improvements in scientific instruments.
39. In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government? (page reference __________)
A) He believed in democracy, like most philosophes.
B) He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for.
C) He saw the despot or autocrat as designated by God.
D) He believed in enlightened despotism as long as he could be the despot.
E) He believed in Enlightened Theocracy.
40. Madame du Châtelet (page reference __________)
A) believed women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education.
B) was the first woman admitted into the Royal Academy of Sciences.
C) was the powerful mistress of Louis XV.
D) inspired Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ideas on education and emotion.
E) invented a steam engine.
41. ______________'s Historical and Critical Dictionary displayed his skepticism. (page reference __________)
A) Voltaire
B) Locke
C) Descartes
D) Fontenelle
E) Bayle
42. A striking feature of the salons was that (page reference __________)
A) clerics were banned.
B) philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled.
C) they were often sponsored by the government.
D) members of the working classes often attended.
E) their main purpose was making marriage matches between poor nobles and wealthy
commoners.
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43. _______________'s Persian Letters satirized French society. (page reference __________)
A) Voltaire
B) Bayle
C) Montesquieu
D) Locke
E) Descartes
44. Habsburg Emperor Joseph II abolished serfdom in the Austrian Empire in 1781. What was the outcome of this
reform? (page reference __________)
A) After Joseph II's death in 1790 serfdom was more or less reinstated.
B) Some peasants accumulated wealth rapidly and entered the elite of the Empire.
C) Many serfs from the Russian empire began fleeing to Austria.
D) High-ranking Austrian nobles assassinated Joseph II.
E) Serfdom was abolished in Poland at the time of the Third Partition.
45. The Parlement of Paris was (page reference __________)
A) the national representative assembly of France.
B) a council of high nobles appointed by the king to advise him.
C) a high court.
D) The salon established by Julie de Lespinasse.
E) the city government.
46. The “enlightened” policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except
(page reference __________)
A) freeing the Prussian serfs.
B) abolition of the torture of prisoners.
C) permitting scholars wide latitude to publish what they wished.
D) promoting schools.
E) religious toleration.
47. Catherine the Great of Russia came to power in 1762 through (page reference __________)
A) inheritance of the throne from her mother Elizabeth.
B) an invitation from the Russian Senate to rule.
C) Frederick II of Prussia's invasion of Russia.
D) a military coup.
E) election by the boyars.
48. In 1748, following the War of the Austrian Succession, Louis XV's finance minister created an outcry among
French nobles, clergy, and wealthy town dwellers by (page reference __________)
A) suspending the right of habeus corpus.
B) imposing a 5 percent income tax on all Frenchmen.
C) jailing the members of the Parlement of Paris.
D) establishing new taxes on commerce.
E) repudiating the government's debt.
49. To improve the rural economy and lives of the peasants, Empress Maria Theresa (page reference __________)
A) regulated the church more closely.
B) ordered the adoption of scientific farming techniques.
C) abolished serfdom.
D) reduced nobles' power over their serfs.
E) established a bank to make loans to peasants on easy terms.
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50. Joseph II's conversion of labor obligations to cash payments (page reference __________)
A) had the support of the nobles.
B) transformed a barter economy into a cash one.
C) was opposed by both nobles and peasants.
D) was the basis for the future evolution of Austrian society.
E) followed Russian precedent.
51. The agricultural revolution was first manifested in (page reference __________)
A) England.
B) the Low Countries.
C) Sweden.
D) North America.
E) France.
52. The expansion of Europe in the eighteenth century featured all of the following except
(page reference __________)
A) growing population.
B) increased world trade.
C) disappearance of the bubonic plague.
D) relatively peaceful international relations.
E) the continuation of mercantilist policies begun in the seventeenth century.
53. The most prevalent system of land usage in Europe from the mid-seventeenth century onward was known as the
(page reference __________)
A) estate system.
B) tenant system.
C) fallow-rotational system.
D) crop rotation.
E) two-field system.
54. The English Navigation Acts not only mandated that all English imports and exports be transported on English
ships, they also (page reference __________)
A) restricted English banks from making foreign loans.
B) initiated English involvement in the transatlantic slave trade.
C) gave British merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies.
D) created an alliance with the Dutch against the French.
E) prevented the American colonists from building ships.
55. At the end of the seventeenth century, at least __________ percent of western Europeans were involved in
agriculture. (page reference __________)
A) 80
B) 70
C) 60
D) 50
E) 90
56. “Gleaning” of grain refers to (page reference __________)
A) separation of the wheat from the chaff.
B) selection of seed grain.
C) grinding of the grain into flour.
D) collection of single grains that fall to the ground during the harvest.
E) sowing of the grain.
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57. Cornelius Vermuyden directed large drainage projects in (page reference __________)
A) Germany.
B) Sweden.
C) France.
D) Spain.
E) England.
58. All of the following contributed to increased agricultural production in western Europe in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries except (page reference __________)
A) increased use of animal fertilizers
B) the elimination of the “fallow.”
C) programs to distribute land to the people who farmed it.
D) drainage of marshlands.
E) the introduction of new crops to rotate, such as turnips, potatoes, and clover
59. The leadership of the Dutch people in farming can be attributed primarily to (page reference __________)
A) the exceptional fertility of their lands.
B) the necessity to provide for a large densely populated country.
C) the leadership of the Dutch scientific community.
D) their strong nobility.
E) their Calvinism.
60. Between 1000 and 1800, the most dramatic downturn in European population occurred in the
(page reference __________)
A) fourteenth century.
B) eleventh century.
C) seventeenth century.
D) sixteenth century.
E) twelfth century.
61. The increase in fertilizer supplies during the agricultural revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
was due in part to (page reference __________)
A) the import of guano (bird faeces) from Pacific islands.
B) systematic collection and sale of human waste.
C) increased fruit consumption in European diets.
D) discovery of the effectiveness of rotten fish as fertilizer.
E) increased numbers of livestock, which provided more manure.
62. Jethro Tull's contributions to English agriculture were the product of (page reference __________)
A) good luck.
B) empirical research.
C) deductive reasoning.
D) speculative reasoning.
E) university study.
63. The social group on which the success of the English agricultural revolution depended was the
(page reference __________)
A) landowning aristocracy.
B) landless peasants.
C) tenant farmers.
D) independent peasant farmers.
E) Dutch agronomists (specialists in the study and implementation of effective agricultural
practices).
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64. The major reason for the disappearance of the bubonic plague from western and central Europe after the early
1700s was probably (page reference __________)
A) the discovery of an effective vaccine against the disease.
B) the breakdown in trade between Europe and India, where the plague was endemic.
C) the brown rat's displacement of the black rat from ecological niches in Europe.
D) rat extermination campaigns by urban governments.
E) widespread quarantining of plague victims.
65. By 1800, __________ had the largest population in Europe. (page reference __________)
A) Spain
B) Italy
C) France
D) England
E) Russia
66. All of the following were shortcomings of the putting-out system from the capitalists' point of view except
(page reference __________)
A) inability to enforce quotas.
B) rigid production techniques.
C) poor quality control.
D) disputes with workers over weights of materials delivered.
E) difficulty making workers produce steadily.
67. The term spinster referred to (page reference __________)
A) a widowed or unmarried woman who spun cloth for a living.
B) the puttingout merchant.
C) the wife of a weaver.
D) a female member of a textile guild.
E) a female textile factory operative.
68. Plantations in the Virginia lowlands, by 1730, were worked entirely by (page reference __________)
A) indentured servants.
B) Native Americans.
C) African slaves.
D) tenant farmers.
E) hired white labourers.
69. Typically, the puttingout industry employed (page reference __________)
A) only women.
B) rural families.
C) urban workers.
D) men and older boys.
E) older women in the countryside.
70. __________ led the revitalization of Spain in the eighteenth century. (page reference __________)
A) Philip V
B) Louis X
C) Charles II
D) Ernesto V
E) Juan VI
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71. The English Navigation Acts were a form of economic warfare that initially targeted the
(page reference __________)
A) Dutch.
B) French.
C) Spanish.
D) American colonists.
E) Swedes.
72. The British won the North American component of the Seven Years' War primarily because
(page reference __________)
A) the French military leadership was ineffective.
B) their Prussian ally won the European component.
C) the French did not have an adequate navy.
D) they diverted men, ships and money from Europe to the North American theatre of military
operations.
E) they won the support of Native American tribes.
73. By the 1770s, the biggest increase in British foreign trade was with (page reference __________)
A) France.
B) the British colonial empire.
C) Africa and the Middle East.
D) the European continent.
E) China.
74. In Spanish-American society Creoles were (page reference __________)
A) persons of mixed European and Native American ancestry.
B) persons of mixed Native American and African ancestry.
C) persons of European ancestry born in the Americas.
D) persons of mixed European and African ancestry.
E) non-Catholics.
75. A broad-based campaign to abolish slavery began in Britain after
A) 1775.
B) 1815.
C) 1835.
D) 1862.
E) 1882.
PRINCIPLE
PRINCIPLES OF WAR
EXPLANATION
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