Download S1 Cells Topic – Glossary

S1 Cells Topic – Glossary
Lesson 1: The Microscope – Glossary
Microscope
Equipment used to magnify objects
Eyepiece lens
Part of microscope that you look down,
magnifies objects by the size of the lens
Objective lens
Different sized lenses that magnify an
object by the size of the lens
Stage
Place where slides are placed on the
microscope
Course focusing knob
Used to move the stage up and down in
large steps to help roughly focus the slide
Fine focusing knob
Used to move the stage up and down in
small steps to help finely focus the slide
Magnification
To make an object look bigger than it
actually is
Lesson 2: Animal Cells – Glossary
Nucleus
controls the cells activities
Cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cytoplasm
jelly like substance where chemical reactions take
place
Stain
a solution used to view different cells or structures
within a cell
Methylene blue one example of a stain, used to view an animal cell
Microscope
the instrument used to magnify cells so they can be
viewed
Lesson 3: Plant Cells – Glossary
Nucleus
controls the cells activities
Cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cytoplasm
jelly like substance where chemical reactions take
place
Central Vacuole contains a liquid called cell sap
Cell wall
gives the plant cell shape and support
Chloroplasts
contain a green chemical called chlorophyll which
allows green plants to photosynthesise
Photosynthesis the process in which a plant cell obtains food from
sunlight
Iodine solution one example of a stain, used to view a plant cell
Lesson 4: Specialised Cells – Glossary
Specialised
A specific job that cell is made to do
Structural feature
How the cell looks
Function
What a cell does
Sperm
Male sex cell
Red blood cell
A cell which transports oxygen around the body
Nerve cell
A cell which carry electrical messages from one
part of the body to another
Muscle cell
A cell which can contract and relax to move the
body
Root hair
Part of the plant which absorbs water from the
soil
Palisade mesophyll
Part of the plant which absorbs sunlight for
photosynthesis
Epidermal cell
Outer layer of cells which protect the organism
Lesson 5 & 6: Cells, Tissue, Organs – Glossary
Cell
basic unit of all living things
Specialised cell a cell that has changed to do a specific job
Tissue
a group of cells which work together to carry out the
same job
Organ
a group of tissues which work together
Epithelium Tissue
produce a lining and protective layer of cells to
cover an organ or line a body cavity
Connective tissue
such as bone, cartilage, ligaments and tendons
Muscle tissue
which contract and relax to bring about
movement
Nerve tissue
which transmits nerve impulses to body organs
Fluid tissue
such as white and red blood cells
Root tissue
found in plants to help absorb water
Mesophyll tissue
which contain chloroplasts to absorb sunlight
Lesson 7: Puberty and the Human Reproductive Systems – Glossary
Puberty
The time when male and female reproductive systems
develop
Penis
Part of the male reproductive organ which delivers
sperm into the female vagina
Testes
Site of production of the male sex cell, the sperm
Glands
A tissue which produces semen
Semen
A liquid which carries sperm
Sperm ducts
Tubes which carry sperm to the penis
Erectile tissue Tissue which causes the penis to go hard for sexual
intercourse
Vagina
Part of the female reproductive system into which the
penis is inserted during sexual intercourse
Uterus
Hollow muscular organ where the embryo develops
Oviducts
Tube along which egg passes from ovary to the uterus,
the site of fertilisation
Ovaries
Produces the female sex cell, the egg
Egg
The female sex cell
Cervix
The neck of the womb which connect the uterus (or
womb) to the vagina
Lesson 8 & 9: Fertilisation & Embryonic Development – Glossary
Sexual intercourse
When the male sperm enters the female vagina
via the penis
Erection
When the erectile tissue goes hard allowing the
penis to enter the vagina
Orgasm
The feeling experienced by males and females
during sexual intercourse
Ovulation
When the egg is released from the ovary
Fertilisation
When a male sex cell fuses with a female sex cell
Implantation
When the fertilized egg reaches the uterus and
attaches to the lining of the womb
Trimester
Pregnancy lasts 9 months and can be split into 3
trimesters
Embryo
Formed when the fertilized egg starts to divide
Foetus
Embryo at a later stage of development when the
Species can be determined from its appearance
Placenta
organ which allows useful substances pass from
the mother to the baby and waste substances
from the baby to the mother
Umbilical cord
Tube that connects the embryo to the placenta
Amniotic fluid
Fluid within the amniotic sac which cushions the
embryo
Labour
When the female gives birth
Birth
When the baby is born
Lesson 10: Risk to Developing Embryos – Glossary
Miscarriage
When the developing fetus is aborted
usually due to problems with the
development of the fetus
First trimester
The first 3 months of pregnancy
Genetic abnormalities
A problem with the developing fetus due to
genetic reasons
Lesson 11: Plant Reproduction – Glossary
Sepal
Petal
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Pollen
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovule
Nectary
protects the flower bud
attracts insects with its colour
male part of the flower
produces the male sex cell
holds the anther up in the air
the male sex cell
female part of the flower which catches the pollen
holds the stigma in the air
contains the female sex cells
the female sex cell
produces the sweet nectar to attract insects
Lesson 12: Pollination & Fertilisation
Pollination
When the pollen reaches the stigma
Self-pollination
When the pollen from one flower lands on the
stigma of the same flower
Cross-pollination
When the pollen from one flower lands on the
stigma of a different flower
Seed dispersal
When the seeds are scattered away from the
parent plant
Food-store
The inner part of a seed which provides food for
a germinating seed
Germination
When a seed starts to grow as it has the
required conditions (oxygen, water and a suitable
temperature)