Download Chapter Sixteen Seventeen Walk

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answerCHAPTER 16/17 WALK: STUDY GUIDE NOTES
Directions: Students will read each chapter, section, and topic noting their bold face
headings. As they read they will use the Cornell note format to define and identify the
terms or people and answer question for each topic as they read.
Father Miguel Hildalgo y
CHAPTER 16: EXPANDING WEST
Cositlla – Mexican priest led Section 1: The Spanish West and Southwest
rebellion of poor American
Textbook page 488
Indians and mestizos against
Life in the Northern New Spain
Spanish
Early Texas
Mexico Gains Independence
1. Describe in the order that they took place the
Empresarios - Agents
events that led to the creation of the Republic of
who were contracted by the
Mexico.
Mexican republic to bring
Ans: 1810-11 – Revolt by Indians and Mestizios
settlers to Texas in the
against Spanish rule fails
early l800s.
1815 – Rebel leader Father Morelos captured
1821 – Iturbide defeats Spanish, gaining Mexican
Stephen F. Austin independence
brought 300 hundred
1824 – Mexico becomes a republic
American families to settle
Changes in California and Texas
in Texas and worked to
2. What changes did the new Mexican government
maintain peace between
make in California and Texas?
settlers and Mexican
Ans. Ended California’s mission system and gave
government
land to Californios and encouraged settlement in
Texas.
Section 2: Texas Gains Independence
Page 492
American Settlers in Texas
Trouble in Texas
3. What policies of the Mexican government
caused Texans to revolt?
Ans: Mexican government limited immigration,
Alamo - Spanish mission in
kept out slaves, added more soldiers, and refused
San Antonio, Texas, that
to give Texas more independence.
was the site of a famous
The
Texas Revolution Begins
battle of the Texas
Texas Becomes a Republic
Revolution in 1836; the
7. What was the importance of the Battle of San Jacinto?
Mexican army's victory
resulted in the deaths of all Ans: It led to the defeat of the Mexican army and
Santa Anna’s agreement to grant Texas
the Texans defending the
independence.
building.
Battle of Goliad – (1836) Mexican victory during the
Texas Revolution in which
Mexican leader Antonio
The Lone Star Republic page 497
Texas faces the World
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López de Santa Anna
ordered the execution of
Texas soldiers after their
surrender.
8. Why did Texas not immediately become part of
the U.S.?
Ans: U.S. presidents feared upsetting the balance
between slave and free states, and wanted to
avoid war with Mexico
Sam Houston – Commander American Indians and Tejanos
in Chief of the Texas army
9. What problem did American Indians and Tejanos
who defeated Santa Anna at
face in the new nation of Texas?
the Battle of San Jacinto
Ans: Indians were pushed off of their lands, and
Tejanos were treated unfairly and lost their land,
Battle of San Jacinto –
property, and political power.
(1836) - Final battle of the
New Immigrants
Texas Revolution; resulted Struggles of the Republic
in the defeat of the Mexican Section 4: Oregon and the Far West page 502
army and independence for The Fur Traders
Texas.
10. What economic and environmental conditions
Annex - To take control of
did mountain men have to face?
land and incorporate into a
Ans: Profits were based on personal efforts and
country, state, etc.
the demand for furs, which collapsed. They faced
Republic of Texas harsh outdoor conditions and a decreasing supply
Independent nation of
of beavers.
Texas, which lasted from
Oregon Country
1836 until 1848, when
11. What countries claimed Oregon Country and
Texas was annexed to the
how were their claims resolved?
United States.
Ans: Spain, Russia, Britain, and the U.S. all
claimed Oregon. Through treaties the U.S. ended
Mountain Men - Men hired
up sharing it with Britain
by eastern companies to
The Missionary Spirit
trap animals for fur in the
A New Life Out West
Rocky Mountains and other The Oregon Trail
western regions of the
12. Do you think that life in the West was worth the
United States.
risk for families who went there? Explain your
answer.
Oregon Trail - A 2,000Ans: Risk too high because of sickness, hunger,
mile trail stretching through
and bad weather. Rewards of the trip justified
the Great Plains from
the risk involved in the trip.
western Missouri to the
13. Study map on page 506 and answer the
Oregon Country.
following questions:
What trials led between Fort Laramie and Fort
Donner Party - Group of
Bridger? What pass allowed settlers to cut through
western travelers who were
the Rocky Mountains?
stranded in the Sierra
Ans: The Mormon Trail and Oregon Trail. The
Nevada during the winter of
South Pass
1846-47; only 40 of the
Section 5: California and the Southwest page 508
party's 87 members
Going to California
survived.
14. Why were most Americans interested in
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Sutter's Fort - Northern
California colony founded
by Swiss immigrant John
Sutter in 1839 that became
a popular destination for
American immigrants.
Manifest Destiny - Belief
shared by many Americans
in the mid-1800s that the
United States should
expand across the
continent to the Pacific
Ocean.
John Tyler – A pro-slavery
Whig from Virginia who
wanted to extend the
political power of southern
slave states and wanted to
annex Texas as a slave
state
James K. Polk – former
Tennessee governor,
Democratic candidate for
president in 1844, favored
acquiring both Texas and
Oregon
Zachary Taylor – led U.S.
troops into the disputed
border region in Texas
Bear Flag Revolt – (1846)
- Revolt against Mexico by
American settlers in
California who declared the
territory an independent
republic.
Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo (1848) - Treaty
that ended the Mexican
War and gave the United
California?
Ans: Some wanted to settle there, but most
wanted to trade for Mexican goods
Other Southwestern Trails
CHAPTER 17: MANIFEST DESTINY AND WAR
Section 1: Manifest Destiny and Expansion
page
516
The Roots of Manifest Destiny
15. What were the social, political, and economic
roots of the American belief in Manifest
Destiny?
Ans: Social: Puritan goal of carrying out
Reformation: political: success of democracy
and freedom; economic: pressure for land,
resources, and markets
Gone West
Election of 1844
16. What were the major issues in the election of
1844, and how did the major political parties
view them?
Ans: American expansion into Oregon and the
annexation of Texas; Whigs divided by issues,
Democrats in favor
Acquiring New Territory
17. How did compromise settle the dispute over
Oregon?
Ans: The U.S. signed a treaty with Great Britain
to divide Oregon Country 54 40 or fight to be 49
War Breaks Out
18. What problem arose from the annexation of
Texas, and what happened as a result?
Ans: Dispute about the border between the U.S.
and Mexico; resulted in an armed clash that
provoked war between the two
Nueces and Rio Grande
Section 2: The Mexican War page 522
Responses to War
19. What reasons did Americans such as Henry
David Thoreau give for opposing the4 Mexican
War?
Ans: Opposed expansion, feared the growth of
slavery, opposed war or thought it unnecessary
American Victories
20. How did the U.S. gain control of California
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States much of Mexico's
northern territory.
Mexican Cession (1848) Land that Mexico gave to the
United States after the
Mexican War through the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo;
included in what is now
California, Nevada, and Utah;
most of Arizona and New
Mexico; and parts of
Colorado, Texas, and
Wyoming.
during the Mexican War?
Ans: As American settlers declared independence
from Mexico, Kearny’s army joined naval forces
under Stockton to defeat Mexico
The War’s End
More New Territories
21. How did the American Victory in the Mexican
War affect the U.S.?
Ans: Mexican Cession increased the size of the
U.S. by about 25%.
Section 3: More Settlers Head West
page 528
Conflicts over Land
Cultural Encounters
The Mormons
Gadsden Purchase
22. Why did the Mormons move to the West?
(1853) - U.S. purchase of
Ans: Escape religious persecution and to gain
land from Mexico that
religious freedom
included the southern parts
of present-day Arizona and Section 4: The Gold Rush page 533
The Forty-Niners
New Mexico.
23. Why did the forty-niners go to California, and
what effect did they have on the area’s
Joseph Smith – founder of
population?
the Church of Jesus Christ
Ans: Went to find gold causing the population to
of Latter-Day Saints,
grow rapidly
claimed to have found and
Gold Fever
translated a set of golden
24. How successful were most of the forty-niners?
tablets containing religious
Ans: Few became rich; most failed to find gold
revelations that became the
and wound up in debt instead.
Book of Mormon
Mining Camps and Towns
25. What role did free enterprise play in the
Forty-Niners - Goldeconomic life of the mining camps?
seekers who moved to
Ans: Many settlers made their fortunes by
California during the gold
supplying scarce goods at high prices to the
rush.
miners.
Prospect Immigrants to California
To search for gold.
Growth in the West
26. What political effort resulted in California’s
rapid population growth?
Ans: Became eligible for statehood within 2 years
California Gold Rush of the discovery of gold
Migration of thousands of
people to California in 1849
after gold was discovered
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there.