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Terms/Concepts to Know…broken down by Chapter! Chapter 1 (intro and perspectives): Behavior/behaviorism Clinical psychology Cognition Empiricism Evolutionary psychology Functionalism Humanism Introspection Natural selection Psychiatry Psychoanalytic theory Structuralism Chapter 1 con’t (research): Anecdotal evidence Case study Control group Correlation Dependent variable Descriptive statistics Experiment Experimental group Experimenter bias Extraneous variables Hypothesis Independent variable Mean Median Mode Placebo effects Population Sample Standard deviation Theory variables Chapter 2 - Biological: Absolute refractory period Action potential Adoption studies Autonomic nervous system Axon Central nervous system Cerebral cortex Cerebral hemispheres Chromosomes Corpus callosum Dendrites Electroencephalograph Endocrine system Endorphins Forebrain Genes Hindbrain Hormones Hypothalamus Midbrain Myelin sheath Nerves Neurons Neurotransmitters Peripheral nervous system Phenotype Resting potential Somatic nervous system Split-brain surgery Twin studies Chapter 3 – Stress: Approach-approach conflict Approach-avoidance conflict Avoidance-avoidance conflict General adaptation syndrome Stress Type A personality Type B personality Coping mechanisms for stress Chapter 4 – Sensation/Perception: Absolute threshold Afterimage Bottom-up processing Color blindness Complementary colors Cones Dark adaptation Depth perception Frequency theory Terms/Concepts to Know…broken down by Chapter! Light adaptation Opponent process theory Perception Retina Retinal disparity Reversible figure Rods Sensory adaptation Signal-detection theory Top-down processing Chapter 5 – States of Consciousness: Biological rhythms Circadian rhythms Dissociation Hypnosis Insomnia Latent content Manifest content Meditation Narcolepsy Narcotics Night terrors Nightmares Non-REM sleep (NREM) Psychological dependence REM sleep Sleep apnea Slow-wave sleep Stimulants Chapter 6 - Learning: Acquisition Avoidance learning Behavior modification Classical conditioning Conditioned reinforcers Conditioned response Conditioned stimulus Continuous reinforcement Extinction Fixed-interval schedule Fixed-ratio schedule Higher-order conditioning Latent learning Law of effect Negative reinforcement Observational learning Positive reinforcement Primary reinforcers Punishment Reinforcement Secondary reinforcers Shaping Spontaneous recovery Unconditioned response Unconditioned stimulus Variable-interval schedule Variable ratio schedule Chapter 7 - Memory: Attention Chunk Conceptual hierarchy Decay theory Dual0coding theory Elaboration Encoding Hindsight boas Interference theory Levels of processing theory Long term memory Mnemonic devices Overlearning Recall Recognition Rehearsal Relearning Repression Retention Retrieval Retroactive interference Schema Semantic memory system Short term memory Storage Terms/Concepts to Know…broken down by Chapter! Chapter 8 – Thinking, Language and Intelligence: Acculturation Alternative outcomes effect Confirmation bias Field dependence-independence Framing Heuristic Insight Language Mental set Morphemes Overextension Over generalization Phonemes Representativeness heuristic Semantics Physical development Prenatal Puberty Primary sex characteristics Secondary sex characteristics Cognitive Development Assimilation Accommodation Attachment Piaget’s Stages Emotional development Temperament Moral development Kohlberg’s theory Erikson’s stage theory Gender roles in development Maturation Separation anxiety Grief and death Chapter 8 con’t: Achievement tests Aptitude tests Construct validity Content validity Correlational coefficient Criterion-related validity Deviation IQ scores Emotional intelligence Heritability ration Intelligence quotient (IQ) Intelligence tests Mental age Mental retardation Normal distribution Personality tests Psychological test Standardization Test norms Validity Chapters 9 & 10 - Development: Developmental psychology Cross-sectional research Longitudinal research Chapter 11 – Gender and Human Sexuality: Gender schema theory Gender Identity Gender differences Achievement motive Androgens Drive Emotion Estrogen Heterosexuals Homosexuals Motivation Refractory period Set-point theory Settling-point theory Chapter 12 - Motivation: Instinct theory Drive-reduction theory Arousal theory Hierarchy of needs Hunger and Eating Eating Disorders Terms/Concepts to Know…broken down by Chapter! Achievement motivation Three components of Emotion – physiological, cognitive and behavioral James-Lange Theory Cannon-Bard Theory Facial Feedback Hypothesis Schachter’s 2-factor theory Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic motivation Homeostasis Chapter 13 - Personality: Acute stressors Aggression Approach-approach conflict Approach-avoidance conflict Avoidance-avoidance conflict Biopsychosocial model Constructive coping Defense mechanisms Factor analysis Five factor model (The Big 5) Fight or flight response Frustration General adaptation syndrome Influence of Id, Ego and Superego Adler’s Inferiority complex Learned helplessness Psychosomatic diseases Carl Roger’s theory of Self Maslow’s self-actualization Rotter’s Locus of Control Stress Type A personality Type B personality Chapter 14 - Disorders: Agorophobia Anorexia nervosa Antisocial personality disorder Anxiety disorders Availability heuristic Bipolar disorder Bulimia nervosa Catatonic schizophrenia Diagnosis Disorganized schizophrenia Dissociative amnesia Dissociative identity disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Hypochondriasis Insanity Major depressive disorder Manic-depressive disorder Mood disorders (various types) Multiple-personality disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Panic disorder Paranoid schizophrenia Personality disorders Phobic disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder Somatization disorders Undifferentiated schizophrenia Chapter 15 - therapy: Anti-anxiety drugs Anti-depressant drugs Anti-psychotic drugs Aversion therapy Behavior therapies Biomedical therapies Client-centered therapies Clinical psychologists Cognitive-behavioral treatments Cognitive therapy Counseling psychologists Deinstitutionalization Dream analysis Electroconvulsive therapy Free association Group therapy Insight therapies Interpretation Mental hospital Mood stabilizers Placebo effects Psychiatrists Psychoanalysis Spontaneous remission transference Terms/Concepts to Know…broken down by Chapter!
