Download THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
I. SKELETAL SYSTEM p. 584
A. Five major functions
1. Gives _support_______ and protection_____ to the body
2. Protects internal _Major_________ organs such as brain
3. Major muscles attach to bones to help provide _Movement_________.
4. __Blood_ cells are formed in the bone marrow
5. Stores _Minerals_ and phosphorous which makes bones hard
B. Major organs
1. _Periosteum_________-tough tight fitting membrane that covers the bone
2. Compact bone-gives the body _________
3. _Spongy_______ bone-open spaces that make bones lightweight (marrow)
4. _Cartilage_________-smooth thick flexible tissue that covers end of bone
II. MUSCULAR SYSTEM
A. Major Function-Provides __Movement_________
B. Two types muscles- ___Voluntary___are muscles you control
__Involuntary__________are muscles you can not control
Three types of muscles tissue-__Cardiac__________-found in heart
___Smooth_____-found in stomach & blood vessels
_____Skeletal_______-found in muscles attached to bone
III. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (p.634)
A. Function-to break down food into form the cells can use for __Energy____
B. Parts of the digestive system where food enters are: ____Mouth___to
esophagus to ___Stomach__ to ___Small__ intestine to ___Large_ intestine
Parts of digestive system food does not enter: Liver, gall bladder and
_Pancreas__ <release enzymes (can openers) to help food break down>
IV. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (p.606)
A. Funtion-to carry __Nutrients_ to all the body parts, carry __Wastes______
away, fight infections and help wounds ___heal_______
B. Parts of the circulatory system
 __Arteries______ carry blood away from the heart
 __Cappilaries_____ connect the arteries to veins and allow nutrients and oxygen to
diffuse into the cells
 ___Veins_____ carry blood back to the heart
 __Atria______ are the upper chambers of the heart (collecting chambers)
 ___Ventricle___ are the lower chambers of the heart (pumping chambers)
 ___RED_____ blood cells-carry oxygen or carbon dioxide
 ___Platelets_____ clots blood
 ___White_____ blood cells-fight infections (war machines)
V. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
A. Function-_________ the blood and produces ________ blood cells called lymphocytes
B. Parts of the system are the _________ nodes, tonsils, thymus & ______
VI. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
A. Function-takes in __Oxygen_ and gets rid of the waste _Carbon Dioxide__
B. Parts of the system include the pharynx, larynx, _trachea__, bronchi,
lungs, and alveoli
VII. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
A. Function-to get rid of _Waste___ and toxins that could damage the
other systems and to regulate the fluid levels in the body. Example
is kidneys filtering blood and sending to bladder expelled from body
B. Parts of the system are __Kidneys__, skin, lungs, liver, & large intestine
VIII. NERVOUS SYSTEM
A. Function-controlling and coordinating the body
B. Parts of the system:
a. Central nervous system-made up of the brain and ___Spinal____ cord

The brain is made up of the ___Cerebrum___ (where thinking takes place and the
largest part of brain), the _Cerebellum___ (which coordinates your muscles and
balance and located at back lower part of brain), and the brain _Medulla__ (that
connects the brain to the spinal cord. The medulla is part of the stem and controls
involuntary actions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing,
swallowing, and vomiting.)

Spinal cord-carries __impulses_ from body to brain and brain to body
b. Peripheral nervous system-connects the _brain___ and spinal cord to body.
IX. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SKIN)
A. Function- Protects_______, sensory response, makes vitamin D, regulates body
temperature, and rids body of Waste
B. Three layers of tissue
a. __Epidermis________-outer layer containing melanin giving skin color
b. Dermis-layer of cells below epidermis containing vessels, nerves, muscles, oil and
sweat glands
c. Fatty layer-insulates the body
X. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
A. Produces _Hormones_________ that regulate body changes
B. Parts of the system
Thyroid gland-controls rate food is changed into energy
Pituitary gland-controls other glands and body growth
Pineal gland-produces melatonin (harmone for waking and sleeping
Parathyroid gland-controls the amount of calcium in blood
Adrenal gland-produces hormone for when you are excited, angry or frightened
Thymus-helps the body's immune system
Ovaries-produces female characteristics
Pancreas-controls the body's use of glucose
Testes-Produces testosterone which contols male sexual traits