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Greek Test Study Guide Ch. 8 Vocabulary words: Word 1.Sophocles Definition Dramatist who used scenery and several actors in his plays 2. Macedonia Country to the north of Greece 3. Sophists Taught that there was no absolute right and wrong. What is right for some might be wrong for others and vice versa. A traditional story about gods and heroes 4. myth 5. Hellenistic Era 6.Olympus 7. Alexander 8. Pythagoras 9. Stoics 10. Thucydides A time when Greek culture spread throughout the non-Greek world Highest mountain in Greece, where the Olympic Gods are to have lived A powerful Greek leader who became king at 20 and was an army commander at 16 Taught that the universe followed the same rules and patterns as music and numbers Taught that happiness comes from reason and doing one’s duty Considered to be one of the greatest historians of the ancient world Religion 11. Know which Olympians were children of Kronos & which were Zeus’ children Kronos: Zeus, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Hestia, Demeter Zeus: Artemis, Apollo, Hermes, Athena, Ares, Aphrodite 12. Describe the beliefs the Greeks had about their gods. They believed their gods were imperfect and took on the same character flaws as humans. 13. Explain what the Greek believed about the afterlife. They believed they went to the gloomy world of Hades. 14. Explain why the Greeks performed rituals. They tried to influence the gods’ decisions. Achievements Know the contributions of the following people 15. Archimedes: Greek scientist who focused on solid geometry. He was an inventory had a famous quote, “ Give me a lever and a place to stand on and I will move the earth.” 16. Socrates Greek philosopher who disagreed with the Sophists and thought that there was a true right and wrong. Created the Socratic method of teaching. 17. Aristotle A student of Plato had his own school called the Lyceum. He wrote over 200 books. Taught the importance of the “golden mean” a person should do nothing in excess. Thought that ordinary citizens should take part in the government. 18. Aesop Was a Greek slave who wrote fables that had strong morals. Was eventually freed from slavery. 19. Euripides A Greek writer who wrote plays that included topics and characters beyond those of the gods and goddesses. His plays focused on real life situations and tried to show the cruelty of war. 20. Plato Greek Philosopher and student of Socrates. He had a school called the Academy and wrote a famous book called The Republic. He thought that philosopher-kings should rule the government. 21. Describe the type of plays the Greeks performed. Greeks performed tragedies, comedies, and plays about real life. 22. Describe how Greek culture influenced American culture. American culture has borrowed ideas from the Greeks in the following areas: drama, literature, mythology, science, mathematics, vocabulary, architecture, fashion, and politics Politics Know the contributions of the following individuals: 23. Alexander the Great Conquered Persian territory. Increased the size of Greece’s territory so that is reached North Africa, parts of Europe, and Central Asia. 24. Phillip II Wanted to defeat the Persians and take over their territory. Forced, bribed, and invited Greek city-states to join him in his fight against the Persians. He was Alexander the Great’s father.