Download Input GNDR provided to the open consultation on SDG indcators37 KB

Input on DRR and resilience to
Online Open Consultation of Civil Society,
Academia and the Private Sector on the Global
Indicator Framework for the Goals and Targets
of the Sustainable Development Goals
Organized by the Inter-agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal
Indicators
11 August 2015 - 7 September 2015
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/199I8_EK1c279SO64a0iOiSqA47yzvY56d5Kz1_PTZt4/vi
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Target 1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce
their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and
environmental shocks and disasters.
[current suggested indicator: Number of deaths, missing people, injured, relocated or evacuated due
to disasters per 100,000 people.]
The suggested indicator is focused purely on human losses which is highly unlikely to provide a real
stimulus for increasing resilience, which is multidimensional and is addressed by strengthening
capacities to absorb, anticipate and adapt to shocks and stresses. Currently, there are no off-the-shelf
indicators for resilience, so a new index needs to be developed.
ODI has developed 1 proposal for how this might work: see
http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9780.pdf. This would be
composed of 3 parts – identifying a) resilience capacities and seeing if they have delivered b) resilient
outcomes despite c) hazards. This would be feasible because the vast majority of the input to this
would come from other targets within the SDGs framework, such as indicators on social protection
(from SDG target 1.3), resilient agriculture (2.4), early warning for health risks (3.d), capacity for
climate change (13.3), policies and plans for CCA (11.b). And so on. Thus this proposed index would
be measurable, verifiable and not require much more from National Statistical Offices.
Target 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and
trans-border infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a
focus on affordable and equitable access for all
[current suggested indicators:
Share of the rural population who live within 2km of an all season road
Passenger and freight volumes]
The current proposed indicators focus only on transport rather than a broader perspective of
infrastructure – earlier drafts of this target explicitly included water, energy, waste, ICT, etc.
Further, the suggested indicators do not capture the sense of infrastructure being ‘resilient’ (ie able
to withstand natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes etc) which is critical for sustained
economic development.
We propose a new indicator: % of critical infrastructure and road network that is quality, hazardproofed and all-season, disaggregated by urban/rural
Critical infrastructure must be carefully defined: it should include transport, water, energy,
sanitation as well as buildings for health and education which are not covered elsewhere in the SDGs
framework.
This proposed indicator has very close alignment with Target (d) of the new global Sendai
Framework for DRR, with additional information to be taken from the Sendai Framework monitor.
Hence this is measurable and verifiable. [997 characters]
Target 11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected
and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product
caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and
people in vulnerable situations
[current suggested indicator: Number of deaths, missing people, injured, relocated or evacuated due
to disasters per 100,000 people.]
This target explicitly requires 3 separate indicators - these 3 are clearly indicated in the target itself,
and cannot be meaningfully combined. It is imperative that both the human losses (mortality and
affected) and economic losses are captured in the indicators for this target; anything else simply is
illogic al and incongruous and does not reflect the target.
The Sendai Framework for DRR already includes the following targets, and hence providing this data
to the SDGs provides no extra obligation on states.
a) Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower the average per 100,000
global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015;
b) Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the
average global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015;
c) Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030.
[979 characters]
Target 11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting
and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation
and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with
the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at
all levels
[current suggested indicator: Percentage of cities implementing risk reduction and resilience policies
that include vulnerable and marginalized groups.]
The suggested indicator
- only applies to cities (undefined), whereas the target refers to cities and human settlements
- says that the implementation should ‘include’ vulnerable and marginalised groups, which is
rather vague. We would want to see these groups ‘involved in their design, implementation
and monitoring’
Hence new proposed indicator: Percentage of cities and human settlements of over 100,000 people
implementing risk reduction and resilience policies that involve vulnerable and marginalized groups
in their design, implementation and monitoring
The source for this would be the Sendai Framework monitor. [619 characters]
Target 13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related hazards and natural
disasters in all countries
[current suggested indicator: Number of deaths, missing people, injured, relocated or evacuated due
to disasters per 100,000 people.]
As for target 1.5, this indicator has a narrow human loss approach, which is not able to measure
resilience and adaptive capacity.
The same indicator methodology should be used for this as proposed by us for target 1.5 (composite
index), but selecting only for natural hazards, not broader shocks.
Target 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning
[current suggested indicator: Number of countries that have formally communicated the
establishment of integrated low-carbon, climate-resilient, disaster risk reduction development
strategies (e.g. a national adaptation plan process, national policies and measures to promote
transition to environmentally-friendly substances and technologies).]
The current proposed indicator is a very poor measure of the target. It only considers the ‘number
of countries’, which is not nearly fine-grained/localised enough to be useful; it only looks at the
countries that have communicated the establishment of strategies – which says nothing about the
implementation or quality of those strategies.
We propose that the same indicator is used here as for 11.b: Percentage of cities and human
settlements of over 100,000 people implementing risk reduction and resilience policies that involve
vulnerable and marginalized groups in their design, implementation and monitoring. [618
characters]