Download Chapter 14 Student Guide (APUSH)

Chapter 14: The Civil War (1861-1865)
Themes (as stated on the textbook's website):
I.
"The establishment of the Confederacy, the failure of the final attempts at compromise, and
the road to Fort Sumter.
The social and economic mobilization of both the Union and Confederacy for war, and what
that mobilization revealed about the nature and character of each side.
The military strategy and campaigns of the Civil War, leading to the Union victory in April of
1865."
II.
III.
The Student Online Learning Center for Alan Brinkley's, American History: A Survey, 12th Ed. (New
York: McGraw-Hill 2007). June 1, 2007 <http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073124923
Main topics:
I.
The Secession Crisis
a.
Withdrawal of the South
i. Why did southern "nationalist" states secede?
ii. When they seceded, such states formed a new nation - the Confederacy
b.
The Failure of Compromise
i. What was the attempt by Sen. John Crittenden to ease sectional tensions?
1.
c.
Why did this attempt fail?
Fort Sumter
i. Significance?
ii. What do you make of Emerson's quote:
1.
"I do not see how a barbarous community and a civilized community can
constitute one state."
d.
The Opposing Sides
i. What material advantages did the North have over the South?
ii. What advantages did the South have over the North?
II.
The Mobilization of the North
a.
Economic Measures
i. What economic programs were instituted in the North to boost the northern
economy?
1.
Republican Economic Policy (during the War):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Homestead Act of 1862
Morrill Land Grant Act
Tariff bills
RR
National Bank Acts 1863-64
ii. What did the North do to finance the war?
b.
Raising Union Armies
i. How many troops did the North have at the beginning of the Civil War?
ii. After the initial surge of volunteers waned, what did Congress do?
1.
c.
What was the reaction to this?
Wartime Politics
i. Lincoln: “It would be foolish to lose the whole [Constitution] by being afraid to
disregard a part”
ii. To fight war dissenters, President Lincoln did the following (and therefore arguably
violated the Constitution):
iii. Which party was the "peace" party?
iv. Who prevailed in the 1864 election?
d.
Politics of Emancipation
i. What were the Confiscation Acts? What did they do?
ii. What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
1.
Was this more of a political maneuver than a moral mandate freeing the
slaves? Why or why not?
iii. What did the 13th Amendment do?
e.
African Americans and the Union Cause
i. How many free African Americans served as soldiers in the Union Army?
f.
1.
What roles / tasks were they given?
2.
What explains their high mortality rate?
War and Economic Development
i. Why was the Civil War Period "hard times" for the workers in the North?
1.
g.
Inflation: What were the statistics?
Women, Nursing, and the War
i. Nursing was a male-dominated profession until the Civil War Period.
ii. What did the Sanitary Commission do to combat the resistance from male doctors
(regarding female nurses)?
iii. What made women nurses indispensable, thereby silencing the objection from male
doctors?
III.
The Mobilization of the South
a.
The Confederate Government
i. What was the Confederate Constitution like?
ii. Who was the President of the Confederacy?
iii. Was the South homogeneous or was it divided with regard to ideology?
1.
b.
How so?
Money and Manpower
i. How did the South attempt to finance the war?
1.
There are at least four different strategies used:
ii. Raising an Army
1.
When enlistment dropped, the southern Congress passed a Conscription
Act
a.
What was the effect of that act?
c.
States' Rights v. Centralization
d.
Economic and Social Effects of the War - what were they?
i. North:
ii. South:
IV.
Strategy and Diplomacy
a.
The Commanders - who were they?
i. North:
ii. South:
b.
The Role of Sea Power
i. The North had an advantage relating to sea power - why?
ii. What was an ironclad?
c.
Europe and the Disunited States
i. What did the South attempt to use to sway Great Britain to support the
Confederacy?
1.
Why did this attempt fail?
ii. Who did France and Great Britain support - or at least show sympathy for - at the
beginning of the war? Why?
1.
Who did they eventually support?
iii. Why was the Union upset with Britain's "neutrality" at the beginning of the war?
iv. What was the Trent Affair and how was it resolved?
d.
The American West and the War
i. All of the West, except _______________ was aligned with the Union
ii. The Native American tribes generally remained neutral
V.
Course of Battle
a.
The Technology of Battle:
i. Significance:
1.
Repeating weapons:
2.
Infantry did not fight in formation:
3.
Railroad:
4.
Telegraph:
b.
The Course of Battle (see below)
c.
Some of the more famous battles / events are listed in BOLD below:
Course of Battle in the Civil War
1861
1. First Battle of Bull Run (1st Battle of Manassas)
2. Battle of Wilson’s Creek
3. Western Virginia (under George B. McClellan)
Western Theater, 1862
4. Fort Henry (Feb.)
5. Fort Donelson (Feb.)
6. New Orleans (Apr.)
7. Battle of Shiloh (Apr.)
8. Battle of Murfreesboro (Stone River) (1862-63)
The Virginia Front, 1862
9. Shenandoah Valley (May - June 1862)
10. Second Battle of Bull Run (2nd Battle of Manassas) (Aug.)
11. Antietam (Sept.)
12. Rappahannock at Fredericksburg (Dec.)
1863 – The Year of Decision
13. Battle of Chancellorsville (May)
14. Vicksburg (July)
15. Port Hudson, Louisiana (July)
16. Gettysburg (July 1-3)
Pickett's Charge
17. Battle of Chickamauga (Sept.)
18. Battle of Chattanooga (Nov.)
1864-65 – The Last Stage
19. Battle of Spotsylvania (May 1864)
20. Siege of Petersburg (1864-65)
21. Capture of Atlanta (Sept. 1864)
22. Battle of Nashville (Dec. 1864)
23. March to the Sea (Sept. - Dec. 1864)
24. Savannah, Georgia (Dec. 1864)
25. Appomattox Courthouse
(April 1865) Ap·po·mat·tox
Terms:
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Confederacy
Fort Sumter
Crittenden Compromise
Republican Economic Policy (during the War)
a. Homestead Act of 1862
b. Morrill Land Grant Act
c. Tariff bills
d. RR
e. National Bank Acts 1863-64
VI.
War bonds
VII.
Draft Riots
VIII.
Suspension of Habeas Corpus
IX.
Confiscation Acts
X.
Emancipation Proclamation
XI.
Confederacy
a. Southern Financing of the War
b. States' Rights
c. Robert E. Lee
XII.
Union Blockade
XIII.
Ironclads
XIV.
Trent Affair
XV.
Significance of the RR
XVI.
Repeating weapons -- revolver and the repeating rifle
XVII. Note: Important battles (in Course of Battle) above
XVIII. March to the Sea
XIX.
Appomattox Courthouse