Download Grade 9 Science – Unit 1 – Biology

Grade 11 University Biology – Unit 1 Diversity
Kingdoms and Domains
Section 1.3 – Pages 24-30
All species share fundamental similarities such as being made of cells and having DNA. Yet, the variety
of internal and external structural forms is so great it is nearly impossible to compare species. As such,
similarities are examined at the higher taxonomic ranks such as Kingdom or Domain.
 Structural Diversity is a type of biological diversity that is exhibited in the variety of structural
forms in living things, from the internal cell structure to body morphology.
As we know, there are six Kingdoms:
 Animalia (Animals)
 Plantae (Plants)
 Fungi
 Protista
 Monera (Bacteria)
 Archaeabacteria
The biodiversity of organisms at the Kingdom rank is distinguished based on cellular organization and
methods of nutrition (i.e., absorb, ingest or produce food)
There are three Domains:
 Eukarya
 Bacteria
 Archaea
In taxonomic classification, there are eight (…possibly nine)
taxonomic ranks. From least to most specific, the ranks are:
 Domain
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
Questions
As noted, Domain is a rank above Kingdom. It is noted that there could be nine taxonomic ranks. If you
were to add another rank, what would you suggest the rank (…and its location in the diagram…) be?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT always the same between members of a single species?
a. Number of chromosome
b. Morphological features
c. Evolutionary origin
d. Anatomical design
Two Major Cell Types
 Prokaryotic – Small,
simple cell types that do
not have a membranebound nucleus
 Eukaryotic – Larger, more
complex cell type that has a
membrane-bound nucleus
These two cell types represent a major division in the structural diversity of life.
Three Domains
 Domain was added to the original taxonomic ranking system because the genetic and cellular
differences between bacteria and archaeabacteria were significant. The organisms in the
Domains of Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic and unicellular.
 The other four Kingdoms make up the third
Domain called Eukarya. Eukarya organisms can
be unicellular and multi-cellular.
Dichotomous Key
 An identification tool consisting of a series of
two-part (Yes / No) choices that lead the user to
a correct identification
 See Table 1.4 on Page 27
 A very simple “Yes/No” Dichotomous Key is
illustrated.

This is a more complicated Dichotomous Key.
In this case, one question may lead to another
question. With each step, more characteristics of the unknown species are revealed.
Task
Make a Candy Dichotomous Key
 You are looking at the Family Candius. There are many candy species. You need to develop
a Dichotomous Key to identify each candy at the species level and highlight the structural
similarities between species
 Obtain a number of candy species
 Give each candy species a taxonomic name (e.g., Chocolatus creamiria for a cream
chocolate piece)
 Make a Candy Dichotomous Key based that identifies each candy to the species level (e.g.,
Candy is hard….Candy is soft).
 Make sure your key notes similarities between the species and asks the user to answer more
than one question to identify each species.
 Give your key and a piece of candy to another group and ask the group to use your key to
identify the candy to its species name. If the group correctly identifies the candy species
USING YOUR KEY, they can eat the candy
 Repeat the last step with another group.
 If the group is unsuccessful, you eat the candy.
Main Characteristics of Kingdoms
 Autotroph – An organism that capture captures energy from sunlight to produce its own energyyielding food
 Heterotroph – An organism that cannot makes its own food and gets its nutrients and energy from
consuming other organisms
Duplicate Table 1.5 – Page 29
Domain
Kingdom
Bacteria
Bacteria
Archaea
Archaea
Eukarya
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Cell Type
Number of
cells
Cell Wall
material
Nutrition
Primary
means of
reproduction
Example
Questions
 Page 30, Questions 1, 5-9
 Complete Inquiry Investigation 1-C Creating a Dichotomous Key on Page 40
Animalia