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Table of Contents
Power Point Slides - Prepared by Richard Hovey BEd, MA
CHAPTER ONE - Promoting Healthy Behaviour
Slide #
Title
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
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1.31
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1.40
Promoting Healthy Behaviour Change
What is Health?
Health and the Math (statistics)
With Improved Sanitation…
Living Longer…Different Health Concerns (!) ?
Absence from Disease to Holistic Health!
All the Dimensions of Health!
The Dimensions of Health: Mind + Body + Spirit
Intellectual Health: I need to Learn and Grow
Express Yourself! for Health and Peace of Mind
Health Dimensions: Environmental Health
Believing in Something: Spiritual Health
Physical Health
Feeling Good About Myself
Health Throughout the Dimensions of Health
Health Promotion
Disease Prevention: Process to Reduce Occurrence and Severity of Disease
Health Promotion Helps Positive Change
Prevention…is the Key to Excellent Health!
Primary Prevention
Secondary
Tertiary
Health Trends in North America
Gender Bias
The Process of Behaviour Change: From the Individual to an Entire Population
Making a Change: Are You Prepared for Behaviour Change?
What do I Want to Change and Why?
Enabling Factors
Reinforcing Factors
On Being Human
Personal Beliefs and Attitudes
Do Beliefs and Attitudes Influence Behaviour?
Health Behaviour Model: Our Perception is Everything!
Your Intention to Change
Significant Others as Change Agents
Social Networks: Family and Friends
Behaviour Change Techniques
Changing Self-Talk
Making Behaviour Change
Analyzing the Behaviour You Want to Change
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1.46
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1.52
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Decision Making: Choices for Change
Goal Setting: Starting Tomorrow I’ll…
Behaviour Health Problems: 60% of All Health Problems
Unfolding Over Time: the Stages of Change
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination
This Stage Paradigm can be a Success Predictor for Intervention
Progress = Change
Progress From Stage to Stage Results
PART I - Finding the Right Balance
CHAPTER TWO - Psychosocial Health: Achieving Mental, Emotional, Social, and
Spiritual Wellness
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
Psychosocial Dimensions of Health
Psychosocial Health
Resiliency: Characteristics of PS Health
Consider Your Personal Psychosocial Health!
Intellectual Health: The Thinking You
Emotional Health
Lazarus – Four Basic Types
Emotional Responses: Health vs. Unhealthy
Emotions & Social Interactions
Social Health
Social Support
Prejudice Cults & Social Health
Spiritual Health
Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health
External Influences: Family Situations
Internal Influences
Self Perception: Believing in Yourself
Personality & Freud
Psychology…
Life Span and Maturity
Developing and Maintaining Self-Esteem
Self-Esteem (continued)
Getting Adequate Amounts of Rest
When Things Go Wrong: Depression
Depression (continued)
Treating Depression
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
Other Disorders: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety Disorders (continued)
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Suicide: Giving up on Life
Suicide (continued)
Warning Signals of Suicide
Suicide (continued)
When do I Need Help?
Seeking Professional Help
CHAPTER THREE – Managing Stress: Toward Prevention and Control
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.30
3.31
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Stress & Stress Management
So What is STRESS anyway?
Stressor
Adjustment
The Nature of Stress
Strain: It’s Not the Years, it’s the Mileage!
Stress and Destress
A Non-Specific Response
The Role of Perception
Stress Response
Freedom from Stress is Death
Stress and Performance
The Joy of Stress
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Stress: Phase #2, Phase #3
Alarm Stage
Stress and Homeostasis - a Balance
The Hypothalamus
The Mind Body Connection: Physiological Responses
Psychoneauroimmunology (PNI)
Adaptation Energy Stores
Must Replenish Adaptation Stores
CNS Pathways and Stress
Psychosocial Sources of Stress
Continued Psychosocial Stressors
Reflex Involuntary
Psychosomatic Disease
Stress Related Disorders and/or Death
Personality Type
Stress Management
Coping Styles Vary
Checklist for Coping with Stress
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3.34
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
Coping Behaviours: the good, the bad, and the ugly
Essential Keys
Stress and Exercise
Endorphins, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine
Relaxation: Opposite of Stress Response
Benefits from Relaxation Training
CHAPTER FOUR – Violence and Abuse; Societal Challenges
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
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4.17
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4.19
4.20
4.21
Violence and Abuse; Societal Challenges
What is Violence?
Underlying Causes of Violence & Abuse
Who Kills?
Suicide: Anger, Rage & Hopelessness Turned Inward
Youth Violence
The Violence of Hate
Preventing Hate and Bias Crimes
Violence Against Women
Domestic Violence & Discrimination: a Global Issue
Repeated Beatings: Why doesn’t she just leave him?
The Cycle of Violence Theory: the Downward Spiral
Cycle of Violence… Continued
Other Stressors Which may Contribute to Abuse and Neglect
Violence Against Children
Sexual Abuse
Street Children
Violence Against Men
Violence Against Seniors
Sexual Victimization
Prevention Assaults
PART II – Creating Healthy and Caring Relationships
CHAPTER FIVE – Healthy Relationships and Sexuality: Making Commitments
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
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5.10
5.11
Healthy Relationships and Sexuality: Making Commitments
Intimate Relationships
Characteristics
Characteristics (continued)
Characteristics (continued)
Emotional Availability
Types of Intimate Relationships
Forming Intimate Relationships
Friendships: finding the Right Ingredients
Significant Others, Partners, Couples
Friendship with Passion
5.12
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LOVE
Marriage
Success in Committed Relationships
Success in Committed Relationships (continued)
Elements of a Good Relationship
Ending a Relationship
Seeking Help: Where to Look
Deciding to Break Up
Defining Your Sexual Identity
XX a Female / XY a Male
Gender Identity and Roles
Gender Identity and Roles (continued)
Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
External Female Genitals
Internal Female Genitals
Onset of Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle
Onset of Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle (continued)
Onset of Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle (continued)
Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology (continued)
Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology (continued)
Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology (continued)
Expressing Your Sexuality
Sexual Orientation
Sexual Expression: What Are Your Options?
Sexual Expression: What Are Your Options? (continued)
Sexual Expression: What Are Your Options? (continued)
Difficulties that Can Hinder Sexual Functioning
Difficulties that Can Hinder Sexual Functioning (continued)
5.41
Difficulties that Can Hinder Sexual Functioning (continued)
CHAPTER SIX – Birth Control, Pregnancy, and Childbirth
6.1
6.2
6.3
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6.6
6.7
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Birth Control, Pregnancy, and Childbirth
Methods of Fertility Control
Contraception: Effectiveness Rate & Types of Contraception
Contraception (continued)
Contraception (continued)
Contraception (continued)
Contraception (continued)
Contraception (continued)
Abortion
Planning a Pregnancy
Pregnancy
The Process
Trimesters
Prenatal Testing & Screening
Childbirth: Choosing Where to Have your Baby
Childbirth (continued)
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
Complications
Complications (continued)
Infertility
Infertility (continued)
Alternative Insemination
PART III – Building Healthy Lifestyles
CHAPTER SEVEN – Nutrition: Eating for Optimal Health
7.1
7.2
7.3
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7.6
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Nutrition: Eating for Optimal Health
Many Dietary Choices
Healthy Eating
Nutrition
Diets of Affluence
Responsible Eating: Changing Old Habits
Nutrition
Nutrition is Important for…
The Digestive Process
The Process
Nutrients are Absorbed into Blood
The Calorie
RDA
Factors Causing Variations in Food Requirements
Energy Balance
Carbohydrates (CHO)
Main Function… CHO’s
Categories of Carbohydrates
Simple Sugar
Two Forms of Simple Sugar: Monosaccharides
Disaccharide
Processed Sugar Consumption in Canada
Disadvantages of High Sugar Intake
Complex CHO (polysaccharides)
Three Types of CHO
CHO
Canadians Should Double their Intake of Fiber…
Eat Less Processed Food to Increase Fiber Intake
Eating Vegetables…
Eating Too Much CHO
Fats: Many Negative Associations
Two Major Types: Triglycerides and Steroids
Triglycerides
Saturated Fats
Unsaturated
Steroids (cholesterol)
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Lipoproteins
HDL (High Density Lipoproteins)
LDL and VLDL
Proteins
Proteins (continued)
Proteins (continued)
Proteins (continued)
Proteins (continued)
Protein
Are You Eating Enough Protein?
Vitamins, Minerals, Water
Grouped According to Solubility
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Minerals
Two Groups of Minerals
Water
H2O and You
H2O
Optimal Nutrition Through Food Choices
A Balanced Diet… How?
Normal Eating vs. a Diet
Nutrition and the Consumer
Labeling: Usually two kinds of Information
Vegetarians
Vegetarians (continued)
Athletes
Athletes (continued)
Stress
Developmental Issues
CHAPTER EIGHT – Managing Your Weight: Finding a Healthy Balance
8.1
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Managing Your Weight: Finding a Healthy Balance
Weight Control and Health
Body Composition
Body Composition Influences
Body Fat Mass
Essential Fat
Storage Fat (subcutaneous fat)
General Rating of Body Fat % by Age and Sex
Health Risks (Underweight vs. Overweight)
Body Fat Distribution
Body Fat Distribution (continued)
Fat-Free Mass (FFM)
Overweight or Overfat?
Waist to Hip Ratio
Skinfolds
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Research Settings and Body Fat Evaluation
Hydrostatic Weighing Techniques
Causes of Obesity
Heredity Continued…
Exercise / Lifestyle
Errant Eating & Thrifty Genes
Metabolic Rates
Fat Cell Theory
Fat Cell Size
Set Point Theory
Psychosocial Factors
Eating Habits
Successful Weight Management
Weight Loss
Changing Attitudes
Changing Attitudes (continued)
Role of Exercise
Dangers of Quick-Fixes
Disordered Eating & Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa (continued)
Anorexia Nervosa (continued)
Treatment
Bulimia Nervosa: Feeling a Lack of Control
Bulimia Nervosa (continued)
Underweight
American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines for Weight Control
Hunger, Appetite, Satiety
Adaptive Thermogenesis
Satiety
Why We Eat
CHAPTER NINE – Personal Fitness: Improving Your Health Through Exercise
9.1
9.2
9.3
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9.5
9.6
9.7
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9.11
9.12
Personal Fitness: Improving Your Health Through Exercise
The Benefits of Physical Activity
Weight Loss in a Bottle
Most Effective In…
Body Composition
Energy Systems
Energy Systems (continued)
Energy Systems (continued)
Energy Systems (continued)
Health Style?
Physical Health
Lifestyle Is…
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What You Do Today Will Have a Profound Effect on Your Future Health…
Benefits of Exercise
Overcoming Inactivity
Reasons to Exercise and other Considerations
Principles of Training
F.I.T.T. Aerobic Training
Physical Fitness: Cardiopulmonary Endurance
Physical Fitness: Finding Your Target Heart Rate for Aerobic Exercise
Exercise Intensity
Exercise Intensity: the Heart
The Heart
Heart Calculations
The Lungs
The Lungs (continued)
F.I.T.T. – Strength and Endurance Training
Bones & Joints
Bones & Joints (continued)
Bones & Joints (continued)
Bones & Joints (continued)
TYPE – Target Muscle Groups
Time
Physical Fitness: Developing Strength Through Weight Training
We Are What We Are!
This May Not be Your Genetic Inheritance
The Principles of Exercise…
Fitness Equipment / Safety
Keep Your Plan Manageable, Flexible, Varied, and Fun
Getting Started
Muscles
Improving Muscular Strength and Endurance
Principles of Strength Development
Resistance Exercise Program
Muscle Action
Isokinetic M.A.
Methods of Providing Resistance
Methods of Providing Resistance (continued)
Be Kind to Your Muscles
Your Active Life Plan
Be Realistic and Honest with Yourself
PART IV – Avoiding or Overcoming Harmful Habits
CHAPTER TEN – Licit and Illicit Drug Use
10.1
10.2
Licit and Illicit Drug Use
Defining Addiction
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
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The Physiology of Addiction
The Addictive Process
Signs of Addiction
Types of Drugs
Routes of Administration of Drugs
Routes of Administration of Drugs (continued)
Drug Use, Abuse, and Interactions
Individual Response to Psychoactive Drugs
Drug Interactions
Drug Interactions (continued)
Prescription Drugs: Types!
Prescription Drugs: Types! (continued)
Over-the-Counter (OCT) Drugs
Over-the-Counter (OCT) Drugs (continued)
Over-the-Counter (OCT) Drugs (continued)
Illicit Drugs
Illicit Drugs (continued)
Illicit Drugs (continued)
Illicit Drugs (continued)
Illicit Drugs (continued)
Illicit Drugs (continued)
Illicit Drugs (continued)
Designer Drugs
Inhalants – sniffed or inhaled
Steroids
Steroids (continued)
Steroids (continued)
Drugs: Are They Worth It?
CHAPTER ELEVEN – Alcohol, Tobacco, and Caffeine:
Unacknowledged Addictions
Alcohol
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
Alcohol, Tobacco, and caffeine: Unacknowledged Addictions – Alcohol
Alcohol a Dangerous Drug?
Alcohol a Dangerous Drug? (continued)
Alcohol and University Students
Alcohol and University Students (continued)
Drinking Alcohol and the Risks!
Physiological and Behavioural Effects of Alcohol
Behavioural Effects
Behaviours
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
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11.20
11.21
11.22
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Blood Alcohol Concentration (continued)
Learned Behavioural Tolerance
Women and Alcohol
Breathalyzer and Other Tests
The Morning After…
… the Night Before
Long Term Effects
Cardiovascular Disease
Hypertension and Stroke
Liver Disease
Cancer
Other Effects
Alcohol and Pregnancy
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Foetal Alcohol Effects (FSE) – Infants Exposed to Prenatal Alcohol
Alcoholism – Alcohol Abuse
Social Impact of Alcohol
Overall – Family Patterns Important
Type 1: Had at Least One Parent Who was an Alcoholic
Type 2
Social and Cultural Factors and Alcoholism
Effects on the Family
Effects on the Family (continued)
Recovery
Family Therapy, Individual Therapy, and Group Therapy
Alcoholic’s Anonymous (AA)
Relapse
Tobacco
11.38
11.39
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Tobacco
TOBACCO: warning
Smoking in Canada
Forms of Tobacco Consumption
Chewing Tobacco
Pipes, Cigars, Cigarettes: Composition of Tobacco Smoke
Composition of Cigarette Smoke
Harmful Constituents of Cigarette Smoke
Carcinogens and Co-carcinogens
Nicotine
Nicotine (continued)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Benzopyrene
During Puffing
Giving up Smoking!
Two Types of Withdrawal
Psychological Withdrawal
Smoking a Learned Behaviour
11.56
Don’t Start Smoking
Caffeine
11.57
11.58
11.59
Caffeine
Caffeine and Your Health
Caffeine and Your Health (continued)
11.60
Side Effects for Some People
PART V – Preventing and Fighting Disease
CHAPTER TWELVE – Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Reducing Your Risk
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
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12.10
12.11
12.12
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Cardiovascular Disease: Non-communicable Diseases
Degenerative Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases: Found in Heart and Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels (continued)
Blood Vessels (continued)
Blood Vessels (continued)
Related Terminology
Related Terminology: CHD Risk Factors
Related Terminology (continued)
Common Forms of Cardiovascular Diseases
Clogging the Pipes!
Heart Attack!
Stroke
Heart Disease
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease
Sex
Women and Cardiovascular Disease
Symptoms
Neglect of Symptoms
Age
Blood Pressure
Hyperlipidemia
Blood Pressures and What they Mean to You!
Obesity
Lifestyle Factors
Diagnostic / Assessment Procedures
Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI or NMR)
How to Fix the Problem?
Aspirin
Thrombolysis
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Or be Preventative…
Cancer: Reducing Your Risks
Cancer: Non-communicable Diseases
Cancer: a large Collection of Illnesses
Cells Out of Control
Genes Out of Control
Characteristics
Inherited vs. Sporadic Cancer
Cancer
Three Groups – A Survival Rating!
Cancer Risk…
Terminology
Terminology (continued)
Terminology (continued)
Cancer Development
What Causes Cancer?
What Causes Cancer? (continued)
Cancer Causing Agents
Factors Associated with Cancer Development
Biological Reasons
Occupational Factors
Psychosocial Factors
Diet
Recommendations for Prevention
Common Classifications of Cancer
Sarcomas
Lymphomas
Leukemia
Common Cancer Sites
Lung Cancer
Fresh Air!
Colon and Rectum
Colon and Rectum (continued)
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer: Treatment
Uterine Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Testicular Cancer
Skin Cancer: Several Types
ABC & D’s of Moles
Oral
Leukemia
Biopsy
Cancer Treatment
Radiotherapy
Immunotherapy
Cancer’s Seven Warning Signals
Prevention is the Key
CHAPTER THIRTEEN – Infectious and Noninfectious Conditions: Risks &
Responsibilities
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
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Infectious and Noninfectious Conditions: Risks and Responsibilities
Infectious and Noninfectious Conditions – Risk Factors
Risk Factors – Your Can’t Control
Risk Factors You Can Control
The Pathogen’s Routes of Invasion
The Pathogen’s Routes of Invasion (continued)
Bacteria
Staphylococcal Infections
Pneumonia
Legionnaire’s Disease
Tuberculosis
Periodontal Diseases
Viruses
Inject Their DNA or RNA into Invaded Cell
Treatment
The Common Cold
Treatment? Prevention Best Medicine!
Influenza (FLU)
Infectious Mononucleosis
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Mumps
Chicken Pox
Measles
Fungi
Protozoa
Parasitic Worms
Your Body’s Defenses: Keeping You Well
The Immune System: Your Body Fights Back
Protection
Fever & Pain
Sexually Transmitted Infections
STI’s
STI’s (continued)
STI’s (continued)
STI’s (continued)
Noninfectious Diseases: Respiratory Disorders
Respiratory Disorders
Neurological Disorders
Neurological Disorders (continued)
Sex-Related Disorders
Digestion – Related Disorders
Digestion – Related Disorders (continued)
13.44
13.45
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Musculoskeletal Diseases (continued)
CHAPTER FOURTEEN – Life’s Transitions: The Aging Process
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10
14.11
14.12
14.13
14.14
14.15
14.16
14.17
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14.20
14.21
14.22
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14.40
Life’s Transitions
Old People are Useless!
Aging: The Process of Growing Old – It Will Happen to You!
Studying Aging
Old People Should Retire So That Younger People Can Work?
Why Study the Effects of Aging?
Aging
Old People Are Slow and Get in My Way!
Old People Aren’t Beautiful!
The Changing Face of the Nation
The Changing Face of the Nation (continued)
I Will Never Get That Old!
Types of Aging
Psychological
Social
Getting Older
Legal
Functional
The Aging Process: a Function of Three Factors
The Aging Process: a Function of Three Factors (continued)
Theories on Aging
Theories on Aging (continued)
Theories on Aging (continued)
Physical Changes
Physical Changes (continued)
Physical Changes (continued)
Physical Changes (continued)
Eyesight
Hearing
Mobility
Mental Changes
Mental Changes (continued)
Mental Changes (continued)
Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease (continued)
Types of Dementia
Theories of Aging
Theories of Aging (continued)
Ageism
14.41
14.42
14.43
14.44
14.45
14.46
14.47
14.48
14.49
14.50
14.51
14.52
14.53
14.54
14.55
14.56
14.57
Death and Dying
Kubler Ross: Stages of Dying (5)
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
Definition of Death
Definition of Death (continued)
Circumstances of Death
Euthanasia
Living Will
Death of a Loved One
Stages and Experiences when Coping with Loss…
Stages and Experiences when Coping with Loss… (continued)
Funerals
Some Important Terms
Helping Someone Face Death
PART VI – Facing Life’s Challenges
CHAPTER FIFTEEN – Environmental Health
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
Environmental Health
Issues
Pollution
Pollution (continued)
Pollution (continued)
Waste
Radiation
CHAPTER SIXTEEN – Consumerism
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
16.10
16.11
16.12
Consumerism: Selecting Health Care Products and Services
Responsible Consumerism
Ads
Reality and Medicine
It’s a Miracle!
I Believe
Don’t Be a Victim
Accepting Responsibility for Your Health Care
When Should You Get Help?
Health
Assessing Health Professionals
Assessing Health Professionals (continued)
16.13
16.14
16.15
16.16
16.17
16.18
16.19
16.20
Assessing Health Professionals (continued)
Chiropractic Treatment
Chiropractic Treatment (continued)
Acupuncture
Acupuncture (continued)
Herbalists and Homeopathy
Herbalists and Homeopathy (continued)
Naturopathy