Download Pathophysiology Exam Review – Spring 2017 What are the eleven

Pathophysiology Exam Review – Spring 2017
1. What are the eleven human systems, what they do, and how do they work together?
2. What are the 5 types of causative agents and their characteristics?
3. How do causative agents cause disease? (4 ways)
4. What is the Germ Theory of Disease? Who came up with it?
5. What are Koch’s Postulates and how are they used?
6. Know the difference between vectors of disease and causative agents.
7. What are the causative agents of: malaria, meningitis, strep throat, pneumonia, tuberculosis,
Salmonella food poisoning, botulism, anthrax, rabies, thrush, staph infection, Ebola, cholera,
influenza, AIDS.
8. In general, what are common symptoms of the following diseases and what organ systems are
commonly impacted by these diseases: malaria, meningitis, strep throat, pneumonia,
tuberculosis, Salmonella food poisoning, botulism, anthrax, rabies, thrush, staph infection,
Ebola, cholera, influenza, AIDS
9. Know definitions and obvious examples of: epidemic, pandemic, endemic, emerging, reemerging, eradicated, virulence, herd immunity, R0. Be able to classify examples like measles,
Ebola, malaria, the Black Death, smallpox, and AIDS.
10. What are the differences between bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infections in terms of
how they a) cause symptoms of disease; b) are transmitted between hosts; and c) are
treated/cured?
11. Know the mechanisms of non-specific defense including: natural microbiota, skin, the
components of inflammation, lysozyme, the complement system.
12. Know the non-specific cells and what they do, including Natural killer cells, macrophages,
neutrophils.
13. Know the humoral (antibody-mediated) pathway – what cells are involved, what chemicals do
they produce, what do they do, and in what order do they do it?
14. Know the cell-mediated pathway – what cells are involved, what chemicals do they produce,
what do they do, and in what order do they do it?
15. Know the secondary antibody response – what is the primary cell involved?
16. What is the most abundant immunoglobulin? What do the different immunoglobulins look like?
17. What is the difference between active and passive immunity? How do each come about?
What’s the difference between artificial and natural immunity?
18. Know what happens in the body after a vaccine.
19. What are the steps of the process of sensitization?
20. What are the steps of an allergic reaction?
21. What is the difference between localized and systemic anaphylaxis?
22. Know about asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy – what are the symptoms and
where are the sensitized mast cells located?
23. What are ways to treat allergies?
24. What is the reason for an ELISA test? What does it test for? Why do things change color? What
would cause a faint color change?
25. What are the theories of aging and why do they result in aging? (Neuroendocrine Theory, Free
Radical Theory, Hayflick Limit Theory, Mitochondrial Decline Theory)
26. Know the effects of aging on the immune system.