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AP U.S. HISTORY Unit 11: The Cold War Era Unit Study Guide Required Reading: Divine Chapters 28-31; American Pageant: 36-40 Your timeline should focus on the time period covered in the unit and include separate lines for economic, political, social/cultural, and international (meaning U.S. interactions with other nations) events. For each event, you should include a brief description and explanations of its significance. 1945 1995 Economic Political Social/Cultural International Discussion Questions/Statements: You do not have to answer and submit these. These questions align with AP themes and are provided to encourage you to reflect and make connections. They can be an excellent review tool, as working with these bigger ideas will assist in your learning the details. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. American Identity: a. Discuss the new importance of the “Third World” in American foreign policy of the 1980s and 1990s. b. Which development caused the greatest change in American society in the immediate postwar years: increased affluence, the migration to the suburbs, the entry of women into the work force, or the “baby boom”? Politics and Citizenship: a. What was legitimate concern and what was hysterical “witch-hunting” in the postwar wave of domestic anticommunism? b. Did Reagan’s and Bush’s hard-line policies contribute to the collapse of Communism, or did Communism fundamentally fall because of its own internal weaknesses? c. What role did each of the following play with regard to the Cold War; Berlin Airlift, containment, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, NATO, Korean War? d. To what extent was the election of Reagan an endorsement of his conservative ideology, and to what extent was it a repudiation of the perceived failures of federal government policies in the stalemated 1970s? War and Diplomacy: a. What were the causes of the Vietnam War? What were the consequences? Why did it divide American society so severely? How did it impact America’s role in the world? b. Was the primary threat from the Soviet Union military or ideological – that is, was the danger that the Soviet army would invade Western Europe or that more and more people in Europe and elsewhere would be attracted to communist ideas? c. How did Nixon’s foreign policy of Détente differ from previous administrations? How did détente help or hurt relations with China and the Soviet Union? Reform: Was the nonviolent civil rights movement of the 1960s a success? Why or why not? Culture: Were the cultural upheavals of the 1960s a result of the political crisis, or were developments like the sexual revolution and the student revolts inevitable results of affluence and the “baby boom”? American Diversity: How did Kennedy and Johnson deal with the civil rights issue? What were their goals and were their goals actualized by the end of the decade? Focus Questions: Answer these questions and keep answers in UNIT STUDY GUIDE TAB in your UNIT BINDER Chapter 28 1. Identify the Potsdam Conference and describe the conflicting political and economic goals of the United States and the USSR for the postwar world, and how these clashing aims launched the Cold War. 2. Discuss the significance of the Korean War in terms of American military effectiveness, its prediction of future United States involvement in Asia, and its impact on American commitment to fighting the Cold War. 3. Outline the provisions of NSC-68 and explain its impact on the development of American foreign policy during the 1950s. 4. Show the relationship between the Cold War and the emergence of internal loyalty programs and the second Red Scare in the United States. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Identify the House Committee on Un-American Activities and discuss its role in the Red Scare. Discuss Eisenhower’s “New Look” and explain Eisenhower’s “doctrine of massive retaliation” in terms of its impact on American foreign relations during the 1950s and on increasing American fear of nuclear war. Assess the U.S. role in the Middle East. Identify the significance of the Soviet launch of the Sputnik and indicate the American response to that event. Discuss the misunderstandings typical of Soviet-American relations during the 1950s, focusing on the U-2 affair of 1960. Chapter 29 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Comment on the increase in marriage and birth rates in postwar America and how the increases impacted national consumerism. Give some examples of challenges to that culture of conformity. Outline the provisions of the Federal Highway Act of 1956 and explain the impact of massive road construction on American society and culture. Discuss the role of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the organization, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Discuss the creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Sit-In movement. Chapter 30 1. Define the meaning of John Kennedy’s New Frontier and describe the tone, achievements, and failures of his administration. 2. Analyze the Kennedy administration’s role in Berlin and containing Communism in southeast Asia. 3. Define the Bay of Pigs affair and describe the events that led to a crisis over missiles in Cuba and how it was settled. Explain why Khrushchev was willing to take a risk in Cuba. 4. Explain the historical significance of the 1963 March on Washington. 5. Outline the major components of Lyndon Johnson’s “war on poverty.” 6. Identify Barry Goldwater and describe his political philosophy during the 1960s. 7. Explain the reasons for the escalation of U.S. involvement in Vietnam and the growing protest against the war. 8. Understand the origins, ideas, personalities and effects of the Black Power Movement, and the effects of inner city riots in the late 1960s. 9. Identify and explain the historical significance of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and explain the political philosophy and approach presented by the SDS in the Port Huron Statement. 10. Explain the events that gave Nixon a victory in 1968. Chapter 31 1. Define the term neoconservatism and identify the major authors and publications that articulated the philosophy. 2. List the major accomplishments of the Nixon administration in foreign affairs outside the realm of the Vietnam War. 3. Discuss the role of Henry Kissinger in the foreign affairs of the Nixon administration. How did his European background define his approach to diplomacy? How did he respond to the American tradition of moral diplomacy? How significant was Kissinger’s role in defining American foreign policy during the 1970s? 4. List the factors that contributed to the economic inflation and “stagflation” of the 1970s. 5. Discuss the ways in which Carter attempted to handle the nation’s economic crisis and energy shortage. 6. State the major goals of feminist leaders and show the similarities between the women’s and civil rights movements. 7. Define the Moral Majority and discuss the fundamental changes that altered the economy. 8. Identify and explain the historical significance of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). 9. The changing relations between the United States and the Soviet Union under Reagan and Gorbachev. Identify Mikhail Gorbachev and explain the meanings of the terms glasnost and perestroika. Key Terms: These must be in your UNIT BINDER which is checked the day before the unit exam. Who, what, when and why each was significant. Remember to use website I provided or you may use another source you find more helpful. Federal Highway Act Montgomery bus boycott McCarthyism U-2 incident Marshall Plan Truman Doctrine containment Casablanca Conference Teheran Conference Dumbarton Oaks Conference Alger Hiss NSC 68 "long hot summers: Youngstown Sheet and Tube v Sawyer Henry Wallace Douglas MacArthur baby boomers Sputnik Jack Kerouac beat generation Little Rock school crisis Eisenhower Doctrine GI Bill of Rights Servicemen's Readjustment Act Jackie Robinson New Frontier Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Employment Act of 1946 Brown v Board of Education Fair Deal United Nations Yalta Conference San Francisco Conference Berlin Airlift George Kennan Korean War NATO Taft-Hartley Act National Defense Education Act Ralph Bunche dynamic conservatism David Riesman Dixiecrats Civil Rights Commission National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Miranda v Arizona Cuban Missile Crisis Huey Newton Stokely Carmichael (Black Power) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Jimmy Carter Vietnamization (Guam/Nixon Doctrine) Washington outsiders George Wallace Martin Luther King Bay of Pigs Roe v Wade Gideon v Wainwright Economic Opportunity Act War on Poverty Great Society Malcolm X Warren Commission Lee Harvey Oswald SALT I Treaty hippies Camp David Accords Mayaguez incident Bakke v Board of Regents affirmative action Gerald Ford Michael Harrington (The Other America) supply-side economics Reaganomics stagflation Civil rights Act 1964 Voting rights Act 1965 Barry Goldwater Lyndon Johnson Rachel Carson (Silent Spring) Ralph Nader (Unsafe at any Speed) Kent State War Powers Act Equal Rights Amendment Betty Friedan (The Feminine Mystique) Southern Christian Leadership Conference OPEC Helsinki Accords Peace Corps SNCC Tet Offensive