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Civil War
Fall 2015
10/8/15
Intro the unit……………..(NEW TUB OF ICE CREAM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)
 I can explain the causes of the Civil War
 I can identify the short term effects of the Civil War
 I can analyze how and why the war unfolded the way it did
 I can assess the meaning of primary sources from the Civil War time period
 I can prove a position on the long term impact of the Civil War by citing
evidence.
Big picture intro…why give a rip about the Civil War………….
Well, for one thing pre Civil War- “The United States are ________________”
Post Civil War war……….”The United States is________________________”
What’s the meaning of this????
Why was the Civil War fought?
(Why is any war fought?)
All wars, about a combination of political, economic, and social factors…in the case of
the Civil War, social/poitical/economic division became so severe that one part of the
country broke away and it took a war to bring the nation back together.
Social Division- slavery and rural vs. modern ways of life
Political Division- federal power vs. states’ rights
Economic Division- industrial vs. agricultural
But, ultimately, slavery was the cannot be compromised on issue that the Civil War had
to be fought to decide…………..Before America had compromised a lot, North vs.
South…….
Review major compromises:
From about 1790-1840 or so, not much happened on the “slavery front”…basically,
slavery remained part of the South, but not part of the North, West parts of the U.S. As
the country began to expand and when slavery became an ethical issue, that’s when the
South and North could no longer stay together and at peace.
Southern-Northern State did engage in compromises which temporarily kept us out of
Civil War and kept the union together. A review of compromises is below (many of these
covered in Chapter 4, Section 1 reading)

Original Constitution, 3/5’s Compromise. 1787 = Southern States can keep
slavery and have slaves count as 3/5’s of a person for representation, federal
government can regulate interstate and international commerce which means that
Southerners will be buying manufactured goods from northern states.
Much of the country began to change, and grow westward. But the Southern way of life
stayed the same, based on plantation/agricultural economy that needed, or was perceived
to need, slave labor, making compromise harder and harder to achieve.

Missouri Compromise, 1820-1821 = Maine is a free state, Missouri as a slave
state. North of 36-30 line except in Missouri slavery was illegal, south of this line
slavery was legal.

Compromise of 1850 = California in as free state, stricter fugitive slave laws, and
basically incoming territories can vote on whether or not to be free or slave states
*** But eventually, the tensions between South and North were too great, and Southern
states started to feel outnumbered and desired to break away. Why? This happened partly
because slavery became an ethical issue from about 1850-1860, when the war broke out.
(BTW, the fugitive slave law itself caused many northerners to start to view slavery as
wrong and an ethical issue)
1) Define an ethical issue2) Why is it difficult to compromise on ethical issues??
3) What are some ethical issues in society today? Can these be compromised on?
10/12/15Summary, discuss from last week….
Chapter 4, section 1…what is in there that’s significant, different, and relevant, hasn’t
been covered elsewhere in the context of “Why the Civil War was fought”??
SecessionConfederacyPage 165- read, realize that 4 states (“border states”…Missouri, Delaware, Maryland,
and Kentucky) that had slavery within them actually fought with the Union against the
Confederate states!
10/12 and 10/13…Division
Mr. Johnson / U.S. History
Name___________________________
America – The Story of Us - “Division”
Directions: Provide information that explains the importance and/or significance of
each of the following. Hint……all of this information should be viewed from the
context of, “How in the heck did the United States become so divided that the Civil
War had to be fought to bring it back together?” We will stop, pause, and share
interactions….
Interaction
INFO
1.
The Erie Canal:
2.
New York City:
3.
The Cotton Industry :
4.
The Institution of Slavery:
5.
Slave Auctions:
6.
Frederick Douglas :
10/13/15- Interrupted video content by breaking down, ACAPS’ing Douglas’s
“Meaning of 4th of July” speech…
7. Harriet Tubman:
8.
The Fugitive Slave Law - 1850:
9.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin - 1852:
10. Slavery or Freedom?:
A. Kansas –
B. John Brown –
C. Harper’s Ferry -
11. Election Day – November 6, 1860:
12. Southern Secession:
Summary-
10/14/15So let’s review….Why was the nation so divided that a Civil War had to be fought?
(What was the cause of the Civil War?)
Social- Many in the south were used to and believed in the institution of slavery, while
many in the North started to view slavery as simply wrong.
Political- The balance of power between slave and non slave states became unbalanced,
and Southern states no longer wanted to be a part of this.
Economic- South invested in slavery, Northern economy not based on slavery.
And eventually SLAVERY not able to be compromised on, because it became an ethical,
moral issue….
HOW WAS THE CIVIL WAR FOUGHT (AND WAS THE END JUSTIFIED BY
THE MEANS)?
UNION ADVANTAGES- Industrial production, people, technology, communication and
transportation systems
CONFEDERATE ADVANTAGES- Home team, motivated, better military leadership,
used to war/outside living.
Look at page 169…
T and T…….If you were Jefferson Davis (President of the Confederacy) what would
your strategy for victory be?
How about if you were Abe Lincoln?
*Chapter 4, Section 2Fort SumterBull RunStonewall JacksonUlysses S. GrantRobert E. LeeShiloh, 25,000 casualties, showed how bloody this war would be…contrary to what most
thought (conventional wisdom was that the Union would easily and quickly defeat the
Confederate armies)
So, why was the war so “bloody”??? Modern weapons combined with old school tactics!
With a war this “bloody”, what are both sides going to need??????
Yes, both sides will need a lot of troops (people), and that led to conscription
The United States first employed national conscription during the American Civil War.
The vast majority of troops were volunteers; however, of the 2,100,000 Union soldiers,
about 2% were draftees, and another 6% were substitutes paid by draftees.[5][6]
The Confederacy had far fewer inhabitants than the Union, and Confederate President
Jefferson Davis proposed the first conscription act on March 28, 1862; it was passed into
law the next month.[7] Resistance was both widespread and violent, with comparisons
made between conscription and slavery.
Both sides permitted conscripts to hire substitutes to serve in their place. In the Union,
many states and cities offered bounties and bonuses for enlistment. They also arranged to
take credit against their draft quota by claiming freed slaves who enlisted in the Union
Army.
Although both sides resorted to conscription, the system did not work effectively in
either.[8] The Confederate Congress on April 16, 1862, passed an act requiring military
service for three years from all males aged eighteen to thirty-five not legally exempt; it
later extended the obligation. The U.S. Congress followed with the Militia Act of 1862
authorizing a militia draft within a state when it could not meet its quota with
volunteers.[citation needed] This state-administered system failed in practice and in 1863
Congress passed the Enrollment Act, the first genuine national conscription law, setting
up under the Union Army an elaborate machinery for enrolling and drafting men between
twenty and forty-five years of age. Quotas were assigned in each state, the deficiencies in
volunteers required to be met by conscription.
Still, men drafted could provide substitutes, and until mid-1864 could even avoid service
by paying commutation money. Many eligible men pooled their money to cover the cost
of any one of them drafted. Families used the substitute provision to select which
member should go into the army and which would stay home. Of the 168,649 men
procured for the Union Army through the draft, 117,986 were substitutes, leaving only
50,663 who had their personal services conscripted. There was much evasion and overt
resistance to the draft, and the New York City draft riots were in direct response to the
draft and were the first large-scale resistance against the draft in the United States.
John W. Chambers, II, ed. in chief, The Oxford Companion to American Military History (Oxford
University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-507198-0), 180. (and republished on Wikipedia)
Is a draft constitutional???
Is a draft ethically, morally right???
Is this, Sir, consistent with the character of a free Government? Is this civil liberty? Is this
the real character of our Constitution? No Sir, indeed it is not. The Constitution is
libelled, foully libelled. The people of this country have not established for themselves
such a fabric of despotism. They have not purchased at a vast expense of their own
treasure and their own blood a Magna Carta to be slaves. Where is it written in the
Constitution, in what article or section is it contained, that you may take children from
their parents, & parents from their children, & compel them to fight the battles of any
war, in which the folly or the wickedness of Government may engage it? Under what
concealment has this power lain hidden, which now for the first time comes forth, with a
tremendous & baleful aspect, to trample down & destroy the dearest rights of personal
liberty? Who will show me any constitutional injunction, which makes it the duty of the
American people to surrender everything valuable in life, & even life itself, not when the
safety of their country & its liberties may demand the sacrifice, but whenever the
purposes of an ambitious & mischievous Government may require it?
Daniel Webster, 1814, before the House of Representatives, while debating a bill that
would have instituted a draft (conscription).
Do you agree or disagree with Webster?
Why is a draft legal? (hint, probably involves court cases/Supreme Court)
In your opinion, is the legality/legitimacy of a draft dependent on the situation?
Did the circumstances of the Civil War warrant a draft??
“History of US”- 10/15 and 10/16 (other associated activities sprinkle in here, so might
extend to Monday 10/19 and Tuesday 10/20)
INTERACTION
INFO
Why was the Civil War arguably the first modern war??
Examples of modernity = “Minnie ball”, advanced rifles
Understand…Modern weapons/technology coupled with ancient/”old
school” tactics = large death rates!
The South’s Reasons for Fighting : Southern independence, way of
life, and yes slavery
Robert E. Lee:
Best example of one of the South’s advantages early in the War which
made the war a harder fight than people thought it was going to be.
(Better generals!)
Lincoln’s Plan for Winning:
Transportation – Lincoln basically took over railroad lines and
used them to move troops and supplies more effectively than the
Confederacy could.
B. Industry – Union, American industry and manufacturing takes off
with war production, for the first time. Beginning of American
modern economy.
C. Communication – Lincoln utilizes the telegraph to call the shots and
control the war centrally.
A.
Antietam – 1862:
One of the worst battles of the war, but the Union victory here also provided
an opportunity to deliver the Emancipation Proclamation, which now made
the war officially about ending slavery!
Battlefield Wounds / Medicine :
Public Opinion / Mass Media
The Emancipation Proclamation:
The Gettysburg Battle and Gettysburg Address:
Sherman’s March:
The End of The Civil War:
Interaction, if the war is supposed to be about a noble, idealistic cause now (ending
slavery), aren’t Sherman’s “un noble” actions a little disturbing, troublesome??
Were the actions that it took to win the war justified in the context of the causes of the
war?
What’s the ultimate legacy of the Civil War?
SUMMARY-
10/19/15…”during” video, we broke down the Emancipation Proclamation and you were
assigned to complete the FORMING EVIDENCE BASED CLAIMS handout.
10/20/15….”during” video……..broke down the Gettysburg Address, critiqued it by
sharing historian Dr. Thomas Woods’ view on it.
Regarding this…
 What do you think Lincoln was saying?

What does Woods think of the speech?
10/22……Time magazine article……..what’s the real legacy of the Civil War???
Anticipation Guide activity……………
Statements that go “on” anticipation guide….1) Most people in general
misunderstand the true nature of the war.
2) Most historians agree as to real cause of the war.
3) Southerners alone are responsible for forgetting about the real cause of the war.
4) The forgetting was sudden and immediate.
5) Slavery was an important institution in our past OR 6) The confederates were the
“bad guys” and Union soldiers the “good guys”.
10/21Revisit, further emphasize some important events, concepts regarding “How the war
was fought, won by the Union”. Utilizing textbook, previous knowledge, and thinking
skills, please answer the following.
Page 173 How did Lincoln control political dissent?
Page 174- How did the war effect the Northern Economy and Southern Economy?
Page 176-177 Battle of Gettysburg Why was this the decisive battle of the war?
Page 180- “Total war” =
In your opinion, in warfare does the end justify the means??
Confederate surrender, Appomattox Court House 1865, - Who surrendered to
who?
13th Amendment’s passing, significance?
Assassination of Lincoln,- Who, where, when?
Summarize…..Impact, legacy of Civil War in your view?
Social-
Political-
EconomicHypothesize….Why was Lincoln’s assassination, and the timing of it, particularly tragic
for the entire United States?
Long term impact---united us, set up new definition of freedom, paved the way for a
modern nation to grow and prosper…..
Short term impact--- a little disappointing………
10/26/15Table groups..
If you were in charge of Reconstruction, what would you do?
Consider a plan to rebuild and bring the nation back together, and in doing so address:
Social, Political, and Economic needs…..
What really happened…………Reconstruction, 10/27/15
Read, review Chapter 4, Section 4 and do terms and namesExample… Freedman’s Bureau- established to help newly freed slaves and
poor whites right after the war. Provided education and other essentials.
Reconstruction-
Radical Republicans-
Andrew Johnson/impeachment14th and 15th Amendments-
Scalawag-
Carpet Bagger-
Hiram Revels-
Sharecropping
Ku Klux Klan-
How did Reconstruction end???
After Chapter 4, Section 4 your general understanding should be that, particularly for
African Americans in the South, Reconstruction was very disappointing. In fact, right
after the war one could argue that the former slaves in the south experienced very
little change in their day to day lives. (They couldn’t vote, had little economic
opportunity, had very little social mobility, were subjected to violence and
intimidation by groups like the KKK, etc…….)
I WILL ACCEPT ALL OF THE FORMATIVE/PROCESS WORK FOR THE
CIVIL WAR UNIT ON FRIDAY 10/30, OR MONDAY 11/2. I’LL ACCEPT IT
AGAIN ON 11/3 FOR “LATE CREDIT”. THE TEST ON THE CIVIL WAR IS ON
11/4.
IF YOU DON’T TURN IN ALL FORMATIVE/PROCESS WORK BY THE
TEST, THEN YOU CANNOT REDO/RETAKE IT IF YOU DON’T DO
WELL!!!!!!!