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Honors Biology Semester Final
Study Guide
Terms to know:
Obligate aerobe
Obligate anaerobe
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Cocci
Bacilli
Spirillum
Peptidoglycan
Colonial organism
Vascular
Nonvascular
Gymnosperm
Bacteriophage
Binary fission
Cuticle
Taproot
Fibrous root
Complete flower
Incomplete flower
Imperfect flower
Perfect flower
Transpiration
Ligament
Producer
Hemoglobin
Tendon
Concepts to know:
 Summarize the theory of evolution.
 Describe the process of natural selection and its outcome.
 Other terms to know: population, adaptation
 What are Mendel’s laws?
 What is probability?
 Understand dominance and recessive.
 Be able to do monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.
 Understand blood typing and how it is passed on.
 Understand sex-linked traits and how they are transmitted.
 Understand pedigrees and what they tell you.
 What were the first cells on Earth?
 Know characteristics of viruses.
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Know characteristics of bacteria (archaebacteria and eubacteria).
What are the bacterial shapes and what are they called?
What color are gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and what does it tell you about
their cell wall?
What were the first eukaryotic organisms?
What are plants divided and subdivided into? What are examples in each division?
How are viruses treated?
What are the plant-like protists? Animal-like? Fungus-like?
Know characteristics of protists.
What are the ancestors of plants?
What challenges did plants face to live on land and how do they overcome them?
Know characteristics of fungi.
Know the differences between monocots and dicots? What are the roots, stems, floral
parts, and vascular system like? What are examples?
Know characteristics of gymnosperms and examples.
Know characteristics of angiosperms and examples.
Know the structures and functions of the structures in a flower.
What is the function of roots and root hairs?
What is the function of the vascular system and what are the function of its parts?
How do plants move water up the plant?
In what ways do plants attract pollinators?
How are organisms organized?
What are the divisions of the skeleton and what are the divisions composed of?
What are the four main types of tissue?
What are the anatomical positions of an organism?
Know the functions of the organs in the body and where they are located.
Know the passageway of blood in the body.
Know the passageway of air in the body.
Know the passageway of food in the body.
What is the classification for humans?
Know characteristics of animals.
Know how the immune system functions to protect individuals from infection.
What are the divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system and what are the
components of the divisions?
Know the function of the parts of a neuron.
Know the major bones in the body and where they are located.