Download FINAL EXAM REVIEW checklist

Final Exam Checklist
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What should you know??
Evolution
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Know that evolution is defined by “a change over time”
What is descent with modification?
The four tenants of natural selection
How are Lamarck’s view different than Darwin’s?
Why is overproduction of offspring important?
What is the difference between “adapted” and “acclimated?”
Homologous, analogous, vestigial structures
What do deeper fossils mean, compared to fossils found found in more shallow ground?
What do similar embryos between organisms indicate?
How to read a cladogram
5 assumptions to Hardy-Weinberg
How to calculate p2 given q2 (Hardy-weinberg)
Convergent vs Divergent evolution
Photosynthesis
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What is an autotroph? What is a heterotroph?
How are autotrophs and heterotroph linked?
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
What is the equation for photosynthesis? (know the reactants and the products)
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Where does the light reaction occur?
What goes into light reactions? What comes out?
Where does the dark reaction (Calvin cycle) occur?
What goes into dark reactions? What comes out?
Which pigment is directly involved with photosynthesis? (The primary pigment)
What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Does photosynthesis occur in the roots, leaves or stems?
What is an aerobic pathway? Give an example.
When does aerobic respiration occur?
What is an anaerobic pathway? Give 2 examples.
What is cellular respiration?
What organisms go through cellular respiration?
Which is the equation for cellular respiration? (know the reactants and the products)
Where does aerobic respiration occur in a eukaryotic cell? In a prokaryotic cell?
Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration reciprocal parts of a cycle? (How are they linked to each
other?)
Ecology
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List the levels of organization from smallest to largest. Understand the differences.
What are abiotic factors? List at least four examples.
What are biotic factors? List at least four examples.
What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
In primary succession what is the first species to start to grow? Why?
What is a symbiotic relationship?
Compare and Contrast Mutualism, Commensalisms, and parasitism.
What is a biome?
What defines different biomes?
What factors influence the growth of human population?
What happens if a population exceeds the carrying capacity?
What is the relationship between population and resources?
What is the relationship between predators and prey?
What are the parts of the Water cycle? Carbon Cycle? Nitrogen Cycle?
How is a food web different from a food chain?
What happens to the energy level as you go from one trophic level to the next?
Classification
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What are the five kingdoms?
How are the kingdoms different?
What are the distinguishing characteristics of each animal phyla: Annelida, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes,
Mollusca, Cnidaria, Arthropoda, Porifera, Chordata, Echinodermata
What are examples of each animal phyla?
Body Systems
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What are the major structures and functions of the 4 body systems: Circulatory, Respiratory
Urinary, Digestive
Understand the relationship between the lungs and heart.
What is the main function of the kidney?
What forces are behind the movement of molecules throughout the body?
List the pathway of air flow through the respiratory tract
What are alveoli?
List the pathway of urine through the urinary tract
What is a nephron?
What is the function of the Loop of Henle?
List the pathway of food through the digestive tract
What are villi?
What is peristalsis?
How do the digestive tracts of different animals vary? Why is this so?
List the flow of blood through the heart
Why is the left side of the heart bigger than the right?
What type of circulatory systems and # of hearts do the 4 organisms have? (frog, worm, squid, pig)
Frog: What is a tympanic membrane for? What is the nictitating membrane for?
Pig: Be able to identify the organs within the pig’s digestive tract. How are pigs similar to humans?
Worm: How do worms breathe? What is their digestive tract like?