Download Name: Date Period Ch 20 Study Guide 1. The new Manifest Destiny

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Ch 20 Study Guide
1. The new Manifest Destiny of the 1890s differed from the traditional American expansionism
in that the territories acquired in the 1890s were:
A) not likely to become states
B) not contiguous with existing states or territories
C) not considered suitable for massive American settlement
D) all of the above
2. The text lists three factors that contributed directly or indirectly to the development of the new
Manifest Destiny at the turn of the century. Which of the following is not one of the three?
A) The depression of 1893
B) The concept of the closing of the frontier
C) The declining volume of American foreign trade
D) The Populist movement and other class protests
3. Alfred Thayer Mahan was significant to the development of American imperialism through his
writing on:
A) sea power
B) Social Darwinism
C) Christian Missions
D) dialectical materialism
4. As a result of the naval building program begun in the 1870s, by 1900 the US Navy was:
A) the most powerful in the world
B) the third most powerful in the world
C) the tenth most powerful in the world
D) actually weaker than in 1880 because of corruption in spending naval appropriations
5. The Pan-American Union
A) served as a clearinghouse for distributing information to member nations
B) created an inter-American customs union
C) created arbitration procedures for hemispheric disputes
D) all of the above
6. Which of the following was not a result of increasing American influence in the Hawaiian
Islands beginning in the 1830s?
A) The native population declined significantly due to disease
B) Native religion was undermined by Christian missionaries
C) Asian immigrants were prevented from residing in Hawaii
D) American sugar plantations dominated the economy
7. In 1893, a revolution in Hawaii overthrew the government of Queen Liliuokalani. This
revolution was instigated mainly by:
A) Spanish imperialists
B) native inhabitants of Hawaii
C) Asian immigrants to Hawaii
D) American plantation interests
8. President Grover Cleveland’s reaction to the revolution in Hawaii that overthrew Queen
Liliuokalani was to:
A) invoke the Monroe Doctrine
B) send in the Marines to protect the United States investment
C) urge immediate annexation of the islands by the United States
D) do none of the above
9. Three of the following were competitors for control of the Samoan Islands in the 1880s and
1890s. Which is the exception?
A) Germany
B) Great Britain
C) Japan
D) United States
10. The Wilson-Gorman tariff of 1894 had disastrous effects on the economy of Cuba because of
its very high duties on:
A) rum
B) cotton
C) tobacco
D) sugar
11. The expression “yellow journalism” refers to the newspapers that emphasized:
A) unwavering loyalty to the Democratic Party in the South
B) pacifism in foreign affairs
C) lurid and sensational news
D) the dangers or Oriental immigration
12. Which of the following newspaper publishers were accused of using “yellow journalism” in
their coverage of the trouble in Cuba in the 1890s?
A) William Randolph Hearst and Josiah Strong
B) Josiah Strong and Josiah Pulitzer
C) Valeriano Weyler and Josiah Strong
D) Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
13. The de Lome letter had the effect of:
A) discrediting the McKinley administration in the US eyes
B) worsening United States-Spanish relations
C) exposing United States imperialistic ambitions
D) temporarily improving United States-Spanish relations
14. Later evidence suggested that the sinking of the Maine was actually caused by
A) the Spanish navy
B) William Randolph Hearst
C) an accident in one of the engine rooms
D) Cuban freedom fighters
15. Of the Americans who died in Cuba during the Spanish American War, what percentage
were killed in battle?
A) about 50%
B) about 25%
C) about 10%
D) about 1%
16. Commodore George Dewey was noteworthy to the Spanish-American War for:
A) capturing Puerto Rico
B) sinking the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay
C) sinking the Spanish fleet in Santiago harbor
D) preventing Spanish reinforcements from reaching Cuba
17. American preparation and mobilization for the military operations against Cuba in 1898 may
most accurately be described or characterized as:
A) remarkably inefficient an incompetent
B) adequate, but lacking in popular enthusiasm and support
C) remarkable quick and efficient in spite of poor planning and leadership
D) highly professional, well-organized, and efficient in both planning and execution
18. The use of African-American troops in the United States Army during the Spanish-American
War had the effect of:
A) leading to the complete desegregation of the United States military
B) promoting a significant, if temporary, wave of racial unity throughout the nation
C) arousing racial tension among troops and with communities around posts, especially in
several southern states
D) none of the above, for there were no African American troops in the United States military at
this time
19. In addition to waging military expeditions against the Spanish in Cuba and the Philippines,
the United States invaded:
A) Morocco
B) Barcelona
C) Puerto Rico
D) El Salvador
20. The Treaty of Paris of 1898, which ended the Spanish-American War, provided for Spain to
transfer to the United States three of the following. Which is the Exception?
A) Guam
B) Virgin Island
C) Philippines
D) Puerto Rico
21. The most serious issue on the debate over ratification of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 was:
A) the status of the Philippines
B) political rights of Puerto Rico natives
C) American commercial rights in Cuba
D) the sum of money to be paid by Spain to the United States
22. The Platt Amendment to the Cuba constitution:
A) barred Cuba from making treaties with other nations
B) gave the US the right to intervene in Cuba to protect independence, life, and property
C) required Cuba to permit American naval stations on the territory
D) all of the above
23. The Philippine War
A) was one of the shortest in American history
B) produced fewer American battle causalities than the Spanish-American War
C) was, in terms of the number killed in relation to the number wounded, the bloodiest war to
date in American history
D) saw the American military treating Filipino natives and prisoners of war humanely
24. The motive of the United States in contributing troops to the rescue of the besieged diplomats
during the Boxer Rebellion was to:
A) punish China
B) demonstrate American power to the Europeans
C) gain a foothold in China for an American sphere of influence
D) have a voice in the final settlement and prevent the dismemberment of China
25. The reforms of Elihu Root in the period between 1900 and 1903 were significant in:
A) improving the federal bureaucracy
B) modernizing the United States Army
C) curbing monopolistic business practices
D) cleaning up corruption in the navy Department
26. In his book. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890), Alfred T. Mahan argued
which of the following:
A) that colonial possessions are a drain on the nation’s resources
B) that a strong merchant marine is less important than a navy
C) that naval bases are unnecessary for the protection of colonial possessions
D) that great empires are based on naval supremacy
E) that land forces are more important than naval forces
27. The Plat Amendment of 1901 provided for
A) the United States’ right to intervene in Cuba to maintain peace and law and order
B) the construction of the panama Canal
C) the leasing of the port of Hong Kong
D) a large subsidy to the British to compensate for American diplomatic slights
E) the establishment of cavalry under the command of Theodore Roosevelt
28. Which statement best summarizes the Open Door Policy
A) the united States should have its own sphere of influence in China
B) Japan should be excluded from trading with China
C) China should be punished for its support of eh Boxer Rebellion
D) all nations should be granted equal trading rights in China
E) the United States should control international trade in the Pacific
29. The use of African-American troops in the United States Army during the Spanish-American
War had the effect of:
A) leading to the complete desegregation of the United States military
B) promoting a significant, if temporary, wave of racial unity throughout the nation
C) arousing racial tensions among troops and with communities around posts, especially in
several southern states
D) none of the above, for there were no black troops in the United States military at this time
30. American went to war against Spain in 1898 because of all the following reasons except:
A) Spain’s refusal to discuss terms for peace
B) The buildup of public pressure for war
C) Alleged Spanish mistreatment of Cuban civilians
D) Americans tended to compare the Cuban insurrection with their own American Revolution
31. During the 1890s, leaders who, like Grover Cleveland, favored economic expansion but not
the annexation of overseas territory:
A) became more vocal and began to dominate government decision making
B) gradually lost ground to those who advocated both formal and informal imperialism
C) completely abandoned their position in the aftermath of the Spanish-American-CubanFilipino War
D) came to be concentrated almost exclusively in the Republican party
32. The price which society pays for the law of competition…is great; but the advantages of this
law are also greater…[W]hether the law be benign or not, we must say of it: It is here; we
cannot evade it;…it is best for the race, because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every
department. The passage is characteristic of:
A) Calvinism
B) Progressivism
C) cultural pluralism
D) egalitarianism
E) Social Darwinism
33. McKinley officially urged the Senate to accept acquisition of the Philippines for all of the
following reasons except:
A) we couldn’t give them back to Spain
B) someone else such as Germany may take the Philippines if we don’t
C) the Filipinos were unfit for self-government
D) we were obligated to Christianize and civilize the Filipinos
E) the Philippines were a potential source for corporate business profits.
34. The policy of imperialism in the US from 1890 to 1910 was largely the result of
A) demands for commercial expansion
B) the theory of isolation
C) a desire to build up a colonial empire
D) a widespread desire to become a world power
E) missionary zeal
35. Which of the following was NOT among the factors propelling America toward overseas
expansion in the 1890s?
A) the desire to expand overseas agricultural and manufacturing exports
B) the “yellow press” of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
C) the need to find new African and Asian sources of raw materials for American industry
D) the ideologies of Anglo-Saxon superiority and social Darwinism
36. Americans first became concerned with the situation in Cuba because
A) Spanish control of Cuba violated the Monroe Doctrine
B) imperialists and business leaders were looking to acquire colonial territory for the United
States
C) Americans sympathized with Cuban rebels in their fight for freedom from Spanish rule
D) the Battleship Maine exploded in Havana harbor
37. Even before the sinking of the Maine, the American public’s indignation at Spain had been
whipped into a frenzy by
A) Spanish Catholics’ persecution of the protestant minority in Cuba
B) Spain’s aggressive battleship-building program
C) William Randolph Hearst’s sensational newspaper accounts of Spanish atrocities in Cuba
D) the Spanish government’s brutal treatment of American sailor in Havana
38. As soon as the U.S. declared war on Spain, Commodore George Dewey sailed to the
Philippine Islands because
A) that was the best place to strike a blow for a free Cuba
B) he had been ordered to do so by Assistant Navy Secretary Theodore Roosevelt
C) the American navy happened to be on a tour of East Asia ports
D) he was invited to do so by Philippine nationalists
39. The largest cause of American deaths in Cuba was
A) the direct-charge tactics of Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders
B) the effective artillery bombardments of the Spanish navy
C) armed clashes with Cuban rebels and civilians
D) bad food, disease, and unsanitary conditions
40. Among prominent Americans who opposed annexation of Philippines were
A) Leonard Wood and Walter Reed
B) William Randolph Hearst and Theodore Roosevelt
C) Mark Twain and William James
D) Mark Hanna and “Czar” Thomas Reed
MATCHING PEOPLE, PLACES, and EVENTS
_____ Josiah Strong
_____ Alfred Thayer Mahan
_____ Queen Liliuokalani
_____ Grover Cleveland
_____ “Butcher” Weyler
_____ William R. Hearst
_____ William McKinley
_____ George E. Dewey
_____ Theodore Roosevelt
_____ Emilio Aguinaldo
_____ Walter Reed
A. Imperialist advocate, aggressive assistant navy secretary,
Rough Rider
B. Spanish general whose brutal tactics against Cuban rebels
outraged American public opinion
C. Native Hawaiian ruler overthrown in a revolution led by
white planters and aided by U.S. troops
D. American naval officer who wrote influential books
emphasizing sea power and advocating a big navy
E. Naval commander whose spectacular May Day victory in
1898 opened the doors to American imperialism in Asia
F. Vigorous promoter of sensationalistic anti-Spanish
propaganda and eager advocate of imperialistic war
G. American doctor who led the medical efforts to conquer
yellow fever during U.S. occupation of Cuba
H. American clergyman who preached Anglo-Saxon
superiority and called for stronger U.S. missionary effort
overseas
I. President who initially opposed war with Spain but
eventually supported U.S. acquisition of the Philippines
J. American president who refused to annex Hawaii on the
grounds that the native ruler had been unjustly deposed
K. Leader of the Filipino insurgents who aided Americans in
defeating Spain and taking Manila
IDENTIFICATION
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1. Valuable naval base acquired by the United States from the Hawaiian
government in 1887
2. Term for the sensationalistic and jingoistic prowar journalism
practiced by W.R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
3. American battleship sent on a “friendly” visit to Cuba that ended in
disaster and war
4. Amendment to the declaration of war with Spain that stated the united
States would grant Cubans their independence after the war
5. Site of the dramatic American naval victory that led to U.S.
acquisition of rich, Spanish-owned Pacific islands
6. Colorful volunteer regiment of the Spanish-American War led by a
militarily inexperienced but politically influential colonel
7. Deadly tropical disease conquered during the Spanish-American War
by Dr. Walter Reed and other American medical researchers