Download Biology A Final Exam Review 2016

Final Exam Review
Helpful Hints
Use your old review sheets and biology binder to review each topic. Start with the section you feel
least comfortable with. Try studying one section at a time rather that waiting until the day before the
exam to review all of the material. Remember you may review old tests and quizzes during X block or
at a pre-arranged time. Get a good night sleep before the final exam and be sure to eat breakfast.
Good luck on all of your finals! 
The Science of Biology - 1.1 and 2.2
1. Describe each of the steps of the scientific method. (Be able to identify these steps in an
experiment).
2. What is a hypothesis? How should you write a hypothesis?
3. What is a control or control group?
4. What is an independent variable? What is a dependent variable?
5. List and explain water’s life-supporting properties.
6. Explain why water is considered a polar molecule. How does water being polar affect the
properties of water?
7. What is cohesion? Give an example of cohesion. What is adhesion? Give an example of
adhesion.
8. What does the pH scale measure? What is an acid? What pH range is typical for acids? What
is a base? What pH range is typical for bases?
9. What is a buffer? Why are buffers important to living organisms?
Molecules of Life: 2.3 & 2.4
10. Identify the differences between organic and inorganic molecules.
11. Explain how carbon can bond with other atoms to form diverse structures.
12. What are the four macromolecules of life? Identify their function and give examples of the
foods that contain these macromolecules. What is the monomer of each of the
macromolecules?
13. What is a dehydration synthesis reaction? What is removed or released in the reaction? When
do dehydration synthesis reactions occur?
14. What is a hydrolysis reaction? What is required in this reaction? When do hydrolysis reactions
occur?
15. State how plants and animals store the excess sugar molecules
16. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Give examples of saturated fats
and unsaturated fats.
17. What is denaturation? What factors cause it? What happens to the function of the protein?
18. What is an enzyme? Are enzymes used up in a reaction?
19. How do enzymes work (Hint: activation energy)?
Cells: Chapter 7
20. What are the 8 characteristics of life? Give examples of each.
21. Describe differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Give examples of prokaryotic
organisms. Give examples of eukaryotic organisms.
22. What are some differences between animal cells and plant cells? What do animal cells and
plant cells have in common?
23. Describe the structure of membranes in a cell. Where in the cell are membranes located?
24. Describe the structure and function of the following organelles: nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes,
rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, gogi apparatus, mitochondria,
chloroplasts, cytoskeleton, flagella, cilia, large central vacuole, centrioles, lysosomes, plasma
membrane and cell wall.
25. State the levels of organization in multicellular organisms.
Cell Transport Ch.7 Sections 7.3-7.4
26. What are the basic components of a cell membrane?
27. Describe the main functions of proteins in the cell membrane.
28. What is the difference between passive and active transport? Give examples of each.
29. Compare and contrast diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport in terms of:
a. Direction(s) particles move
b. Use of transport proteins
c. Energy
30. Describe how particles move at equilibrium.
31. What happens to a cell if it is placed in a hypotonic solution? A hypertonic solution? An
isotonic solution?
Chapter 8: Photosynthesis
32. What is the overall equation for photosynthesis? Where do the reactants come from? What
happens to the products?
33. Describe the light cycle of photosynthesis. Where does the light cycle occur in a plant? When
does the light cycle occur?
34. Describe the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. Where does the Calvin cycle occur in a plant?
When does the Calvin cycle occur?
35. Do plants and/ or animals go through photosynthesis? What organelle do the cells of these
organisms have?
36. What is the function of stomata in plants? What molecules enter the plant through the stomata?
What molecules leave the plant through the stomata?
37. Why are the leaves of most plants green? Explain how the green color of leaves relates to the
absorbance of energy from the sun.
Cellular Respiration: Chapter 9
38. What is a calorie? What is a kilocalorie or Calorie?
39. What is the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration? Explain where the reactants
come from? Explain what happens to the products?
40. Do plants and/ or animals go through cellular respiration? What organelle do the cells of these
organisms have?
41. Describe the three stages of cellular respiration? Where does each of the three stages occur in
the cell?
42. What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? How many total
ATP can be made from one glucose during aerobic respiration? How many total ATP can be
made from one glucose during anaerobic respiration?
43. Two types of anaerobic respiration are lactic acid fermentation and ethyl alcohol fermentation.
What is produced in each of these reactions? Give an example of an organism that would
undergo lactic acid fermentation. Give an example of an organism that would undergo ethyl
alcohol fermentation.
Final Exam Note Card
Directions: You may bring on the day of the final exam a 3x5 note card. The note card may be no
larger than 3” x 5” and must be handwritten by you. You may use both sides. Your name needs to be
written on the note card and highlighted. I will check your note cards when you enter the class and
hand the card back for you to use during the exam. After the final exam you must return the card to
me.