Download The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial
Revolution
AP World History
Unit 5
1750-1900
Does a Revolution always mean War?
 What does the word “revolution” mean?
 Scientific Revolution, American Revolution, French
Revolution, and Industrial Revolution.
 CHANGE!
 Long term and short term changes.
 How did technological discoveries and
developments of the Scientific Revolution
change society?
 Scientific discoveries, new machines, printing press,
and exploration.
Getting the Revolution Started
 Many European economies, during the 1700s,
were based on mercantilism and were very labor
intensive.
 Lasting effects from the Scientific Revolution and
a more peaceful Europe led to a demand for
more change.
 The Industrial Revolution is defined as a period
of increased output of goods made by machines
and new inventions.
 It was a slow, long, uneven process from hand tools
to complex machines.
 Which means that the Industrial Revolution did not happen
over night.
Factors Aiding Industrial Growth
1. Changes in Farming Methods
 Enclosure Movement
 Process of taking over and fencing off land formerly shared
by peasant farmers.
 Larger fields = more output.
 Small farmers are displaced = move to cities for work.
 Crop Rotation
 Produce more crops using the same amount of land.
 Improved Livestock
 Selective breeding caused the weights and quantities of
livestock to double in the 18th century.
Factors Aiding Industrial Growth
2. Energy Revolution
 Coal was used to power the first steam
engine.
 James Watt (1769) created a pump to remove
water out of mines.
 Vital power source during Industrial Revolution
 By 1780, rail lines crisscrossed Britain, Europe, and
eastern North America.
 Improved trade.
 Encouraged travel for common people.
Britain led the Rise of Industry
 Why did the Industrial Revolution begin here?
 Britain had many advantages.
1. Manpower
 population boom and city workers.
2. Materials
 coal, iron ore, and other natural resources.
3. Money
 trade and war to invest.
4. Markets
 large colonial empire and trade agreements.
5. Modes of Transportation
 roads, rail, and shipping.
Britain Led the Rise of Industry
 British revolutionized textile industry
 One invention led to another.
 Flying Shuttle, Spinning Jenny, Water Frame,
Spinning Mule, Power Loom, and Cotton Gin
 These inventions were too expensive for
home use.
 Welcome to factory life!
 Increased cotton and linen output.
 1785 = 40 million yards
 1850 = 2 billion yards!
Economic Effects of the
Industrial Revolution
1.
2.
3.
4.
Goods were produced more efficiently
Supply of goods increased
Prices of goods decreased
More consumer demand due to lowered
prices
5. Jobs were created in factories and on rail
lines
6. Social changes as well!
Social Effect of the
Industrial Revolution
1. Urbanization



A movement of people to cities.
Did they come by choice?
 Yes and no…changes in farming and demand for workers.
Overcrowding
 Manchester


17,000 in 1750…40,000 in 1780…70,000 in 1801!
 Dirty and disease ridden from factories.
 City governments were corrupt and inefficient.
 Cities were unsafe.
Tenement housing
 Shabby apartment buildings.
 No light, no running water, many to one room, and no
sanitation system.
Social Effect of the
Industrial Revolution
2. Hazards of Factory Life




Long work days.
 12-16 hours.
No safety devices.
 Loss of limbs and lives.
Pollution.
 Coal dust and lint into lungs of workers.
Women were paid less than men.
 Many employers preferred women to men.


Thought they could adapt to machines better and easier to
manage.
Grim family life.
 Concept of the “double-shift”.
Social Effect of the
Industrial Revolution
3. Children Suffered in Mills and Mines
 Were “trappers”.
 Cleared the ventilation shafts.
 Orphaned children worked for food and
board.
 Many families needed the extra money.
 Many were beat and very few received an
education.
 Factory Act of 1833. 
 Minimum 13 years old and maximum 8 hour day.
Social Effect of the
Industrial Revolution
4. Middle Class Expanded

Rise of factory owners, shippers, and
merchants.
 Lived in nice housing, dressed and ate well,
and women did not work.
 Viewed the poor as lazy or ignorant.
 Responsible for their own misery. 
Political Effects of the
Industrial Revolution
 Capitalism vs. Socialism
 Capitalism.
 Individuals, rather than governments, control the
factors of production.
 Land, labor, and capital.
 Businesses are privately owned.
 Socialism.
 Government owns the means of production and
operates them on behalf of the people.
 Reform movements, unions, and anti-trust
laws are created.
Good, Bad, or ?
 Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or
a curse?
 Negative:
 Low pay, unemployment, horrible living conditions,
and need for reform. 
 Positive:
 New factories opened, created more jobs, wages
rose, travel increased, horizons widened, and
opportunities increased. 
 Conditions improved over time!
Important Inventions and Inventors to
Remember from the Industrial Revolution


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Cotton Gin (invented by Eli Whitney 1793)
Telegraph (invented by Samuel Morse 1836)
Sewing Machine (invented by Elias Howe 1844)
Theory of Evolution (Charles Darwin, 1859)
Transatlantic Cable (invented by Cyrus Field 1866)
Telephone (invented by Alexander Graham Bell, 1876)
Electric Light Bulb (invented by Thomas Edison, 1879)
Automobile (invented by Karl Benz, 1885)
Radio (invented by Guglielmo Marconi 1895)
Airplane (invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright, 1903)
Assembly Line (invented by Henry Ford, 1913)
European Industrial Revolution
Industrial
Revolution
Justifications: 19th
Century Liberalism
Social Darwinism
Social
Changes
Aristocracy Declining
in Power
Responses:
Socialism, Marxism
Labor Unions
Finance
Capitalism
Urban Industrial
Environment
Expansion of Gov't
Services
Requirements
Middle Class
Rising in Power
City Services:
Fire, Police, Water,
Sanitation
Raw Materials
Working Class Living
in Poverty
Public Health
Education
New
Markets
Peasants
Struggling to Survive
Investments
Increased
Competition
Nationalism
Imperialism
Militarism
Entangling
Alliances
Underlying
Causes of
World War
Assassination
of Archduke
Ferdinand
Photos
of
Industrialization
AP World History
Unit 5
1750-1900
Urban life in Great Britain.
A young woman weaver next to her loom at the Witney Mill in
England during the early 1900s.
Young girl in the weaving shed at the Witney Mill rewinding
unravelled power loom bobbins by hand.
This little girl is so small she has to stand on a box to reach her
knitting machine. Loudon Hosiery Mills – Tennessee,
December 1910.
A boy sweeping at a cotton mill.
Young boys working with needles or pins of some sort.
Danger of clothes or hands getting stuck in the machine.
Boys work in a textile factory.
A young Indian child's hand. This child is a carpet weaver.
Workers at the Herisem paper and cardboard mill in
Belgium, 1902.
Adult coal mine workers.
Two boys and
a horse in a
coal mine –
West Virginia,
October, 1908
Children working in mines. Called “hurriers”.
Shorpy Higginbotham,
“greaser” at the Bessie
Mine of the SlossSheffield Steel and Iron
Co. He said that he was
14 years old, but that
was doubtful. The
greasers carried heavy
pails of grease and were
often in danger of being
run over by the coal cars,
December,1910
Newsies out after midnight selling newspapers. Youngest boy
in the group is 9 years old and the oldest is age 11 –
Washington, D.C.
Francis Lance, 5 years old, 41 inches high. He jumps on and
off moving trolley cars to sell papers – St. Louis, Mo.
While working in Sanders
Spinning Mill, Bessemer City,
N.C., Giles Edmund Newsom, a
piece of the machine fell on to
his foot mashing his toe. This
caused him to fall on to a
spinning machine and his hand
went into unprotected gearing,
crushing and tearing out two
fingers. He told the attorney he
was 11 years old when it
happened. His parents said he
was 13 years old. The school
census taken at the time of the
accident made him 12 years old.
October 23rd, 1912.
Cartoon
related to the
Charles
Dickens novel
Oliver Twist.
Early Automotive Assembly Line, 1920s.