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FINAL EXAM REVIEW BALLET FUNDAMENTALS Ballet is the dance technique that emphasizes proper body alignment and specific vocabulary. Ballet helps dancers work on their turnout, center, and balance. A classically trained dancer uses his/her core muscles to support the body to move more efficiently and effortlessly. We will be studying the Vaganobo Style, which is the Russian ballet method. *Know the RUSSIAN STYLE BALLET POSTIONS taught in class (not on the previous handout). VOCABULARY Placement – position of the body parts Posture – the way you hold yourself, thinking of stacking the joints Alignment – position of the joints on top of each other or position of arms/legs Balance – holding your center of gravity Technique – the proper way of positioning for ballet Relevé – raised, a raising of the body on pointe or demi-pointe; may be done with a spring Plié – bending of the knees Demi plié: half bending of the knees, heels do not lift off the floor Grand plié: full bending of the knees, heels lift off the floor (except in 2nd position) Tendu – to stretch the foot/leg Jeté – to throw or toss, a transfer of weight; the foot brushes into the air and the opposite leg lands in a coupe (Dégagé – to disengage the foot from the floor; American Style term for jeté) Grand Battement – a brush of the leg and pointed foot high into the air Soté – to jump Chassé – to chase, slide (like a gallop) Grand Pas De Chat – (leap) big leap of the cat, take off of one foot and land on the other foot WHAT IS BALLET? Ballet is a form of dance with unique qualities. Ballet dancers perform difficult movements with grace and style, and this requires many years of training in daily dance class. WHERE DID BALLET ORIGINATE? France was the birthplace of ballet in the 1400s. Today, all ballet dancers learn the French words for movements such as plie (bend) pirouette (turn) saute (jump) and pas de deux (dance for two). Louis XIV, King of France in the 17th century, loved to dance and often performed with the ballet in his royal court. When Louis became too old (and fat) to perform, he established a ballet academy and began the tradition of training professional dancers that continues today. FINAL EXAM REVIEW What is Stomp? a movement of bodies, objects, sounds, abstract ideas put together to create one or more rhythms This normally includes NO SPEECH, NO DIALOGUE, NO PLOT TIME MEASURES: • Common Time: 4/4 time – In dance, 8 counts – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,… 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,… • Waltz time: 3/4 time – In dance, 6 counts – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,… 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,… TEMPO – Time : i.e., the overall speed of a piece of music ALLEGRO - fast, cheerful ADAGIO – very slow – Time aspect of the music and organization of the music – The arrangement of notes according to their relative duration and accentuation – How the music flows – Greek origin, meaning “flow” – Repetition of beat in a pattern RHYTHM – Time aspect of the music and organization of the music – The arrangement of notes according to their relative duration and accentuation – How the music flows – Repetition of beat in a pattern BEAT – A series of pulses, the underlying pulses of the music – Clap your hands or stomp your feet to each beat METER – The organization or the grouping of beats – Grouped in regular patterns (i.e. measures) – Once established, usually stays the same throughout the song Accent—to emphasize, make stronger Syncopation—rhythm that is unexpected, accenting the weak beats Timbre—tone quality; the sensation in which a listener can judge that two sounds having the same loudness and pitch are dissimilar Dynamics—levels of sound, loud or soft, in a piece of music FINAL EXAM REVIEW Jazz Dance incorporates ballet and modern dance movements and is a part of musical stage dance, all which root from African American, Afro-Cuban, Haitian and Hindu cultures Origin: stems from rhythms and movement of African Americans. Jazz is ever-changing and evolving from the expressions of the life and times of the people within each decade. 1920’s: Charleston, Black Bottom and Castle Walk 1930’s: Ginger Rogers, Fred Astaire, and producer of Busby Berkeley Dixieland Jazz, big bands, boogie: Louis Armstrong, Glenn Miller and Artie Shaw 1940’s: Broadway Stage: Jerone Robbins, George Balanchine and Jack Cole 1950’s: Rock’n’roll was born and various social dances such as the stroll ,chicken and Hully Gully 1960’s: rebellious dance such as the Monkey, Pony and the Frug 1970’s: Disco dances such as the Bus Stop, the Hustle, and the Bump. 1980’s: punk rock, slam dancing, and break dancing 1990’s: Hip-hop dance evolved from rap music Bob Fosse: Fosse developed a jazz dance style that was very recognizable and highly stylized. Other notable distinctions of his style included the use of inward knees, rounded shoulders and body isolations. With Fred Astaire as an influence, he used props such as bowler hats, canes and chairs. His trademark use of hats was influenced by his own self-consciousness. His dance routines were intense and specific, yet had simplicity to them. Fosse directed five feature films. His first, “Sweet Charity” in 1969, was an adaptation of his Broadway musical. His second film, “Cabaret,” won eight Academy Awards, including Best Director. In 1979, Fosse co-wrote and directed the semi-autobiographical “All That Jazz,” which won four Academy Awards. JAZZ DANCE VOCABULARY: Pulses- quick arm thrusts; stretches and releases of arms reaching upward, sideward, downward, or on diagonals. Isolations – moving an individual or multiple body parts while other parts remain still or move in a different way. Step Ball-change- step right foot forward on full foot, then transfer weight briefly onto the ball of the left foot behind the right foot, then step full foot on the right foot either front or side. FINAL EXAM REVIEW AEROBIC means with oxygen. Aerobic exercise - activity involving large muscle groups sustained over a long period of time and rhythmic in nature. Aerobic exercise helps condition the lungs and cardiovascular (heart) system. The development of a stronger heart results in the body being able to deliver more oxygen throughout the body with greater efficiency. Aerobic Exercise examples– jogging, running, speed walking, swimming, cycling, aerobics, kickboxing, rollerblading Aerobic Sports – cross country running, basketball, soccer, water-polo, wrestling training, hockey Anaerobic Exercise – sprints, weight training, explosive training (plyometrics/jumping) Anaerobic Sports – track sprinting, volleyball, football, baseball, golf, tennis . . . AEROBIC DANCE is a fitness activity which uses large muscle groups designed to raise your heart rate while improving cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance and flexibility. Aerobic dance routines are synchronized to popular music with a driving beat to set the pace. Aerobic dance is a type of conditioning which incorporates simple steps from all different dance forms such as jazz, folk, and social dance. It provides an alternative to other aerobic fitness activities such as jogging, bicycling, swimming, etc. HEALTH BENEFITS OF AEROBIC DANCE It lowers resting heart rate. It decreases blood pressure. It aids in preventing osteoporosis It increases delivery of oxygen to cells. It enlarges muscle fiber and enhances muscular strength It maintains flexibility around the joints. It improves circulation to the heart. It decreases the risk of coronary disease. It lowers cholesterol in the blood. WARMING-UP helps your body transition from rest to exercise. A slower paced version of your aerobic routine can be used to start raising the heart rate and warming up your muscles. It is important to warm-up and then stretch your muscles to increase your flexibility and reduce the risk of injury. This should include stretching all the major muscle groups COOLING DOWN after exercise is important to avoid blood pooling in the extremities. It also helps return blood circulation and heart rate back to pre-activity rates. Performing a slow version of your aerobic activity helps to release chemicals (lactic acid) from the muscles that are built up during the intensity of the workout, which later causes sore muscles. Failing to cool down after vigorous exercise can result in dizziness, fainting, heart stress, and sore/stiff muscles. A cool down should include stretching all major muscle groups to relieve lactic acid build up and increase flexibility. FINAL EXAM REVIEW TARGET HEART RATE – Reaching and maintaining your THR helps burn fat and calories at a faster rate and improves cardiovascular strength and endurance.(70%-85% of MHR age 16 -estimated THR = 142 - 173). It is important to monitor your heart rate during exercise to determine whether you are working within your target heart rate zone/range. We use our resting pulse and age in order to calculate the intensity at which your heart should be working. (Training heart rate / exercise heart rate / target heart rate / = all the same idea). STEP AEROBICS are similar to aerobic dance except that the lower body workout makes use of a step to increase muscle conditioning and provide a low-impact workout. Step aerobics uses all planes of movement, which will highly improve your mind and body awareness connection. It is good to start out with one step until your body is use to the movement and builds up enough cardiovascular endurance to add more than one step. Steps utilize the primary muscle groups as well as your stabilizing muscles (balancing muscles) to create a high intensity workout. MRS. HARRISON’S CLASS GUIDELINES NON-SUITS: (for each 10 weeks) = forgetting one or more of: shoes/shorts/shirt (no half non-suits) Each NON-SUIT will drop a letter grade. A non-suit does not excuse the student from activity, you must still participate 1 NS = Warning 2 NS = 1 letter grade drop 3 NS = 2 letter grade drop 4 NS = 3 letter grade drop 5 NS = fail the class Missing 15 days excused / unexcused absences or non-participations = FAIL for the 10 weeks. UNEXCUSED ABSENCES OR NON-PARTICIPATION: 1 unexcused absence or non participation = 1 letter grade drop 2 unexcused absences or non- participation = 2 letter grade drop 3 unexcused absences or non-participation = 3 letter grade drop 4 unexcused absences or non-participation = fail the class Absences: Be sure to follow school policy to get absences cleared. Unexcused absents cannot be made up. Unexcused Absents – each one lowers your quarter grade one corresponding level. (4 = fail) Arriving to class 20 minutes or more after the tardy bell will result in an Absence! TARDY will alter your grade in the following manner: 1 tardy = No change in citizenship or letter grade 3 tardies = N in citizenship, no change in letter grade 5 tardies = U in citizenship, 1 letter grade lower 7 tardies = U in citizenship, 2 letter grades lower 9 tardies = U in citizenship, 3 letter grades lower 10 tardies = U in citizenship, fail in class MAKE-UPS = Each teacher gives a one time (30 minutes) make-up session each quarter: 1. Unexcused Absences may not be made up. 2. Non-suits may be made up by jogging 6 laps each 3. Excused absences may be made up by jogging 6 laps each 4. Tardies may be made up by jogging 4 laps each 5. All make ups can only be supervised by your teacher 6. There are no make-ups for the make-up session.