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# Feature Bay (MODEL 1) Promontory Definition Indent into land occupied by water Land projects into sea Island Land surrounded by sea hanging glacier Spit Sand embankment with hooked end that goes into open ocean Sand formation built by currents; often in protected water A small stream tarn Rock pillar on coast isolated by waves Steep cliff formed by wave erosion igneous rock* Bar Creek Stack Wave cut cliff Delta Tombolo Continental shelf Continental slope Submarine canyon Alluvium deposited at mouth of river; triangle-shaped Sandbar that connects island to mainland Shallow water covered margin of continent Ocean floor from 100 to 200 fathoms; steeper slope Narrow underwater gorge w/steep slopes # Feature Waterfall valley glacier horn hogback metamorphic rock* sedimentary rock* dome (M5) mountain butte cap rock* Granite* Old volcano (M2) Volcano made from several lava flows; lava came through a conduit Unconformity* Caldera Bowl shaped crater made from collapsed volcanic cone Streams radiates from summit of volcano; like spokes on a bike tire Smaller divisions of larger river or stream Alternate layers of ash and lava Anticline* Trap* Dike* Lava breaks through crater of volcano Magma fills vertical crack; narrow Sill* Magma fills in parallel to rock layers outwash plain (model 6) Laccolith* Igneous intrusion that pushes layers into arch shape; usually flat on bottom Subsurface molten rock drumlin Pipe or tube through which lava flows Molten rock that flows over surface kame Break in Earth’s crust where movement may occur Slight depression that may form a temporary lake Fan shaped deposit of sediment left at the base of a hill transported by water Mountains formed by uplift or fault movement a stream present before uplift occurred meander desert basin A basin located between block mountains flood plain canyon A narrow gorge eroded by a river glacial till* horst Raised block of land between 2 parallel faults Glaciated valley cut below tributary valley which leaves it hanging above main valley Long narrow lakes formed by glaciers synclinal valley (M7) folded mountain Rock debris deposited at furthest extent of glacier Deposition of rock debris at the side of a glacier Large cracks at the lower end of a glacier A cirque perched high on the flank of a valley syncline Radial drainage Braided stream Composite volcano* Breached crater Magma* Conduit* Lava Fault* (model 3) playa alluvial fan block Mountains antecedent stream hanging valley (m4) finger lakes terminal moraine lateral moraine crevassed area hanging cirque natural gas* Petroleum* salt dome* gas well* esker kettle lake Oxbow lake Peak formed by intersecting cirquespyramid shaped Sharp ridgeline formed by steeply dipping strata Fire formed rock – results from cooling magma Formerly igneous or sedimentary reshaped though heat, pressure, etc. Rocks formed from accumulated sediments Mts formed from uplift – circular in shape Flat hill topped with resistant cap rock Rock strata that is resistant to erosion. Crowns buttes and stacks Coarse-grained igneous rock made of quartz and feldspar along with other minerals. A boundary where horizontal strata overlays previously folded and eroded layers. An upward fold Hydrocarbons found above petroleum deposits. Liquid hydrocarbons Upward movement of a salt mass with which oil and gas are frequently associated Geologic structure where impervious rock overlays oil bearing rock A hole drilled into the earth which encounters gas A sandy plain that results from sediments carried from a melted glacier. Elongated hill formed by a glacier L long ridge of sand and gravel that was left by a stream flowing beneath a glacier A round hill formed by sediments from a glacier A lake formed from glacial melt that remains because it reaches the water table. Loop like bends in a stream that flows through a relatively flat valley Meander is cut off to form lake cavern Cave formed in limestone due to water erosion cut off A channel that cuts across a meander karst topography Characterized by sink holes and sunken land due to underground limestone deposits that have eroded A plain that borders a river with ample deposits of overlying sediments. Boulders, pebbles, cobbles, sand etc. left behind by glacial melt A valley in a syncline between two anticlines Mountains formed from stress trellis drainage Lagoon (M8) salt marsh dendritic drainage estuary inlet * - found on side of model Definition …just find it A mass of ice moving slowly down the valley A glacier that terminates on a steep slope A small lake in a cirque A rectangular pattern of stream drainage Rock layers that have been bent downward Shallow body of water separated from the shore by a bar Swampy area on tidal flats Tributaries of streams branch out in all directions Shallow mouth of a river that mixes with salt water at high tide A narrow opening in a bar through which the tide ebbs and flows # 1 C4 Feature Bay (MODEL 1) Definition Indent into land occupied by water Feature Waterfall Definition …just find it valley glacier A mass of ice moving slowly down the valley A glacier that terminates on a steep slope A small lake in a cirque Alluvium deposited at mouth of river; triangle-shaped Sandbar that connects island to mainland Shallow water covered margin of continent Ocean floor from 100 to 200 fathoms; steeper slope Narrow underwater gorge w/steep slopes # 64 G23 65 E24 66 F24 69 D25 70 C24 74 F27 76 A25 77 A26 78 A27 79 H31 85 D29 88 F29 91 H31 2 D4 Promontory Land projects into sea 3 F1 Island Land surrounded by sea 7 E3 Spit 9 F6 Bar 10 F7 Creek Sand embankment with hooked end that goes into open ocean Sand formation built by currents; often in protected water A small stream 11 D3 Stack 12 D4 Wave cut cliff 14 C6 Delta 16 A3 Tombolo 17 B1 Continental shelf 18 A1 Continental slope 19 C1 Submarine canyon 21 G10 Old volcano (M2) Volcano made from several lava flows; lava came through a conduit 92 A32 Unconformity* 22 H10 24 F10 26 D8 Caldera Composite volcano* 93 A31 94 A31 95 A31 98 A34 Anticline* 28 A10 Bowl shaped crater made from collapsed volcanic cone Streams radiates from summit of volcano; like spokes on a bike tire Smaller divisions of larger river or stream Alternate layers of ash and lava 30 C11 35 A13 36 A14 Breached crater Sill* Magma fills in parallel to rock layers 99 A34 101 A31 107 D39 Trap* Dike* Lava breaks through crater of volcano Magma fills vertical crack; narrow 37 H14 Laccolith* 108 G42 drumlin 38 H14 Magma* Igneous intrusion that pushes layers into arch shape; usually flat on bottom Subsurface molten rock 109 F39 esker 39 A10 40 A10 Conduit* Pipe or tube through which lava flows Molten rock that flows over surface 110 G38 113 E39 kame 57 A21 43 G20 46 G18 Fault* (model 3) 115 C40 116 B40 123 A38 meander cavern Cave formed in limestone due to water erosion 47 D18 49 C17 block Mountains Break in Earth’s crust where movement may occur Slight depression that may form a temporary lake Fan shaped deposit of sediment left at the base of a hill transported by water Mountains formed by uplift or fault movement a stream present before uplift occurred 117 C39 119 A38 cut off A channel that cuts across a meander karst topography 50 D21 desert basin A basin located between block mountains 122 A40 flood plain 52 G17 55 A16 58 H23 canyon A narrow gorge eroded by a river glacial till* horst 59 G23 60 B22 61 B22 62 E23 63 G24 finger lakes Raised block of land between 2 parallel faults Glaciated valley cut below tributary valley which leaves it hanging above main valley Long narrow lakes formed by glaciers 124 H37 130 A47 126/12 9 E44 A44 138 D43 130 H47 146 D54 148 D53 153 G51 151 B51 147 C54 Characterized by sink holes and sunken land due to underground limestone deposits that have eroded A plain that borders a river with ample deposits of overlying sediments. Boulders, pebbles, cobbles, sand etc. left behind by glacial melt A valley in a syncline between two anticlines Mountains formed from stress Radial drainage Braided stream Lava playa alluvial fan antecedent stream hanging valley (m4) terminal moraine lateral moraine crevassed area hanging cirque * - found on side of model Rock pillar on coast isolated by waves Steep cliff formed by wave erosion Rock debris deposited at furthest extent of glacier Deposition of rock debris at the side of a glacier Large cracks at the lower end of a glacier A cirque perched high on the flank of a valley hanging glacier tarn horn hogback igneous rock* metamorphic rock* sedimentary rock* dome (M5) mountain butte cap rock* Granite* natural gas* Petroleum* salt dome* gas well* outwash plain (model 6) kettle lake Oxbow lake synclinal valley (M7) folded mountain trellis drainage syncline Lagoon (M8) salt marsh dendritic drainage estuary inlet Peak formed by intersecting cirquespyramid shaped Sharp ridgeline formed by steeply dipping strata Fire formed rock – results from cooling magma Formerly igneous or sedimentary reshaped though heat, pressure, etc. Rocks formed from accumulated sediments Mts formed from uplift – circular in shape Flat hill topped with resistant cap rock Rock strata that is resistant to erosion. Crowns buttes and stacks Coarse-grained igneous rock made of quartz and feldspar along with other minerals. A boundary where horizontal strata overlays previously folded and eroded layers. An upward fold Hydrocarbons found above petroleum deposits. Liquid hydrocarbons Upward movement of a salt mass with which oil and gas are frequently associated Geologic structure where impervious rock overlays oil bearing rock A hole drilled into the earth which encounters gas A sandy plain that results from sediments carried from a melted glacier. Elongated hill formed by a glacier L long ridge of sand and gravel that was left by a stream flowing beneath a glacier A round hill formed by sediments from a glacier A lake formed from glacial melt that remains because it reaches the water table. Loop like bends in a stream that flows through a relatively flat valley Meander is cut off to form lake A rectangular pattern of stream drainage Rock layers that have been bent downward Shallow body of water separated from the shore by a bar Swampy area on tidal flats Tributaries of streams branch out in all directions Shallow mouth of a river that mixes with salt water at high tide A narrow opening in a bar through which the tide ebbs and flows