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1. Site identifies a place by its A location relative to other objects B mathematical location on the earth’s surface (your set location) C relative location D location as it relates to travel times E none of the above 2. Which form of expansion diffusion goes to the most interconnected places initially? A contagious B hierarchical C relocation D stimulus E A and B 3. The concept that the physical environment determines human activities is A climate B environmental determinism C possibilism D spatial association E none of the above 4. Which is an example of a vernacular region A states B counties C Roscoe Village neighborhood D Internet site usage alone E a store’s market area 5. Which effect of globalization corresponds to how cell phones, the internet and other new technologies are making communication over distances easier A specialized economies B time-space compression C uneven development D interdependence E none of the above are exceptions 6. If someone said that people living in the desert did not have as many opportunities because of a lack of resources, this would be an example of what geographic approach A cultural ecology B environmental determinism C Environmental possibilism D spatial association E none of the above Charts 7. Which is true? A large scale maps have a large fraction and tend to show a larger area in less detail because they have fewer miles represented per square inch on a map. B small scale maps have a smaller fraction and represent more area in less detail because they have more miles per square inch on a map represented C large scale maps have a small fraction and show a larger area in more detail D small scale maps have a larger fraction and in general show a smaller area in more detail because they represent fewer miles per square inch than large scale maps E None of the above 8. An example of a primary sector activity is A. education. B. retail sales. C. manufacturing. 9. Global Population is A increasing at 180 million per year C has a growth rate of .5% E none of the above D. mining. E. banking. B similar in growth to a stage 2 pyramid D currently decreasing its doubling time 10. If physiological density is about 100 times the agricultural density then A You have a country that must be having a famine B you have a high percentage of farmers in your countries C the country is most likely not a more developed country D the country is likely developed E both B and C 11. In more developed countries (MDCs), the % of people employed in which sector is increasing? a. the primary sector. b. all three sectors. c. the secondary sector. d. A and C e. the tertiary sector. 12. The difference between stage two and three (beginning of 3) of the demographic transition primarily occurs when A the birth and death rates rise B the death rate rises C the birth rate declines D the death rate declines E None of the above 13. According to Wallerstein’s World-Systems Theory, the tiers into which countries can be classified within the global economy are largely a legacy of what historical process? a. militarism d. domestication b. communism e. feudalism c. imperialism 14. Mr. Lewis frequently A puts his cats in a stroller and takes them for a walk B knocks the books out of freshman girls’ arms C knocks on Dignam’s door and then runs D stars in home movies as the hero nerd boy E all of the above 15. A graph of which line by itself would be the best way to indicate that a country is entering stage 4 A CBR B CDR C RNI D all of the them could be used E none of them 16. The MOST important reason that people are more productive in more developed countries is because they a. work harder. b. are descended from Europeans c. have access to more technology. d. have better access to raw materials e. belong to labor unions 17. The replacement rate is A a CDR of 2.1 B a CBR of 2.1 C an NIR of 2.1 D an NRI of 2.1 E a TFR of 2.1 18. A population pyramid that is rectangular in shape until it tapers off at the top is a sign that the country a) has low emigration b) is in stage 5 of the demographic transition. c) is an LDC d) has low infant mortality. e) is close to zero population growth 19. A country with a CBR of 40 and a CDR of 40 is in what stage of the demographic transition? A one B two C three D four E five 20. Crude in CBR and CDR means A an estimate that can only be crudely guessed because even developed countries cannot keep total track of births or deaths B the total number of people even if they are immigrants or emigrated C the number of births or deaths per 1000 people of any age or sex D the number of births or deaths E none of the above 21. Most of the one billion malnourished people in the world: a) have little power b) have little money c) are women or children d) all of the previous ones e) none of the above 22. The diffusion of the idea of the hamburger to India but with a vegetable patty instead of the religiously prohibited beef is an example of: a) cultural mimicry b) cultural barrier c) stimulus diffusion d) independent invention e) none of the above 23. A pyramid with a wide base which then narrows right away as you go upwards would be a) stage 2 country b) a stage 4 country c) an MDC d) an LDC e) both a and d 24. A pyramid that looks like a rectangle until it gets to the top a) shows a stable population b) is having around 2.1 children per family c) is in stage 3 d) both a and b e) all of the previous are correct 25. What type of processes incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, less technology and generate less wealth in the world economy? a. post-industrial b. periphery c. core d. semi-core e. semi-periphery 26. Which of the following is not an indicator of a country's level of development? A. infant mortality rate B. crude death rate C. age structure D. natural increase rate E. both B and D 27. A population pyramid that has a narrow bottom and gets wider as you get to the older ages (looks kind of like a coffin) reflects a) all developed countries. b) countries in Stage 5 of the demographic transition. c) developing countries. d) high infant mortality. e) none of the above 28. China’s population is still growing (despite having less than 2 children per family on average) because of A of demographic momentum B there are a large number of people at parenting age C there are a small number of people at the higher age brackets that are dying at this time D all of the above (a, b and c) E they have not decreased their TFR below 2.1 yet 29. Highest rates of childish behavior are found in this region. a) room 222 b) room 218 c) the main office d) none of the previous e) all of the previous have high rates 30. Which is true A stage 2 countries have a NIR around 2% and a median age in the late teens B stage 4 countries have a NIR around .5% and a median age in the 30s C stage 3 countries have a NIR around 2% and a median age in the 20s D stage 4 countries have a NIR around -1% and a median age in the 30s E None of the above 31. The pyramid for a stage 2 country will A be rectangular B have a wide base C reflect replacement rate D show more women than men at the top age brackets E all of the above 32. Put down A and stop crying 33. The principal reason Rwanda had a decrease in its natural increase rate in the mid 1990s during a genocide was because of A the country’s growth and development B the declining CDR C the increasing CBR D the increasing CDR E both A and D 34. An example of a secondary sector activity is A) education. B) manufacturing. C) banking. D) retailing. E) mining. 35. One important feature of the world’s population that is most likely going to have the most important future implications A It is increasing at a slower pace B the rapid migration of people from LDCs to MDCs C the most rapid population growth is in the less developed countries D people are uniformly distributed across the globe E many countries now have negative population growth increase rates 36. It is estimated that _____ of the world’s population is seriously malnourished. a) 1/20th b) 1/10th c) 1/6th d) ½ e) none of the previous answers 37) Development prospects are limited in Sub-Saharan Africa because of which of the following? A) a lack of clean drinking water (potable water) due to poor infrastructure B) political instability C) tribalism D) overworked agricultural land and declining output E) all of the above 38. Compared to the line measuring NIR, the population line in the demographic transition a) goes up in stage 4 while the NIR line goes down b) goes up in stage 1 while the NIR line is low c) goes up in stages 1 and 2 with the NIR line going up as well d) stabilizes at a high level in stage 4 as the line for NIR goes down and remains low to zero e) a and b *think about what NIR measures versus what a population line means 39) Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality? A) Women on average have two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs. B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs. C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world. D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southwest Asia & North Africa. E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available. 40) Per capita GDP is a good indicator of all but which of the following? A) the approximate level of material well being in a country B) the number of countries below the poverty level C) the distribution of wealth within a country D) the spatial distribution of global wealth E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life 41) Mr. Lewis is a) asleep b) thinking about what he would do if he were a cat previous e) all of the previous c) drooling d) none of the 42. The phenomenon that the farther a feature diffuses from its origin, the less dominant it becomes is called __________________, while _________________________ tries to explain how the above phenomenon is being altered by modern communication and transportation technologies? a. globalization, sequent occupance b. time-space compression, distance decay c. distance decay, time-space compression d. e. concentric zone, globalization central place, concentric zone 43. Which type of map would have the smallest scale? a. world map b. state map c. continental map d. city map e. country map 44. A city is located on a river that is prone to flooding yet provides trade connections that are right down the river and nearby and that then bring measurable wealth to the city. Which geographic statement would best fit that city? a. The city has a good site but a poor situation. b. The city has a good situation but a poor site. c. The city has flood disadvantages that outweigh the advantages. d. The city should relocate because of the flooding problem. e. None of the above 45. What type of a map shows the extent of a feature (like average income) in formal, bounded regions? a. Choropleth b.dot density c. isoline d. topographic e. cartogram 46. What type of a map shows raw data and allows you to see patterns? a. choropleth b. dot density c. isoline d. topographic e. cartogram 47. Which of the following is NOT a reason that high levels of gender INEQUALITY may cause difficulty in development? a. it leads to smaller family sizes b. it is associated with lower literacy rates and higher infant mortality rates. c. it excludes women from the formal economy, wasting a major economic asset. d. it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women. e. all of the above 48. Which is not a reason that people in MDCs have fewer children a. lower infant and child mortality rates b. tend to live in urban environments performing 3rd sector jobs c. have high rates of labor participation for women d. have uneven development e. have less than 10% of their people engaged in primary level activities 49. As the line for NIR increases, the line for doubling time a) disappears b) decreases c) increases as well previous d) stays the same 50. Meow, meow, meow, meow, meow, meow, meow a) it’s late b) you need another freebie c) Mr. Lewis is seriously weird e) all of the previous e) all of the d) what? 2) The number of people who are too young or too old to work in a society compared to the number of working age people is the A) dependency ratio. B) life expectancy. C) population pyramid. D) sex ratio. E) demographic ratio. 3) Brazil has a lower crude death rate than the Germany because Brazil A) has a higher sex ratio. B) has more hospitals per person. C) has a milder climate. D) is in Stage 4 of the demographic transition. E) has a lower percentage of elderly people. 4) Among countries, the difference between the highest and lowest crude death rates is ________ than the spread between the highest and lowest crude birth rates. A) greater B) less C) the same as D) more related to income E) less dependent on social services 6) Which factor most often causes a voluntary migration? A) economic B) environmental C) international D) cultural E) regional conflicts 7) Which statement most accurately describes the motivations of the historic European and current Latin American immigrants to the United States? A) Motivated primarily by economic factors. B) Most migrants from Europe were fleeing religious persecution while migrants from Latin America are motivated by economic factors. C) Desire to join family members already in the United States. D) Migrants from Europe mostly spoke English while migrants from Latin American mostly speak Spanish. –make more obvious that is true but not motivational –would likely feel comfortable because they would find people that speak their language E) Both were and are motivated by famine in their home country 8) Migration to the United States declined during the 1920s primarily because of A) economic depression in the United States. B) forced migration after World War I. C) imposition of quota laws. D) declining demand for industrial workers. E) declining demand for domestic workers. 9) U.S. quota laws that lasted from the 1920s until the 1960s primarily had the effect of A) virtually ending immigration. B) indirectly causing two world wars. C) dramatically increasing immigration from around the world. D) E) increasing the possibility of migration from regions previously prohibited What was the effect of the change to the quota laws in the the 1960s 10) According to the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, undocumented immigrants were A) permitted to become legal residents. B) increasingly deported if caught. C) encouraged to remain because of shortages of workers. D) no longer eligible for public services in the United States. E) established as guest workers. 11) The largest level of interregional migration in the United States was caused by the A) arrival of Europeans beginning in the 1600s. B) illegal immigration from Latin America. C) immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century. D) opening up of the western territories. E) industrial development in the northeast. 12) The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is A) north to south. B) region to region. C) urban to suburban. D) city to city. E) rural to urban. 13) In the United States, which is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the next few decades? A) NIR of native born population B) 3rd wave immigrants and their descendants C) Declining death rate D) Both A and C E) none of the previous -other answers with the other waves Unlike previous immigrants to the US, the latest immigrants have -lower TFRs 14. The epidemiological transition refers to how A in stage one famines and plagues are the main cause of death B in stage two pandemics recede C in stage three and four an increase in diseases such as heart attacks and cancers D all of the above E none of the above 15. According to the migration transition, migration in modern times corresponds to A stage one countries have people that migrate to stage four countries B stage two countries have people that migrate to stage four countries C stage four countries have low birth rates and people go to them especially if 4's wish to keep their population stable or to get it to increase. D people from stage two countries will never go to countries in stage three E both B and C 16. The following is true A Asian and African countries are in stage three of the demographic transition B Africa is the predominant area for stage two countries C Latin America and Asian countries are largely in stage three and have moderately high NIRs so lots of people from those countries head to America D America is a stage four country but immigrants help to keep the population stable or rising because they have more kids than second or third generation Americans E BCD are all true and A is absolutely false 20. The number of European countries at or above replacement level is: a) 20. b) 10. c) 5. d) 0. e) none of the above 21. At the present rate of births and deaths in the world, we are adding about _____ million inhabitants every year. a) 50 b) 10 c) 75 d) 250 e) none of the above 22. A developed country that has reached a stage where the population is most stable will develop a population pyramid that is __________. a) bell shaped b) pear shaped c) rectangular shaped d) cone shaped e) none of the above 23. Highest rates of infant mortality are found in this region. a) South America b) Central Africa c) East Asia d) Eastern Europe e) North America 24. In the last 50 years, migration in regards to Peru corresponds with the majority of migrants moving to a) The Amazon. b) Ecuador. c) The city of Lima. d) America. e) counter urbanization -relates to Ravenstein –move short distances 27. Which is in the correct order A) German Migration, Quota Acts, Start of the 3rd Wave of Migration, Start of the Great Migration B) German Migration, 3rd Wave of migration, interregional migration west, Quota Acts C) German Migration, Italian Migration, Quota Acts, Amnesty for undocumented immigrants D) Italian Migration, Quota Acts, Beginning of Suburbanization, 3rd Wave of Migration E) Both A and D 28. In 1995, the collapse of which of the following European countries produced the largest refugee crisis in Europe since the end of World War II? a) Turkey b) Yugoslavia c) Greece d) Romania e) Germany 29) Japan is dealing with economic concerns about an aging population by A) increasing the birth rate and encouraging older people and women to work. C) shifting jobs overseas and taking in guest workers D) encouraging immigration and increasing its birth rate E) Shifting Jobs Overseas and Robots and Vending Machines 30 Situation identifies a place by its A location relative to other objects B mathematical location on the earth’s surface C absolute location D unique physical characteristics E none of the above 31. Chain migration of an ethnic group that brings its language to a new area (like Polish people to Chicago) goes along with this type of diffusion A contagious B hierarchical C relocation D stimulus E none of the above **********32. A pyramid for a country that is politically unstable with one of the worst dependency ratio issues in the world likely a) has an NIR at or above 2% b) reflects the longevity gap ******* (1 answer) c) has a natural decrease rate d) will have a median age of 27 e) Both A and B 33. States marked by a blue or red color would be a good way to use a A vernacular region B functional region C nodal region D formal region E none of the above 34. All of the following are effects of globalization except A the growth of the importance of distance decay B time-space compression C uneven development D interdependence E none of the above 35. A small scale map most likely shows A a large area B a small area C more detail D less detail E both d and a 36. In the years before globalization (pre1990), the world had A Less specialization at the local level B More specialization at the local level C No specialization D Equal development distribution E None of the above 37) A physical feature, such as a body of water, which hinders migration is an example of A) an environmental push factor. B) a forced migration. C) an intervening obstacle. D) a cultural pull factor. E) an environmental incentive. 38 This law helps cause chain migration of immigrants from Latin America and Asia a immigration act of 1965 b immigration act of 1968 c family reunification act d global quota act e none of the above Chain Migration –one group follows another 39. How many undocumented immigrants are in the US currently a 1 million b 2 million c 5 million d 11 million e 100 million Reagan – Amnesty -3 million 40. Currently, the world a a is at 2% NIR, has 6 billion people and is adding 75 million people every year b a is at .5% NIR, has 7 billion people and is adding 45 million people every year c a is at 1.2% NIR, has 7 billion people and is adding 75 million people every year d a is at 3% NIR, has 6 billion people and is adding 95 million people every year e none of the above 41. The biggest difference between an IDP and a refugee is a the cause of migration b the Facebook status of the migrant c the type of country they come from d crossing a border e none of the above 42. The biggest difference between a voluntary migrant and a refugee is a the cause of migration b the Facebook status of the migrant c the type of country they come from d crossing a border e none of the above Refugees more likely to include 48. A stage two country would have what kind of population curve on a population graph A J curve B S curve C L curve D no curve E None of the above -Could switch this to a visual of and S , J curve 50. For the last 40 years, the biggest pattern of intraregional migration going on in the world todays is A From LDCs to MDCs B From stage 2 and 3 countries to stage 4 C Rural to Urban in LDCs D Rural to Urban in LDCs and MDCs E All of the above 51. What makes the shape of the population pyramid for a stage 4 country rectangular a) requires a total fertility rate of 2.1 b) requires that the population be at the replacement rate of 2.1 c) is rectangular in shape at the bottom d) will have a median age in the 30s e) all of the above 53 Of the World’s top population concentrations a) Africa has the third largest concentration of people but is growing the fastest b) East Asia is the second largest concentration of people in the world c) The most populous country in East Asia will lower its population growth through restrictions d) The most populous country in the future will be from South Asia e) both c and d 54 In America a) the physiological density is much higher than the agricultural density b) arithmetic density is equal to physiological density plus agricultural density c) arithmetic density has gotten lower in the most recent decades d) agricultural density has gotten higher and higher over the decades e) all of the above 55 Regionally today REPHRASE a) Africa has many second sector jobs and has high population growth as it is in the second stage of the demographic transition b) America dominates the world through its wealth of second sector factory jobs c) Latin American countries have around 1 percent growth or higher and are already very urban d) Asian countries have around 2 percent growth on average and predominantly 2nd sector jobs e) all of the above 56 Demographic momentum means a) that your TFR is right at replacement rate but you are still growing b) that your CDR is even with your CBR but you are still growing due to immigration c) that your TFR is even with your CBR and CDR d) that your TFR can be below replacement but your CBR is above CDR e) none of the above 57 A stage 5 country, theoretically a) would still be growing due to demographic momentum b) is where China will be in the next 5 years c) means that you have ZPG and a TFR of 2.5 d) means that you have an NRI that places you at ZPG and going to a negative RNI -REPHRASE e) none of the above 58 Stage 2 countries could have a) high rates of malaria b) TFRs of around 5 c) relatively high concentrations of orphans d) problems with their dependency ratio e) all of the above 59 Cities around the world are the same in that a) birth rates largely determine their population size b) diseases are much more prevalent in urban areas than in rural areas c) they are all currently growing at small or large rates d) their population growth is primarily determined by migration in and out of the city e) they are all decreasing in size in the last decade 60 An LDCs pyramid has its shape determined by a) a birth rate which determines the top of the pyramid b) longevity which determines its base c) a CBR which determines its base d) longevity which determine its height and width at upper levels e) both c and d 61 The biggest push factor for refugees is often related to this issue a) economic b) environmental c) cultural d) population growth e) none of the above is a relevant push factor 62 Who would be the most likely to migrate to America a) A Turk in his mid 20s b) A Columbian in his early 30s c) A child of 10 in Brazil d) A woman in her 20s in Mexico e) A man in Mexico in his 20s with relatives in the US 63 Which ethnic group is more likely to live in rural America a) Polish b) Greek c) German d) Hispanic e) Asian 64 In what area would a person of German decent most likely live in America (highest probability) a) within a city proper b) in a rural area c) in a heartland state d) in a suburban area e) none of the previous 65) Which is not a deterrent to high birth rates A) a lowered infant mortality rate B) higher eduction levels for women C) rural to urban migration D) economic development E) none of the above are suitable answers 66) Which is true of LDCs and population growth today A) there are fewer countries growing in population today than there were in the early 1700s B) like England, they all go through an industrial revolution as their population explodes C) there are almost no stage 2 countries left in the world today D) LDCs get healthier and experience longer lives first before they develop economically increasing their population explosion E) none of the above 67) The highest crude birth rates are currently found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 68) 43) A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result in an increase in the country's A) total fertility rate. B) life expectancy. C) infant mortality D) doubling time. E) natural increase rate. 69) The principal reason for declining natural increase rates in less developed countries today is A) increasing crude birth rates. B) declining crude birth rates. C) increasing crude death rates. D) declining crude death rates. E) balanced natural increase rates. 70) The population pyramid of a townhome community inFlorida, is "upside down," because the city has a large percentage of A) elderly people. B) young people. C) immigrants. D) females. E) infants. 71) In contrast to the experience of more developed countries, less developed countries entered Stage 2 of the demographic transition through A) creation of higher levels of wealth. B) diffusion of the Industrial Revolution. C) diffusion of medical technology from other countries. D) profound changes in their economic and social systems. E) banking innovations. 72) Gross Domestic Product A) value of goods and services produced in a country B) GDP per capita simply means that you divided up per person in the country C) Does not take into account uneven development D) can be used to compare countries economies E All of the above 73) Gender Development Index NOT DOING THIS A) is a gender sensitive version of the HDI B) helps to explain higher TFRs in some LDCs C) usually gets better as countries develop D) All of the above E) None of the above 74) Most Asians are currently migrating to the United States through the process of A) expansion diffusion. B) brain drain. C) chain migration. D) illegal immigration. E) global relocation. 75) Unlike GDP, GNI takes into account A) uneven devleopment B) goods produced in the country C) services as well as goods D) investments E) none of the above 6) The most populous country in the world is A) China. B) India. C) Russia. D) Indonesia. E) Republic of Congo. 1.2 billion Projected - Why And then what will be (think law) GDP GNI HDI GEM GDI definition and what they measure Order of migration streams and Ethnic groups and where in America with Migration -Germans, Italians, movement to the suburbs, urbanization, great migration, movement to the southern states, Quota Laws 1st wave, 3rd wave -Where do Italians live today (majority) 7) Two-thirds of the world's population is clustered in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions? A) East Asia B) Southeast Asia C) Sub-Saharan Africa D) Europe E) South Asia -would know about this in general –Asia has large part of the world’s population -regions and stages in the demo trans -core Europe, Japan and America (original core of development) -megalopolis 9) The most populous country in the Southeast Asia region is A) Bangladesh. B) China. C) India. D) Indonesia. E) Thailand. -just do the most populous country -Indonesia (largest Muslim) 12) Physiological density is the number of A) acres of farmland. B) farmers per area of farmland. C) people per area of land. D) people per area suitable for agriculture. E) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture. -if agri is half of physio 50% = farmers -first, second, and third sector = 70x higher 13) A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a A) high physiological density. B) low physiological density. C) high agricultural density. D) low agricultural density. E) low arithmetic density. 14) Land suited for agriculture is called A) population density. B) agricultural density. C) physiological density. D) arid land. E) arable land. 15) If the physiological density is much larger than the arithmetic density, then a country has A) inefficient farmers. B) a large number of farmers. C) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture. D) too many people for the available resources. E) too few farmers for the large area of land suitable for agriculture. Airithemetic density = density --could be overpopulated Refugees – cross a border IDP – women and children (Africa Middle East) born refugees (Palestine) territory palestinians IDPs 17) The annual global population growth rate increased slightly approximately ten thousand years ago because of the A) agricultural revolution. B) demographic transition. C) Industrial Revolution. D) medical revolution. E) increase in the crude birth rate. Stage 1 0-.03 ZPG high BR and DR, 5 ZPG to negative 4 3 2 .5% population growth median age in the 30s ZPG 1 to 1.5% median age in the 20s 2% median age is in the teens Doubling time as NIR RNI NRI (regions) World – population – 1.2% 75 million stage 3, peak the 1980s in numbers per year, are we still growing, but less so Stage and pyramids (2 – wide base because of the CBR, longevity a little shorter) lifespan gap is biggest between 2-3 China - demographic momentum Stage 3 is a bit taller, even at the bottom (2 reasons for pyramid at top, Demographic momentum (TFR is below replacement which is 2.1) but the CBR is higher than the CDR – country example that went through this through a law older generation had lots of kids and they are dying off, even at bottom because the younger gen is having fwer kids and more rect) China 21) The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 Traits of stage 2 Orphans, disease, (longevity gap, stages 2 then 3) infectious in stage 2 Diarrhea Diareea 23) Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 -How do you know you have entered a stage 1-5 -All countries have not entered at the same time Economic Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 50% first sector agri, mine 50% second sector factory rd 75-80% 3 sector, service sector 25) For every 1,000 babies born in Burundi in 2008, an estimated 120 of them will have died before reaching their first birthday. The rate of 120 deaths per 1,000 births is known as the A) crude death rate. B) infant mortality rate. C) life expectancy. D) total fertility rate. E) terminal population rate. Child mortality – 5 years infant 1 as it gets lower what happens to TFR 26) More developed countries moved from Stage 1 to Stage 2 of the demographic transition 200 years ago in part because of A) the first agricultural revolution. B) invention of new technology and newer scientific methods used in various fields. C) people moving to cities. D) women choosing to enter the labor force. E) decreasing crude birth rates. England example – check on the wiki Malthus theory and terms Neomalthusians All of the 2s go together- Ind Rev. England 28) The number of people who are too young or too old to work in a society compared to the number of working age people is the A) dependency ratio. B) life expectancy. C) population pyramid. D) sex ratio. E) demographic ratio. Japan’s CDR and LDCs 2050 Japan 90 - 510 - 400 SSA (Africa) has the worst issues with dep ratio Shape of a stage 4 rectanguar why – repl rate, live longer, women outlive men combine with why and steps Rough Draft 30) Japan is dealing with economic concerns about an aging population by A) increasing the birth rate. False B) encouraging older people and women to work. C) shifting jobs overseas. D) encouraging immigration.False E) Robots and vending machine F) Guest Workers False 32) England's population pyramid would most likely resemble that of B) Chile. rest of latin america / South Korea, Asian Countries 33) Townhomes or condos in suburban Florida because it has a large percentage of A) elderly people. B) young people. C) immigrants. D) females. E) infants. 35) In contrast to the experience of more developed countries, less developed countries entered Stage 2 of the demographic transition through A) creation of higher levels of wealth. B) diffusion of the Industrial Revolution. C) diffusion of medical technology from other countries. D) profound changes in their economic and social systems. E) banking innovations. Health than wealth in terms of development Rough 37) The medical revolution has been characterized by A) development of new inventions. B) diffusion of medical practices. C) increased agricultural productivity. D) invention of new medicines. E) increase in the crude birth rate. 38) Which of the following is a difference between the medical and industrial revolutions? A) The medical revolution occurred later than the industrial revolution. B) While they have both lowered death rates, they have had different effects on birth rates. C) The medical revolution took place in less developed countries and the industrial revolution took place in the developed countries. D) all of the above E) None of the above is a real difference. -medical tech transferred to LDCs but IND Rev does not always -countries tend to increase lifespan first (politically stable) and then economic developtment Sudan and refugees 2 countries ethnic/cultural divisions 39) The average number of births women bear in their lifetimes is A) crude birth rate. B) crude death rate. C) total fertility rate. D) natural increase rate. E) increasing in more developed countries. 41) The world's population in 1995 was approximately 6 billion and a steady rate of growth was expected to reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. The period of 45 years is known as A) doubling time. B) life expectancy. C) natural increase rate. D) overpopulation. E) demographic transition. 43) A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result in an increase in the country's A) total fertility rate. B) life expectancy rate. C) D) doubling time. E) natural increase rate. TFR of 2.1 is repl rate which is 2.1 44) When averaged for all less developed countries, which of the following rates is lower than more developed countries on average? A) crude birth rate higher B) crude death rate not usable C) infant mortality rate higher D) natural increase rate higher E) total growth rate none of the above or 45) Costa Rica has a lower crude death rate than the United States because Costa Rica A) has a higher sex ratio. B) has more hospitals per person. C) has a milder climate. D) is in Stage 4 of the demographic transition. E) has a lower percentage of elderly people. 46) Among world countries, the spread between the highest and lowest crude death rates is ________ than the spread between the highest and lowest crude birth rates. A) greater B) less C) the same as D) more related to income E) less dependent on social services 47) Life expectancy is lowest on average in A) Africa. B) East Asia. C) North America. D) Europe. E) Southeast Asia. 51) The principal reason for declining natural increase rates in less developed countries today is A) increasing crude birth rates. B) declining crude birth rates. C) increasing crude death rates. D) declining crude death rates. E) balanced natural increase rates. As become MDCs they get education, jobs gender equality, move to cities and lower infant mortality and that lowers CBR in the last 40 years HDI for all but 4 countries has -has gone up 53) The most lethal epidemic in recent years has been A) avian flu. B) AIDS. C) Diareea D) cholera. E) SARS. 56) The low rate of contraceptive use in Africa reflects the region's A) improving education of women. B) low status of women. C) rapid diffusion of contraceptives. D) all of the above E) A and B 4) Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor? A) economic B) environmental C) cultural D) circulation E) all of the above 7) Several million Irish migrated in the 1840s primarily because A) the English forced them to become refugees. B) disastrous economic conditions pushed them out of the country. C) poor environmental conditions induced them to migrate. D) they were attracted to the United States. E) Spanish invasion threatened their homes. 11) The most important pull factor for migrants to North America today is A) economic. B) environmental. C) forced. D) cultural. E) geomagnetic. Refugees biggest push factor – war or cultural political 12) A physical feature, such as a body of water, which hinders migration is an example of A) an environmental push factor. B) a forced migration. C) an intervening obstacle. D) a cultural pull factor. E) an environmental incentive. opportunity 21) The greatest total number of foreign-born residents can be found in A) China. B) Australia. C) Germany. D) the United States. Family reunification act is the number method -chain migration Waves of immigration who and when NW Euro = first then SandE by the E1900s and then a break due to laws, great depression, WWI,WWII, and then a return happens 70s change a laws during the 60s (Asians, Hispanics) Culture patterns - least diveristy -how is the south now changing -slow down of migrarion benefitted African Americans -went north to work in factories pull factor -what is the culture of rural America and why (diversity, changeability) young people move Before the great depression and after WWI , laws slowed immigration Who are the most likely people to move to another country -20s, 30s, working age, women and men 27) Migration to the United States declined during the 1920s primarily because of A) economic depression in the United States. B) forced migration after World War I. C) imposition of quota laws. D) declining demand for industrial workers. E) declining demand for domestic workers. 28) U.S. quota laws from the 1920s until the 1960s had the effect of A) virtually ending immigration. B) indirectly causing two world wars. C) dramatically increasing immigration from around the world. D) ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe.************* E) increasing the possibility of migration from regions previously prohibited. 29) Brain drain is A) the large-scale emigration of talented people. B) the process by which people are given reference for migration. C) people forced to migrate for political reasons. D) a cultural feature that hinders migration. E) a net decline in literacy. 30) Most Asians are currently migrating to the United States through the process of A) expansion diffusion. B) brain drain. C) chain migration. D) illegal immigration. E) global relocation. Family reunification act 32) Most European guest workers come from which part of Europe? A) north and east B) north and west C) central D) south and west E) south and east -documented / undocumented 37) The largest numbers of recent immigrants to the United States are A) illegal immigrants. B) political refugees. C) relatives of U.S. residents. D) talented professionals. E) guest workers. 38) Recent immigrants to the United States A) are nearly evenly distributed among all states. B) are distributed evenly along the southern U.S. border and the east and west coasts. C) are concentrated in Texas, California, and Illinois. D) are concentrated in a few states according to economic prospects and migrant's country of origin. Asians or Hispanics Why are Italians more likely to live in the suburbs than the city or nrural areas - suburbs versus the city numbers 40) The largest number of legal immigrants to the United States come from what country? A) Cuba B) Mexico C) the Philippines D) South Korea E) Dominican Republic 43) According to the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, undocumented immigrants were A) permitted to become legal residents. B) increasingly deported if caught. C) encouraged to remain because of shortages of workers. D) no longer eligible for public services in the United States. E) established as guest workers. 45) The largest level of interregional migration in the United States was caused by the A) arrival of Europeans beginning in the 1600s. B) illegal immigration from Latin America. C) immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century. D) opening up of the western territories. E) industrial development in the northeast. 47) Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the United States? A) rural to urban B) urban to suburban C) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan D) net emigration from the northeast E) all of the above 50) The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is A) north to south. B) region to region. C) urban to rural. D) city to city. E) rural to urban. 52) Counterurbanization is A) the move from urban core to suburban areas. B) due to expanding suburbs. C) migration to rural areas and small towns. D) the trend of the elderly retiring to rural locations. E) decline of the inner-city infrastructure. 53) In the United States, which is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the next few decades? A) natural increase rate B) net in-migration C) crude birth rate D) declining death rate E) urban expansions 57) The most common environmental threat to people comes from too much or too little water. 63) Historically, the center of population in the United States has moved a long distance to the west but not a long distance to the south. 69) During the 1980s, which country provided the largest number of LEGAL immigrants to the United States? What country has the largest Muslim population? Indonesia One in six Africans comes from this country- Nigeria Rwanda suffered genocide in part because of this issue- Overpopulation What is TFR # of kids a woman has in her life? Roughly what was the TFR of a woman in Rwanda around the time of the genocide? 8 Many of the Migrants to France are this? Muslim Europe and the Middle East have this program for immigrants - Guest Workers What country is an extremely homogeneous country that does not allow for immigration despite an aging population? Japan What is the Infant mortality rate- # of kids that die by age 1 What is a J curve and how does it relate to population growth? Exponential growth What is an S curve - stable growth What would you expect to see in America's population pyramid in the 1960s- bulge from baby boom? How would you expect Maine's population pyramid to look?- Rectangular with a small bottom why?******************************** Why would Japan have a high CDR? 90-510-400 2050 Japan 21. One of the “laws” of migration as derived by Ravenstein states that a) urban residents are more migratory than rural. b) rural residents are more migratory than urban. c) urban residents are less migratory than rural. d) rural inhabitants hardly ever migrate. 22. Ravenstein, in his study of migration, suggested that there is an inverse relationship between the volume of migration and the distance between the source and destination. That is, the number of migrants _____ as the distance they know they must travel increases. a) increases b) decreases c) remains the same d) decreases and then rises 35. In 1995, the collapse of which of the following European countries produced the largest refugee crisis in Europe since the end of World War II? a) Turkey b) Yugoslavia c) Greece d) Romania How do geographers define overpopulation Migration is Permanent move to a new location the largest level of interregional migration in US history was... from the 1960s to 1990s what has been the biggest intraregional migration in the USA What is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the USA over the next few decades Largest legal immigrants to USA are... 10 million illegals here in the USA Sunbelt - Southern states plus warmer states out west Demographic momentum caused by -# of parents -by increases in longevity Sunbelt is for the south Rustbelt is for the Midwest Minority concentrations –where do find diversity Within Europe workers south and the east are more likely to move north and west looking for jobs Most immigrants to Europe come from where? City growth is primarily by migration in -international versus intraregional -MDC versus LDCs Vocab words from unit 1 Time-Space compression Distance Decay Globalization (skim the wiki article) Uneven development Patterns of diffusion Regions (functional, formal, vernacular) 1) One important feature of the world's population with the most significant future implications is that A) the natural increase rate is larger every year. B) there are fewer people in the world now than at the peak in the middle of the twentieth century. C) the most rapid growth is occurring in the less developed countries. D) people are uniformly distributed across Earth. E) the less developed countries have the highest combined crude death rate. CBR CDR – right now versus TFR 3) Which of the following would MOST LIKELY be part of the ecumene? A) Greenland B) the Sahara C) Ganges River Valley Amazon Rainforest E) Himalayas D) a remote part of the 4) Two-thirds of the world's population is clustered in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions? A) East Asia B) Southeast Asia C) Latin America D) Europe E) South Asia 5) Which of the following regions has the highest percentage of its population living in urban areas? A) East Asia B) South Asia C) Southeast Asia D) Europe E) SubSaharan Africa 6) A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a A) high physiological density. D) low agricultural density. B) low physiological density. E) low arithmetic density. C) high agricultural density. -not possible higher agri than physio and what the terms mean (arable land) 7) In the United States A) the physiological density is much higher than the agricultural density. B) arithmetic (population) density is equal to physiological density plus agricultural density. C) arithmetic (population) density has decreased in recent decades. D) agricultural density has increased over the last century. E) all of the above When do we get changes in the demo trans 10) Low population growth resulting from a high CBR and a high CDR is found in what stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 13) Stage 2 countries could have A) higher rates of disease dependency ratio B) TFRs of around 5 C) relatively high concentrations of orphans D) problems with their E) all of the above 14) Demographic momentum A) means that your TFR may be at replacement rate but you are still growing B) means that your CDR is even with your CBR but you are still growing due to immigration C) means that your TFR is even with your CBR and CDR D) means that your TFR can be below replacement but your CBR is above CDR E) none of the above 15) Which of the following could be true of a country along the demographic transition A) it is a stage 2 country with a NIR around 2% and a median age of 27 B) it is a stage 4 country with a NIR around 0.6% and a median age of 35 C) it is a stage 3 country with a NIR around 2.5% and a median age of 27 D) it is a stage 4 country with a NIR around -1.0% and a median age of 35 E) None of the above 20) Thomas Malthus predicted that A) technology will offset population growth. B) the distribution of resources other than food would continue to be a problem. E) Stage 5 C) population would outpace food production. D) the environment would allow less food to be grown in the future. E) the Green Revolution would provide agricultural technology to support increasing populations. 21) Neo-Malthusians believe that the Malthusian thesis is A) less of an issue today than in Malthus’ time. B) no longer an issue as the world has continuously produced more resources as population has grown. C) still relevant since population growth is mostly concentrated in LDCs. D) only relevant regarding the amount of food produced. E) all of the above 22) Most of the one billion malnourished people in the world A) are spread evenly throughout the world. B) are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. C) are women or children. 23) The replacement rate is a(n) A) CDR of 2.1 B) CBR of 2.1 C) NIR of 2.1 D) are in East Asia. E) none of the above. D) NRI of 2.1 E) TFR of 2.1 25) The epidemiological transition refers to how A) in stage one famines and plagues are the main cause of death B) in stage two pandemics recede C) in stage three and four there is an increase in diseases such as heart attacks and cancers D) all of the above E) none of the above 26) Which of the following pairs of measurements has an inverse or negative relationship? A) TFR and IMR . D) IMR and CDR B) CBR and NIR E) IMR and CBR C) HDI and NIR 28) Associated with the East Asian population cluster are ribbon-like extensions of dense population penetrating the interior. These extensions represent A) volcanic areas of good soil. C) basins and lowlands of China's major rivers. B) narrow regions of favorable climate. D) areas where the Chinese Government has forced people to settle. 29) Today, world population doubling time is A) 300 years B) increasing E) steady C) decreasing 31) Between 1650 and 1930 Earth's population increased by A) 4 billion. B) 500,000. C) 6 billion. E) 5 billion 32) Global Population is A) increasing at 180 million per year time B) similar in growth to a stage 2 pyramid D) ten years D) 1.5 billion. D) currently decreasing its doubling E) none of the above C) has a growth rate of 1.2% 2. a. b. c. Geographers refer to the name given to a portion of the Earth’s surface as its geonym d. toposequence toponym e. topography topophilia 3. What allows a phenomenon to be expressed or analyzed at different geographic (local, regional, national or global) levels? a. place d. diffusion b. scale e. cartography c. location Reword 4. a. b. c. Spatial distribution consists of which of the following properties? town, cities, states d. density, concentration, pattern e. region, place, location all of the above none of the above 5. a. b. c. Distortion is greatest on globes. topographic maps large-scale maps. small-scale maps. all maps. 6. Mapping the Earth’s surface on a flat map is called projection. What type of distortion can occur in this transference? The distance between two points may be inaccurate. d. The shape of an area can be distorted. The relative size of different areas may be altered. e. All of the above are true. The direction from one place to another can be distorted. d. a. b. c. 7. d. e. a. b. c. The Spanish language concentrations in the Pilsen and Little Village neighborhoods of Chicago are an example of what type of diffusion? stimulus d. expansion hierarchical e. relocation contagious 8. a. b. c. Which map scale shows the most detail (assume consistent units)? 1:62,500 d. 1:24,000 e. 1:250,000 1:100,000 1:150,000 9. A video that goes “viral on youtube” would most likely be associated with which term best applies? a. time-space compression d. contagious b. hierarchical e. stimulus c. relocation 10. a. b. c. Newspaper delivery areas are an example of which type of region? functional d. formal e. vernacular graphical statistical 11. The ______________ Revolution was the change from handmade production to producing goods by machine; while the ___________________ Revolution was the change from hunting and gathering to the practice of settled agriculture. a. Commercial; Nomadic d. Industrial; Neolithic b. Neolithic; Commercial e. Neolithic; Industrial c. Nomadic; Industrial Industrial Neolithic means the agri rev 12. a. b. c. The linking of different sites by common traits or characteristics is defines as place d. area location e. zone region 13. The phenomenon that the farther a feature diffuses from its origin, the less dominant it becomes is called __________________, while _________________________ tries to explain how the above phenomenon is being altered by modern communication and transportation technologies? a. globalization, sequent occupance d. time-space compression, distance decay b. distance decay, time-space compression e. concentric zone, globalization c. central place, concentric zone reword 14. If an area has objects or events in close proximity to each other within one part, the overall area is said to be what? a. dispersed d. scattered b. have a high density e. regionalized c. clustered condensed 15. Which type of map would have the largest scale? a. world map b. continental map c. country map large scale large number reword d. e. state map city map 16. Twenty-four specific objects transmit complex radio codes, including time signals traveling at the speed of light. You can contact at least 4 of the 24 objects at any time of day or night. The technology described allows the determination of which of the following? a. The amount of detail that can be shown on a topographic map b. Absolute location on the surface of Earth GPS c. d. e. The number of layers that can be accommodated in a geographic information system Distances from radio transmission towers and subsidiary satellite dishes The weather forecast for any area 17. A city is located on a river that is prone to flooding yet provides trade connections that bring measurable wealth to the city. Which geographic statement would best fit that city? a. b. The city has a good site but a poor situation. c. The city has a good situation but a poor site. 18. a. b. c. Which of the following is not an example of a form of expansion diffusion? hierarchical d. contagious relocation e. stimulus functional 19. The concept of the “South” means many things to many people, and many people draw the “South” using different boundaries. This an example of what type of region? a. vernacular d. functional b. uniform e. formal c. nodal 20. Which is NOT an example of a functional region? a. the circulation area of a newspaper particular crop b. the reception area of a local television station franchise c. the market area of a supermarket functional is also nodal –center that gets weaker goes out vernacular, mental map, perceptual -south side formal – bounded area -choropleth 21. All choropleth maps use a. the Mercator projection b. isolines c. shading and coloring -to show the extent of a feature d. the area dominated by a e. area served by a sports d. e. graphs and lines dots 22. a. b. c. Which type of map is best for showing the location and frequency of occurrences within an area? choropleth d. topographic dot map or dot density e. isoline cartogram 23. a. b. c. The center and place of origin of a cultural tradition is called a cultural center d. cultural complex e. cultural trait cultural hearth cultural genesis 24. What type of a map is really a graph of a value represented in the form of a map? a. choropleth -extent of a feature d. dot density -raw data, patterns (cholera) b. isoline e. topographic c. cartogram 25. This type of diffusion occurs when an underlying idea is spread but not necessarily in its original form? a. expansion d. contagious b. hierarchical e. stimulus c. relocation 26. a. b. c. d. e. Per capita GNI is a good indicator of ALL BUT which of the following? the general level of material wealth in a country which countries have the high levels of poverty the potential of a country for providing citizens a comfortable life the distribution of wealth within a country the spatial distribution of global wealth 39. a. b. c. An example of a primary sector activity is education. manufacturing. banking. . d. e. retail sales. mining. primary –out of the ground secondary –factory, manufacturing, assembly, refining tertirary –service plumber or doctor or research 50. According to Wallerstein’s World-Systems Theory, the tiers into which countries can be classified within the global economy are largely a legacy of what historical process? a. militarism d. domestication b. communism e. feudalism c. imperialism 51. According to Wallerstein’s World-Systems Theory, in which of the following countries would core processes NOT dominate economic activity? a. The United States d. France b. Germany e. China c. Japan Theory is from the mid 1900s – at the time 52. What type of processes incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, less technology and generate less wealth in the world economy? a. post-industrial d. periphery b. core e. semi-core c. semi-periphery -by definition of the model that sees trade and capitalism (previously colonialism) as the main –set structure and does not change (constant core and periphery) HDI –parts GII- Gender Inequality Index (GII) reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation. – composite measure which captures the loss of achievement within a country due to gender inequality. Additional for MidTerm (I will go over this in class and make these into MC questions during the day Monday and post that info by the end of the day Monday) Know the demographic differences between refugees and migrants How the characteristics of migrants to the US have changed in recent years The eight historical migration trails and how they may have impacted culture Current migration trends Current refugee trends Refugee issues from WWII to the 1990s and the early 2000s --WWII --Yugoslavia --Collapse of Soviet Union --Rwanda --Sudan --Iraq, Afghanistan --India --Palestinians --Vietnam Recent refugee issues with Central America and Syria Great Migration Brain Drain Globalization and Interdependency Migration Patterns in Europe (Modern Day) PPT for this Malthus and Neo-Malthusians Historical Trends in population -how the earth’s population grew over time -how differing regions of the world reached differing populations over time GDI, GII, HDI, Gini Coefficient, 16) The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people is a A) custom. B) popular culture. C) habit. D) taboo. E) religion 17.) A fundamental difference between pop culture and folk culture is that pop culture A) often sets a minority group apart from a region’s general population B) changes often over time C) tends to diffuse across rural areas D) loses some of its distinctive characteristics as it crosses national boundaries E) represents values 18) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture goes along with A) homogeneous groups. B) sense of family and community C) groups living in isolated rural areas. D) groups that have little interaction with other groups. E) disposable income 18) Folk cultures are spread primarily by A) contagious diffusion. B) hierarchical diffusion C) relocation diffusion D) stimulus diffusion. E) none of the above 19.Why does folk culture use relocation diffusion as its main method of diffusion? 20. Pop culture goes along with technology for all of the following reasons except A-diffuses easily B-technology items can be pop culture C-store and preserve D-can change over time E-none of the above are exceptions 21. What is the primary development required for a society to develop a popular culture? 22) folk customs are more likely than popular customs to A) evolve from the isolation of different groups. B) diffuse through modern communication systems. C) be a part of universalizing religions and not ethnic religions D) have an known source of origin. E) evolve from expansion diffusion 23) In contrast to popular culture, folk cultures are more likely to vary A) from place to place at a given time. B) from time to time at a given place. C) both from place to place and from time to time. D) neither from place to place nor from time to time. E) both A and B 24.) popular customs usually originate from all of the following except A) the availability of more leisure time. B) the application of industrial technology. C) familiar events in daily life. D) high income levels E) all of the above 25) Folk customs most frequently originate in A) more developed countries. B) less developed countries. C) former communist countries. D) equally likely in all of the above E) equally likely in none of the above 26) A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a A) folk culture. B) habit. C) popular culture. D) taboo. E) custom 42) Folk culture is linked to the demographic transition chart in that A) Latin American countries are in stage 2, African countries are in stage 3 and both are more likely to have folk customs that countries in stage 4 B) Folk cultures usually go along with societies that have larger, unified families under patriarchs C) Folk cultures usually have lots of leisure time to develop and maintain traditions D) Women are usually highly valued for their fertility and gain equal rights and respect through this E) All of the above 43) Popular culture is linked to the demographic transition chart in that it A) tends to occur in MDC's B) has family values that have changed to the point where alternate lifestyles and divorce are allowed C) has values that shift over time D) can be expected in countries like the U.S. where women are going to college in larger numbers than men E) All of the above 53. Pop culture requires homogeneous groups mass communication and road networks two of the above disposable income and liesure time the use of local materials 61) A fundamental difference between folk culture and popular culture is that folk culture A) often sets a minority group apart from a region�s general population B) is adaptive to change over time C) tends to diffuse rapidly across geographic space D) loses some of its distinctive characteristics as it crosses national boundaries E) represents universal values 62) Folk cultures are spread primarily by A) contagious diffusion. B) hierarchical diffusion. C) relocation diffusion. D) stimulus diffusion. E) none of the above 63) folk customs are more likely than popular customs to A) evolve from the isolation of different groups. B) diffuse through modern communication systems. C) be a part of universalizing religions and not ethnic religions D) have an known source of origin. E) evolve from expansion diffusion 64) In contrast to popular culture, folk cultures are more likely to vary A) from place to place at a given time. B) from time to time at a given place. C) both from place to place and from time to time. D) neither from place to place nor from time to time. E) both A and B 65) popular customs usually originate from all of the following except A) the availability of more leisure time. B) the application of industrial technology. C) familiar events in daily life. D) high income levels E) all of the above 66) Folk customs most frequently originate in A) more developed countries. B) less developed countries. C) former communist countries. D) equally likely in all of the above E) equally likely in none of the above 81) Folk culture is linked to the demographic transition chart in that A) Latin American countries are in stage 2, African countries are in stage 3 and both are more likely to have folk customs that countries in stage 4 B) Folk cultures usually go along with societies that have larger, unified families under patriarchs C) Folk cultures usually have lots of leisure time to develop and maintain traditions D) Women are usually highly valued for their fertility and gain equal rights and respect through this E) All of the above 82 Popular culture is linked to the demographic transition chart in that it A) tends to occur in MDC's B) has family values that have changed to the point where alternate lifestyles and divorce are allowed C) has values that shift over time D) can be expected in countries like the U.S. where women are going to college in larger numbers than men E) All of the above