Download Human systems Notes with answers 2010

Name________________________________________Date_____________________________
Systems of the Human Body
Organization, Support and Movement of the Body
A human being is a complex organism made up of many different body systems. Each
system carries out a specific life process.
Types of cells: Each type is designed to perform a different function. Label the following cells
found in the human body:
1. Cheek lining
2. Throat Lining
3. Muscle
4. Red Blood cells
5. Nerve
Tissues A group of similar cell acting together forms a tissue. Skin tissue covers the body.
Muscle tissue produces body movements.
Types of human tissue and their functions:
Tissue
Function
Blood
Bone
Muscle
Transports materials
Supports and protects body and organs
Helps body to move, circulation, digestion & respiration
Nerve
Carries messages
Skin
Covers and protects
Organs. A group of tissues working together forms an organ.
Heart
Kidney
Pumps Blood
Removes wastes from blood
Stomach
Brain
Breaks down food
Controls thinking
Exchanges gases with the environment
Lung
Organ Systems. A group of organs acting together to carry out a specific function makes up an
organ system.
System
Function
Ex. of organs/parts
Skeletal
Muscular
Supports body/protects
Skull, ribs
Moves organs & body parts
Muscles in
arms/legs
Brain, spinal
cord
Adrenal glands
Hypothalamus
gland
Nervous
Controls body activities,
carries/interprets messages
Endocrine
Regulates body temp., metabolism,
development & reproduction
Digestive
Circulatory
Respiratory
Excretory
Reproductive
Integumetary
Breaks down food to a usable form
Stomach, intestines
Carries materials to cells and waste
materials away from cells
Gas exchange
Heart, arteries
Removes wastes
Kidneys, skin
Produces offspring
Ovaries, testis
Protects against injury, infection and fluid Skin, hair, nails
loss
The Skeletal System
Label bones of the human skeletal system:
Skull
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Phallanges
Collarbone
Sternum
Pelvis (hip)
Femur
Tibia/Fibia
Carpals
Lungs, bronchi
Cartilage, unlike bone, is made of a softer, more flexible tissue. Cartilage acts as a cushion
between bones, and provides flexibility at the ends of bones.
Where one bone meets another, a Joint is formed. Most joints allow the bones to move.
Examples of joints in the human body:
Ball & Socket
Hinge
Immovable Joints
Ligaments- At moveable joints, the bones are held together by strips of tissue called ligaments.
Ligaments attach bone to bone.
Tendons- Bones are moved by muscles, which are attached to bones by tendons. Therefore,
tendons attach the muscle to bone. Example: Achilles tendon in the back of the lower leg.
The Muscular System
Muscles are masses of tissue that contract to move bones or organs. There are 2 types of
muscles:
1. Voluntary- Skeletal muscles, which move bones, are examples of this type. These
muscles are controlled by our will. The muscles in the face
and around the eyes are also voluntary muscles.
2. Involuntary- These muscles are not under our conscious control.
Two types are cardiac and smooth.
Smooth muscle is found in the respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems. Smooth muscle
aids in breathing , controlling blood flow and movement of food.
The Nervous System
There are 4 main parts to this system: Match the part to its function
B 1. brain
A 2. spinal cord
D 3. nerves
C
a. channels nerve impulses to and from the brain, control automatic
responses such as pulling your hand a way from a flame
b. receives and interprets nerve impulses(messages) and controls
thinking, voluntary action, and some involuntary actions such as
breathing and digestion
c. skin, eyes, ears, nose and tongue; receive info. from the
environment
4. sense organs
d. provide a means of communication between the sense organs, brain,
spinal cord, and muscles and glands.
Label the main parts of the Nervous System:
Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves
The Endocrine System
The Endocrine system is made up of Glands. A gland is an organ that makes and secretes
chemicals called hormones. Example: When you become afraid your adrenal gland secretes
adrenaline which makes your heart beat faster, increases your blood pressure and blood flow.
Label the major glands of the endocrine system:
Pineal
Pituitary
Thyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
The Digestive System
Label the digestive tract and the accessory organs:
Salivary
glands
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gall Bladder
Bile Duct
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Appendix
Digestive juices are secreted into the digestive tract to aid in digestion of food:
Organ
Digestive juice
Foods acted on
Mouth
Stomach
Saliva
Starches
Gastric juices
Proteins
Small Intestine
Pancreas
Intestinal Juices
Pancreatic juices
Sugars, Proteins
Protein, Starches, Fats
Bile
Fats
Liver
Note: Bile and pancreatic juice are secreted by the liver and pancreas into the small intestine,
where digestion occurs.
The digestive system breaks down food 2 ways:
1. Physical— chewing & muscle action in the digestive tract
2. Chemical— enzymes found in digestive juices
Solid materials( called feces ) that are not digested or absorbed by the small intestines pass on to
the large intestines and are expelled from the body.
The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System transports nutrients to all of the cells in the body.
The components of the circulatory system are the blood , heart
Blood vessels , lymph, and lymph vessels.
Blood= red and white blood cells + platelets. The blood also carries dissolved nutrients, wastes,
and hormones.
Label the human heart and color the veins blue and the arteries red:
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Label the pathways of the blood through the circulatory system: Color the veins blue and the
arteries red.
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory system provides oxygen to the cells. Cells use this oxygen in the process of
cellular respiration. Nutrients from digested food combine with the oxygen to
release__Energy____________. The waste materials produced include carbon dioxide__ and
water.
Respiration is a process that brings _oxygen__ from the air to the blood, and returns carbon
dioxide from the blood to the air. This process takes place in all body cells.
Label the main parts of the Respiratory System:
Trachea
Bronchial Tubes
Aveoli
In the lungs respiratory gases are exchanged- oxygen enters the blood while carbon dioxide
leaves the blood and is breathed out, exhaled.
The oxygen that enters the blood is carried to the __cells___ of the body, where an exchange of
gases takes place again. Oxygen leaves the blood and enters the ___cells____. Carbon Dioxide
leaves the cells and goes into the blood.
The blood carries the CO2 back to the Lungs_ to be exhaled.
The Excretory System
This system is responsible for removing ___Wastes_____ from the body.
List the organs that make up the excretory system:
Organ
Function
Lung
Removes CO2 and water vapor
Skin
Removes salt when we perspire
Liver
Produces urea(broken down proteins)
Kidneys
Removes wastes from blood
The Reproductive System- Label the Male and Female Reproductive Organs
Function: TO produce offspring
Male Gonads: (testes)- Involved in Meiosis
Female Gonads: (Ovaries)- Involved in Meiosis
Male Gametes: ex: sperm, 23 chromosomes found here(haploid cells)
Female Gametes: Egg or ovum, 23 chromosomes found here,(haploid cells)