Download I - Sidney Public Schools

Chapter 10 : Elections and Campaigns
*I. Election Campaigns
A. Two Phases (p. 238)
1.
2.
B. Electoral College Debate, Constitutional Convention, and George Washington
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C. Article II
1.
2.
*II. Origin of Parties
A. The Constitution and Parties-American System not designed for parties, Constitution will have to
be altered to meet the demands of political parties
1.
B. The Founders
1. Faction- A group of citizens, either a majority or minority that pursues its own interests at
the expense of the public good
2. Madison (Federalist #10) –
3. Washington
a. Farewell Address
b. Second Term
C. The First Parties
1. Democrat-Republicans (Republicans)-
2. Federalists-
D. Parties, the Electoral College, and the Election of 1800
1.
1
E. Aftermath of the Election of 1800
1. 12th Amendment-
2. Revolution of 1800-
*III. To the Polls Ye Sons of Liberty Packet
A. Constitutional Convention
1.
B. Original System
1.
C. 1st Election
1.
D. Mute Tribune
1.
E. Rise of Parties
1.
F. Crisis of 1800
1.
G. Vote in the House
1.
H. 12th Amendment
1.
I. States Choosing Electors
1.
J. Winner Takes All System-winner takes all system in which candidate who wins popular vote in
state wins all their electoral votes
1.
K. 1824 Election
1.
L. 1868 Election
1.
M. Stumbling Block or Safeguard?
1.
2
IV. Role of the Party (p. 234)
A. Party Caucus1.
2.
B. THEN- National Conventions
1.
2.
C. THEN-Primaries
1.
2.
D. NOW
1.
2.
V. Campaigns Today
A. Campaign Workers
1.
2.
3.
4.
B. Role of Money
1.
2.
C. Media Messages
1.
2.
D. Emotional Appeals
1.
2.
3
VI. Better or Worse
A. Polling
1.
2.
B. Micro-Targeting
1.
2.
C. Get out to Vote Campaigns
1.
2.
D. Campaign Consultants
1.
2.
E. Fundraising
1.
2.
VII. Campaigns Here and Abroad
A. Two Phases
1.
2.
B. Individual v. Organizational Effort
1.
2.
C. Role of Parties
1.
2.
4
VIII. Presidential v. Congressional Campaigns
A. Competitiveness
1.
2.
B. Incumbents
1.
C. Voters
1.
2.
D. Constituents
1.
E. Deniability
1.
2.
F. Coattails
1.
2.
G. Mid-Term Elections
1.
2.
H. 2010 Elections (p.253)
1.
2.
IX. Running for Office
A. Getting Mentioned
1.
2.
B. Time Commitment
1.
2.
3.
5
C. Money
1.
2.
D. Organization
1.
2.
E. Strategy and Themes/Four T’s
1.
2.
3.
4.
X. Getting Elected to Congress
A. Primaries- Election to narrow a party’s slate of candidates to a single person
1.
2.
B. Plurality1.
C. Types of Primaries (p.247)
1. Closed-
2. Open-
3. Blanket-
4. Runoff-
XI. House Elections
A. Incumbency Advantage
1.
2.
B. Qualifications and Term (p.245)
1.
2.
6
C. Constitution and Membership- originally there were 64 members and the number rose
exponentially until it arrived at the number 435
1.
2.
3.
D. Congressional Districts
1.
2.
D. Creation of Districts
1. Apportionment- process of determining the number of Reps. to which each state is due
a.
2. Malapportionment- Creating districts of unequal size in population
a.
3. Redistricting- The process of setting up new district’s boundaries after apportionment
a.
4. Gerrymandering -drawing a districts boundary for political gain
a.
b.
D. Court Cases-Districts must be comparable in size based on one person-one vote rule
1.
2.
3.
XII. Senate Elections
A. Membership- Two members from each state; 100 members total
1. Used to be called the “millionaire club”
2.
B. Qualifications and Term (p.245)
1.
2.
D. 17th Amendment
1.
2.
7
XIII. Staying in Office (p.243-244)
A. Winning Primaries1.
2.
B. Sophomore Surge1.
2.
C. Marginal and Safe District
1.
2.
D. Staying in Office1.
2.
3.
4.
XIV. Primary v. General Elections
A. Primary Voters
1. Primaries-to win the primary you must appeal to your base and win the initial states
a. Early in primaries are extremely important: winning the Iowa Caucus and New
Hampshire Primary brings in money and political support
b. Primary voters are more conservative and liberal than average voter
B. Obtaining Delegates
1. Delegates per State/Formula
2. Choosing Delegates
3. SuperdelegatesC. Iowa and New Hampshire
1. Iowa
2. New Hampshire
D. Primaries v. Caucuses
1. Primariesa. Open Primaryb. Closed Primaries
2. Caucuses 8
E. The Problem with Iowa
1.
2.
F. Clothespin Vote
1.
2.
G. Frontrunners
1.
2.
XV. Road to Nomination
A. Qualifications
Constitutional:
Personal:
Politically:
Other:
B. Getting Mentioned by going to Iowa and New Hampshire
1.
2.
C. Time Commitment/Unemployed or Underemployed
1.
2.
*D. Outsider?
1.
2.
E. Primaries to National Convention
1. Purpose (3 things)
a.
2.
9
XVI. Electoral College (p. 376-377)
A. Essential Facts
1. Per State2. Total
3. 23rd Amendment-gave Washington D. C. resident 3 electoral votes
B. Electors Assemble1.
2. Faithless Electors
C. Role of House
1.
2.
D. Winner-Takes All-System
1.
2. Maine and NebraskaE. Small State Advantage
1.
2.
F. Reform
1.
2.
*G. 2000 Election (Cliff hanger, The role of 3rd parties, Florida Vote Controversy, the S.C.)
1.
2.
XVII. General Election Strategy
A. Return to Center- Once primary is won, candidate must get back to middle as soon as possible
and try to be able to respond to opponent’s use of radical rhetoric
1. To receive a party’s nomination you need ideologues, the moderate to win the general
a. Moderates lose in primary although they might do better in general
b. {--------------------|----------------------}
Liberal
Conservative
B. Strategy for Choosing a Vice President
1.
2.
10
C. Swing States
1.
2.
D. Swing Voters
1.
2.
E. Sleeping Giant
1.
2.
F. Base/Issues
1.
2.
G. Position Issues v. Valence Issues1.
2.
XVIII. Television, Debates, and Direct Mail (p. 246--249)
A. Whistle Stops1.
B. Television
1.
2.
C. Spots-little known candidate can increase his/her visibility through spots
1.
D. Visuals-are a vital part of campaigns because unlike spots they do not cost any money and save
vital resources
1.
E. TV Debate
1.
F. Slips/Gaffes1.
2.
G. Direct Mail
1.
11
XIX. Financing Election Campaigns (p. 249-256)
A. Money-powerful CA Congressman once observed that “money is the mother’s milk of politics.”
1.
B. Source of Money1. presidential candidates get half from private donors and half from government
a. matching money is limited, in 1996 it was $61.8 million
2.
C. Campaign Finance Rules-designed to level the playing field
1.
2.
D. Matching Funds
1.
2.
E. Independent Expenditures –does not limit amount that is spent opposing a candidate so as long
as this spending was “independent’ or not coordinated with the opposing candidate’s campaign
1. Allows for indirect support of candidate usually thru attack ads
2. Ad may tell you about individual but cannot tell you to vote for or against candidate
3.
F. Hard and soft money-donations that go directly to candidate for his/her elections
1. Hard money-compromised of donations that go directly to candidate for his/her elections
a. Regulated money that FEC is in control of
b. Must be publicly disclosed quarterly
2. Soft money-expenditures given to party organizations that are supposed to be used for
party building; staff, computers, issue ads, get us to vote campaigns
a. Unregulated money that FEC has no control of
G. McCain/ Feingold Bill (Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2009)
1. principles-passed in 2000 by bi-partisan effort and is established on 3 guiding principles
a.
b.
c.
2. Soft Moneya.
3. Hard Moneya.
4. Independent Expenditures-were to be heavily restricted
a.
12
H. New Sources of Money
1.. We now have 527 ads that operate outside scope of these laws
2.
I. Landmark Financing Elections Rulings
1. Buckley v. Valeoa.
2. McConnell v. FECa.
3. FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life Inc.a.
4. Citizens United v. FECa.
J. Presidential Funding v. Congressional Funding
1.
2.
XX. What decides the Election
A. Party
1.
2. Straight Party ticket- voters choosing only candidates from one political party
3. Weak Party-voters- only vote straight-ticket when unsure on candidates
B. Issues
1.
2.
C.. Prospective Voting v. Retrospective Votinga.
b.
D. The Campaign
1. Partisan Loyalties2. Handling Pressure3. Character and ValuesE. Negative ads
1.
13
2.
F. Finding a Winning Coalition
1.
2.
3.
XXI. Effects of Elections on Policy (p. 264-266)
A.
1.
2.
B.
1.
2.
C.
1.
2.
D.
1.
2.
14