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Integrated Science How Much is a Billion? Names _______________________________________ (Do with ONE partner or by yourself) Key Question: There are about 200 billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy. If you could shrink a star to about 0.5 mm (pencil lead thickness), how large a box would you need to hold 200 billion? Estimate _________________________________________________ Materials: Cubic centimeter box aluminum pellets circle pattern sheet Procedure 1. Fill your cubic centimeter box with the aluminum pellets. 2. Pour them onto the circle pattern sheet. Putting 10 pellets in each circle, count the number of pellets that fit in the cubic centimeter (cc) box. ______________ pellets 3. Write your number on the board. Analysis 1. How many pellets would fit in one liter? ______________ pellets One liter = 1000 cubic centimeters, so multiply the pellets in one cc x 1000) 2. How many liter water bottles would you need to contain 1 billion pellets? Divide 1,000,000,000 by your answer in Q #1 above. _______________ liter bottles 3. How many cubic meters are needed to contain 1 billion pellets? Divide 1000 by many pellets fit in the cubic centimeter. (There are 1,000,000 cc in one cubic meter and) _______________ cubic meters 1,000,000,000 ÷ 1,000,000 = 1000) 4. How many cubic meters would you need to hold 200 billion pellets? Multiply above by 200. _______________ cubic meters for 200 billion pellets Questions 1. Our classroom is 15 meters by 12 meters by 3 meters. Calculate the volume of our classroom. (V = L x W x H) Classroom = ___________ cubic meters 2. Compare your answer above with Analysis Question #4. Would 200 billion of the aluminum pellets fit in our classroom? ____________ (Yes or No) 3. A single penny weighs about 2.5 grams. How much would 1 billion pennies weigh? Multiply 2.5 x 1,000,000,000 ________________________________________ grams How much would 200 billion pennies weigh? Multiply above by 200 _______________________________________ grams Which weighs more, a 747 Jet Airplane or 200 billion pennies? A 747 Jet Airplane weighs 160,000,000 grams ________________________ 8 (= 1.6 x 10 ) 4. A single penny is about 0.13 centimeters. How high a stack would 1 billion pennies be? Multiply 0.13 x 1,000,000,000 _______________________________________ cm How high would 200 billion pennies be? Multiply above by 200 ________________________________________ cm Would a stack of 200 billion pennies reach the moon? The moon is 10,000,000,000 cm away (= 1.0 x 1010 ) Yes or No ? 5. There are an estimated 100,000,000,000 (1.0 x 1011 or 100 billion) galaxies in the universe, each with an average of 100 billion stars. Using your answer from Analysis Question #3 (how many cubic meters could hold 1 billion pellets), how large a container would you need to hold all the stars in all the galaxies? Multiply 100 billion x 100 billion x your answer to Analysis Q#3 _______________________________ cubic meters 6. If all the stars in our galaxy were shrunk to about 1 mm in diameter (the size of an aluminum pellet) how far apart would these pellet-size stars be? Assume the average distance between stars is 2 light years or 12 x 1012 miles, and the average star’s diameter is about 1.6 x 1011 mm. Use this ratio: 1 mm 1.6 x 1011 mm = x miles apart 12 x 1012 miles x = ________________ miles apart Our closest star, proxima Centauri, is 4 light years away, or two times x above. If our sun and proxima Centauri were pellet-sized, they would be ____________ miles apart! (Multiply x by 2) 7. If they’re so little and so far apart, why are stars still visible to us?
