Download Fusion Review Han China World History/Napp A. Confucianism It is

Fusion Review Han China
A. Confucianism
B. Emperor Wudi
C. Paper
D. Limited Social Mobility
E. Civil Service Examination
F. Silk Road
G. Status of Women in Han Dynasty
H. The Five Relationships
I. Status of Merchants in Han Dynasty
J. Value of Horses
World History/Napp
It is the cornerstone of Confucianism:
Emperor-subject, father-son, husband-wife,
elder brother-younger brother, and friendfriend – four of the five are unequal and
consist of a superior and an inferior. A
person must know his/her place and act
accordingly. __________
They were greatly valued by the Chinese
cavalry. They increased the speed by which
troops could move and gave China an
advantage over neighboring kingdoms.
__________
It connected China to the Eastern
Mediterranean coast. It allowed for the
movement of Chinese goods like silk and
porcelain to foreign markets. __________
He established an imperial academy to train
young men for government service. He also
established Confucianism as the basis for
correct official and individual conduct and
for the educational curriculum. __________
They had very low status because men were
favored in Confucianism. Indeed, they only
appeared in one relationship in the Five
Relationships and then only as inferiors.
___________
It was a reason for the Chinese to become
very interested in trade with Central Asian
nomads. It greatly improved the Chinese
military’s victories on the battlefield. ______
It was a test for government service. It was
a rigorous examination but if passed, it
could elevate even a poor man to high
status. It was used by the Han Dynasty.
_________
They had low status in Han China because
they were seen as being social parasites,
profiting from the work of others. ________
This philosophy encouraged inferiors to
obey superiors and superiors to set good
examples and lead benevolently. It was also
adopted by the Han Dynasty. __________
It was an overland trading route of luxury
goods that connected Eurasia. Chinese
goods were transported on it. __________
Under the Han dynasty, society was divided
into four main social classes. What was the
lowest social class?
(1) Farmers
(2) Craftsmen
(3) Civil servants
(4) Merchants
In order to enter the civil service in Han
society, a man needed to:
(1) serve in the army for four years
(2) be related to a civil servant
(3) pass an examination
(4) be of noble birth
Which of the following was invented by the
ancient Chinese?
(1) Gunpowder
(2) The wheelbarrow
(3) The compass
(4) All of the above
Who was Confucius?
(1) A Legalist philosopher
(2) A scholar
(3) An emperor
(4) A governor
The concept of the “mandate of heaven”
suggests that:
(1) all Chinese emperors could go to Heaven
(2) peasants and slaves could not go to
heaven
(3) heaven chose the emperors to rule China
(4) all Chinese citizens could go to heaven
In 139 B.C.E., the Chinese emperor
dispatched Zhang Qian to central Asia to
(1) open the silk roads.
(2) seek allies against the Xiongnu.
(3) buy large and strong horses.
(4) spy on his enemies.
(5) None of these answers is correct.
Which of the following is NOT true with
regard to the silk roads?
(1) The silk roads actually had nothing to do
with silk.
(2) Because of the silk roads, silk garments
became popular among wealthy Romans.
(3) The silk roads linked much of Eurasia.
(4) The silk roads also carried fine spices.
Which philosophy became China’s official
philosophy under Han emperor, Wudi?
(1) Legalism
(3) Buddhism
(2) Confucianism
(4) Daoism
The examination system in Han China
allowed for limited social mobility because
(1) it allowed a man or a woman to improve
his/her social status through the passing of a
rigorous examination for government
service
(2) it only allowed the sons of merchants to
take rigorous government examinations for
government service but only if they could
afford the fees for the examinations
(3) the examination was only administered
to wealthy nobles and nobility was
determined solely by birth
(4) depending on a person’s karma and
current caste designation, a person might be
allowed to take the examination for
government service
(5) any man was allowed to take the
examination for government service and if a
man passed the examination, even a poor
man, he was rewarded with government
service and thus rose in status but few poor
men could afford the tutors and training
necessary to pass the rigorous examinations
and thus few poor men became government
officials
Chinese goods like silk and porcelain
travelled on this route
(1) the Silk Road
(3) the Atlantic Circuit
(2) the Great Wall (4) the Arctic Circle
“Emperor Wudi’s government employed more than 130,000 people. The bureaucracy
included 18 different ranks of civil service jobs, which were government jobs that civilians
obtained by taking examinations. At times, Chinese emperors rewarded loyal followers
with government posts. However, another way to fill government posts evolved under the
Han. This method involved testing applicants’ knowledge of Confucianism – the teachings
of Confucius, who had lived 400 years before.
The early Han emperors had employed some Confucian scholars as court advisers, but it
was Wudi who began actively to favor them. Confucius had taught that gentlemen should
practice ‘reverence [respect], generosity, truthfulness, diligence [industriousness], and
kindness.’ Because these were exactly the qualities he wanted his government officials to
have, Wudi set up a school where hopeful job applicants from all over China could come to
study Confucius’s works. After their studies, job applicants took formal examinations
in history, law, literature, and Confucianism. In theory, anyone could take the exams. In
practice, few peasants could afford to educate their sons. So only sons of wealthy
landowners had a chance at a government career. In spite of this flaw, the civil service
system begun by Wudi worked so efficiently that it continued in China until 1912.”
~ World History
1- Why did Emperor Wudi want job applicants for government service to study
Confucianism?
2- Who could take the examination?
3- Why did few sons of peasants take the examinations for government service?
4- Why did the examination system last until 1912?
5- Was the author of the text accurate when he wrote that “anyone could take the exams”?
Was there a group of people completely excluded from taking the exams? If yes, why was
this group excluded?
6- Patriarchy means male dominance. In a patriarchal society, women are viewed as
inferior to men. Was the examination system patriarchal? Explain your answer.
7- How did Confucianism favor men over women?
8- How did the examination system perpetuate the low status of women?
Papermaking
“People in ancient China wrote on pottery, bones, stone, silk, wood, and bamboo. Then,
about 2,000 or more years ago, the Chinese invented paper. They began to use plants,
such as hemp, to make thin paper. In A.D. 105, Ts’ai Lun, a Han official, produced a
stronger paper by mixing mulberry bark and old rags with hemp fiber.
The art of papermaking slowly spread to the rest of the world. First, it moved east to
Korea and Japan. Then, it spread westward to the Arab world in the 700s, and from
there to Europe.” ~ World History
1- What did the Chinese originally write on?
2- When did the Chinese invent paper?
3- What did the Chinese use to make thin paper?
4- How did Ts’ai Lun, a Han official, improve the making of paper?
5- Where did the art of papermaking first move?
6- How did the Europeans receive the art of papermaking?
7- Why did the art of papermaking spread?
Additional Questions:

How did Wudi encourage learning?

What role did women play in Han society?

How important were Confucian teachings in the lives of people of the Han Empire?
Provide details to support your answer.

Why was agriculture considered the most important and honored occupation in
Han China?

Review the five qualities Confucius said gentlemen should have. Write one sentence
for each describing the action a government official could take to demonstrate the
quality.