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CLASSIFICATION (Chapter 18) 1. To better understand life’s diversity, biologists use classification to study relationships among species. Taxonomy is the branch of biology that places organisms into groups based on similarities: structure, breeding behavior, food-getting, geographical distribution, cellular structure, & DNA analysis. 2. There are 7 different levels of classification that range from kingdom - the group of organisms with the most general characteristics in common to species - the group of organisms that look alike & can successfully interbreed in nature & produce fertile offspring. kingdom -> phylum (division) -> class -> order -> family -> genus -> species 3. To identify a species worldwide, scientists use a 2-word naming system in Latin called binomial nomenclature. These 2 words are the organism’s scientific name. The first word identifies genus & is capitalized & the second word identifies the species & is not capitalized. The scientific name should be underlined or italicized. (Homo sapiens - human, Canis lupus - wolf, Rana pipiens - leopard frog, Panthera leo - lion, Felis domesticus housecat, Iguana iguana - iguana) 4. Organisms also have common names. They are often misleading & confusing on a worldwide scale. (jellyfish, seahorse, etc.) 5. The 6 kingdoms of organisms are: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.
