Download Insertion - Fisiokinesiterapia

Gluteal Muscles
1. Gluteus maximus
maximus..
2. Gluteus medius
medius..
3. Gluteus minimus
minimus..
4. Tensor fasciae latae
latae..
5. Piriformis
Piriformis..
6. Superior gemellus
gemellus..
7. Inferior gemellus
gemellus..
8. Obturator internus
internus..
9. Quadratus femoris
femoris..
Gluteus maximus
¾ Origin:
1. Outer surface of ilium
ilium..
2. Posterior surface of sacrum.
3. Sacrotuberous ligament.
¾ Insertion:
1. Ilio
-tibial tract.
Ilio-tibial
2. Gluteal tuberosity of femur.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Inferior gluteal nerve.
¾ Action:
A. Extension of the hip joint.
B. Lateral rotation of the hip joint.
C. Maintenance of the extended knee joint.
Gluteus medius
¾ Origin:
Outer surface of ilium
ilium..
¾ Insertion:
Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of
femur
¾ Nerve Supply:
Superior gluteal nerve.
¾ Action:
A. Abduction of the thigh (with gluteus minimus
and tensor fasciae latae
).
latae).
B. Medial rotation of the thigh (anterior fibers).
Gluteus minimus
¾ Origin:
Outer surface of ilium
ilium..
¾ Insertion:
Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of
femur
¾ Nerve Supply:
Superior gluteal nerve.
¾ Action:
A. Abduction of the thigh (with gluteus medius
and tensor fasciae latae
).
latae).
B. Medial rotation of the thigh (anterior fibers).
Tensor Fasciae Latae
¾ Origin:
Outer lip of iliac crest.
¾ Insertion:
Through the ilio
-tibial tract to the lateral
ilio-tibial
condyle of the tibia
¾ Nerve Supply:
Superior gluteal nerve.
¾ Action:
A. Abduction of the thigh (with gluteus medius
and minimus
).
minimus).
B. Maintenance of the extended knee (with
gluteus maximus
).
maximus).
Piriformis
¾ Origin:
Anterior surface of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral
vertebrae.
¾ Insertion:
Upper border of the greater trochanter of
femur
¾ Nerve Supply:
Anterior rami of the 1st and 2nd sacral nerves.
¾ Action:
Lateral rotation of the thigh (hip joint).
Superior gemellus
¾ Origin:
Spine of ischium
ischium..
¾ Insertion:
Through the tendon of the obturator internus
internus,,
it is inserted into the upper border of the
greater trochanter of femur.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Nerve to obturator internus
internus..
¾ Action:
Lateral rotation of the thigh (hip joint).
Inferior gemellus
¾ Origin:
Upper margin of ischial tuberosity
tuberosity..
¾ Insertion:
Through the tendon of the obturator internus
internus,,
it is inserted into the upper border of the
greater trochanter of femur.
¾ Nerve Supply
Supply::
Nerve to quadratus femoris
femoris..
¾ Action:
Lateral rotation of the thigh (hip joint).
Obturator internus
¾ Origin:
Inner surface of obturator membrane
and surrounding bones.
¾ Insertion:
Upper border of the greater trochanter of
femur
¾ Nerve Supply:
Nerve to obturator internus
internus..
¾ Action:
Lateral rotation of the thigh (hip joint).
Quadratus Femoris
¾ Origin:
Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
tuberosity..
¾ Insertion:
Quadrate tubercle of the femur
¾ Nerve Supply:
Nerve to quadratus femoris
femoris..
¾ Action:
Lateral rotation of the thigh (hip
joint).
Muscles:
Muscles of the Anterior
Compartment of the Thigh
1.
Sartorius.
1.Sartorius.
2.
Iliacus.
2.Iliacus.
3.
Psoas major.
3.Psoas
4.
Pectineus.
4.Pectineus.
5.
Quadriceps Femoris
5.Quadriceps
Femoris..
Sartorius
¾ Origin:
Anterior superior iliac spine.
¾ Insertion:
Upper part of the medial surface of the
shaft of the tibia.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Femoral nerve.
¾ Action:
A. Flexion, abduction and lateral rotation
of the thigh.
B. Flexion and medial rotation of the leg.
Iliacus
¾ Origin:
Iliac fossa
fossa..
¾ Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of the femur.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Femoral nerve.
¾ Action:
A.
Flexion of the thigh.
A.Flexion
B.
Helps in Medial rotation of thigh.
B.Helps
Psoas major
¾ Origin:
Transverse processes and sides from
12th thoracic to 5th lumbar vertebrae.
¾ Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of the femur.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Branches from lumbar plexus.
¾ Action:
A. Flexion of the thigh.
B. Helps in Medial rotation of thigh.
Pectineus
¾ Origin:
Superior pubic ramus
ramus..
¾ Insertion:
Upper end of linea aspera of femur.
¾ Nerve Supply:
1. Femoral nerve.
2. Obturator nerve.
¾ Action:
A. Flexion of the thigh.
B. Adduction of the thigh.
Quadriceps Femoris
Rectus Femoris
¾ Origin:
Ant. Sup. Iliac Spine + Ilium above
acetabulum
¾ Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon and patella.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Femoral nerve.
¾ Action:
Extension of the knee joint.
Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
¾ Origin:
Inter
-trochanteric line + linea aspera
Inter-trochanteric
¾ Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon and patella.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Femoral nerve.
¾ Action:
Extension of the knee joint.
Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Medialis
¾ Origin:
Inter
-trochanteric line + linea aspera
Inter-trochanteric
¾ Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon and patella.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Femoral nerve.
¾ Action:
Extension of the knee joint.
Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Intermedius
¾ Origin:
Anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft
of the femur
¾ Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon and patella.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Femoral nerve.
¾ Action:
Extension of the knee joint.
Muscles:
Muscles of the Medial
Compartment of the Thigh
1.
Gracilis.
1.Gracilis.
2.
Adductor longus
2.Adductor
longus..
3.
Adductor brevis
3.Adductor
brevis..
4.
Adductor magnus
4.Adductor
magnus..
5.
Obturator externus
5.Obturator
externus..
Gracilis
¾ Origin:
Inferior pubic ramus and ischial ramus
ramus..
¾ Insertion:
Upper part of the medial surface of the
shaft of the tibia.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Obturator nerve
¾ Action:
A. Abduction of the thigh.
B. Flexion of the leg.
Adductor Longus
¾ Origin:
Body of the pubic bone.
¾ Insertion:
Linea aspera of the femur.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Obturator nerve.
¾ Action:
A. Abduction of the thigh.
B. Helps in medial rotation of the thigh.
Adductor Brevis
¾ Origin:
Inferior pubic ramus
ramus..
¾ Insertion:
Linea aspera of the femur.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Obturator nerve.
¾ Action:
A. Abduction of the thigh.
B. Helps in medial rotation of the thigh.
Adductor Magnus
¾ Origin:
1. Pubic part: from Inferior pubic ramus
ramus..
2. Ischial part: from Ischial ramus and ischial
tuberosity
tuberosity..
¾ Insertion:
1. Pubic part: Posterior surface of femoral shaft
2. Ischial part: Adductor tubercle of the femur.
¾ Nerve Supply:
1. Pubic part: Obturator nerve.
2. Ischial part: Sciatic nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Pubic part: Adduction of the thigh.
2. Ischial part: Extension of the thigh.
Obturator Externus
¾ Origin:
1. Outer surface of obturator membrane.
2. Pubic and ischial rami
rami..
¾ Insertion:
Medial surface of the greater trochanter
trochanter..
¾ Nerve Supply:
Obturator nerve.
¾ Action:
Lateral rotation of the thigh.
Hamstring Muscles:.
Muscles of the Posterior
Compartment of the Thigh
1.
Biceps femoris
1.Biceps
femoris..
2.
Semitendinosus.
2.Semitendinosus.
3.
Semimembranosus.
3.Semimembranosus.
4.
Ischial head of Adductor
4.Ischial
magnus
magnus..
Biceps Femoris
¾ Origin:
1. Long head: Ischial tuberosity
tuberosity..
2. Short head: linea aspera and lateral
supra
-condylar ridge of femur.
supra-condylar
¾ Insertion:
The head of the fibula.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Sciatic nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Flexion and lateral rotation of the leg.
2. Long head extends the thigh.
Semitendinosus
¾ Origin:
The ischial tuberosity
tuberosity..
¾ Insertion:
Upper part of the medial surface of the
shaft of the tibia.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Sciatic nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Flexion and medial rotation of the leg.
2. Extension of the thigh.
Semimembranosus
¾ Origin:
The ischial tuberosity
tuberosity..
¾ Insertion:
Posteromedial surface of the lateral
condyle of the tibia and (oblique
popliteal ligament).
¾ Nerve Supply:
Sciatic nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Flexion and medial rotation of the leg.
2. Extension of the thigh.
Abductor Magnus
¾ Origin:
1. Pubic part: from Inferior pubic ramus
ramus..
2. Ischial part: from Ischial ramus and ischial
tuberosity
tuberosity..
¾ Insertion:
1. Pubic part: Posterior surface of femoral shaft
2. Ischial part: Adductor tubercle of the femur.
¾ Nerve Supply:
1. Pubic part: Obturator nerve.
2. Ischial part: Sciatic nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Pubic part: Adduction of the thigh.
2. Ischial part: Extension of the thigh.
Muscles of the Anterior
Compartment of the Leg
Muscles:.
1.
Tibialis anterior.
1.Tibialis
2.
Extensor digitorum
2.Extensor
longus
longus..
3.
Peroneus tertius
3.Peroneus
tertius..
4.
Extensor hallucis longus
4.Extensor
longus..
Tibialis Anterior
¾ Origin:
Upper half of lateral surface of tibia and
interosseous membrane.
¾ Insertion:
Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Deep peroneal nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
2. Maintenance of the medial longitudinal
arch of the foot.
Extensor Digitorum Longus
¾ Origin:
Upper 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and
interosseous membrane.
¾ Insertion:
Extensor expansions of the lateral 4 toes.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Deep peroneal nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Extension of the lateral 4 toes.
2. Dorsiflexion of the foot.
Peroneus Tertius
¾ Origin:
Lower 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and
interosseous membrane.
¾ Insertion:
Medial side of the dorsal aspect of the base
of 5th metatarsal bone.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Deep peroneal nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Dorsiflexion of the foot (ankle joint).
2. Eversion of the foot (sub
-talar joints).
(sub-talar
Extensor Hallucis Longus
¾ Origin:
Middle half of anterior surface of fibula
and interosseous membrane.
¾ Insertion:
Base of the distal phalanx of the big toe.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Deep peroneal nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Extension of the big toe.
2. Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
Muscles of the Lateral
Compartment of the Leg
Muscles
1.
Peroneus longus
1.Peroneus
longus..
2.
Peroneus brevis
2.Peroneus
brevis..
Peroneus Longus
¾ Origin:
Upper 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula.
¾ Insertion:
Medial cuneiform and base of the 1st
metatarsal bone.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Superficial peroneal nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Plantar flexion of the foot (ankle joint).
2. Eversion of the foot (sub
-talar joints).
(sub-talar
3. Maintenance of the lateral longitudinal and
transverse arches of the foot.
Peroneus Brevis
¾ Origin:
Lower 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula.
¾ Insertion:
Base of the 5th metatarsal bone.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Superficial peroneal nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Plantar flexion of the foot (ankle joint).
2. Eversion of the foot (sub
-talar joints).
(sub-talar
3. Maintenance of the lateral longitudinal
arch of the foot.
Muscles of the Posterior
Compartment of the Leg
Superficial Muscles
1.
Gastrocnemius.
1.Gastrocnemius.
2.
Plantaris.
2.Plantaris.
3.
Soleus.
3.Soleus.
Gastrocnemius
¾ Origin:
1. Lateral head: Lateral condyle of femur.
2. Medial head: Popliteal surface of femur
above the medial condyle
condyle..
¾ Insertion:
Through tendocalcaneus to the posterior
surface of the calcaneum
calcaneum..
¾ Nerve Supply:
Tibial Nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Plantar flexion of the foot (ankle joint).
2. Flexion of the leg (knee joint).
Plantaris
¾ Origin:
Lateral supra
-condylar ridge of femur.
supra-condylar
¾ Insertion:
Posterior surface of the calcaneum
calcaneum..
¾ Nerve Supply:
Tibial nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Plantar flexion of the foot (ankle
joint).
2. Flexion of the leg (knee joint).
Soleus
¾ Origin:
1. Soleal line of tibia.
2. Upper ¼ of posterior surface of fibula.
3. Fibrous arch between tibia and fibula.
¾ Insertion:
Through tendocalcaneus to the posterior
surface of the calcaneum
calcaneum..
¾ Nerve Supply:
Tibial Nerve.
¾ Action:
Plantar flexion of the foot (ankle joint).
Deep Muscles
1.
Popliteus.
1.Popliteus.
2.
Flexor digitorum
2.Flexor
longus
longus..
3.
Flexor hallucis longus
3.Flexor
longus..
4.
Tibialis posterior.
4.Tibialis
Popliteus
¾ Origin:
Lateral surface of lateral condyle of
femur
¾ Insertion:
Posterior surface of tibia above soleal
line.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Tibial Nerve.
¾ Action:
Medial rotation of tibia on femur
(unlocking of knee joint)
Flexor Digitorum Longus
¾ Origin:
Medial part of the posterior surface of the
tibia below the soleal line
¾ Insertion:
Bases of the distal phalanges of the lateral 4
toes.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Tibial Nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Flexion of the lateral 4 toes.
2. Plantar flexion of the foot.
3. Maintenance of the longitudinal arches.
Flexor Hallucis Longus
¾ Origin:
Lower 2/3 of the posterior surface of the
shaft of the fibula.
¾ Insertion:
Base of the distal phalanx of the big toe.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Tibial Nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Flexion of the big toe.
2. Plantar flexion of the foot.
3. Maintenance of the longitudinal arches.
Tibialis Posterior
¾ Origin:
Lateral part of the posterior surface of the
tibia, interosseous membrane and
posterior surface of fibula.
¾ Insertion:
Mainly to the navicular bone.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Tibial Nerve.
¾ Action:
1. Plantar flexion and inversion of the foot.
2. Maintenance of medial longitudinal arch.
Muscle of the Dorsum
of the Foot
Muscles
1.
Extensor digitorum
1.Extensor
brevis
brevis..
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
¾ Origin:
Upper surface of the calcaneum
calcaneum..
¾ Insertion:
Base of proximal phalanx of the big toe
and extensor expansions of the 2nd,
3rd and 4th toes.
¾ Nerve Supply:
Deep peroneal nerve.
¾ Action:
Extension of the medial 4 toes.
Muscles of the
Sole of the Foot
st
1
Layer Muscles
1.
Abductor hallucis
1.Abductor
hallucis..
2.
Flexor digitorum
2.Flexor
brevis
brevis..
3.
Abductor digiti
3.Abductor
minimi
minimi..
nd
2
Layer Muscles
1.
Quadratus plantae
1.Quadratus
plantae..
2.
Lumbricals.
2.Lumbricals.
3.
Tendon of flexor digitorum
3.Tendon
longus
longus..
4.
Tendon of flexor hallucis
4.Tendon
longus
longus..
rd
3
Layer Muscles
1.
Flexor hallucis
1.Flexor
brevis
brevis..
2.
Adductor hallucis
2.Adductor
hallucis..
3.
Flexor digiti minimi
3.Flexor
brevis
brevis..
th
4
Layer Muscles
1.
Plantar interossei
1.Plantar
interossei..
2.
Dorsal interossei
2.Dorsal
interossei..
3.
Tendon of peroneus
3.Tendon
longus
longus..
4.
Tendon of tibialis
4.Tendon
posterior.