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Name Period Date ___ Physical Science November Benchmark Study Guide Chapter 12 1. What the formula for speed?_______________________________________________________ What is the formula for velocity? ___________________________________________________ What is the formula for acceleration? _______________________________________________ What is the formula for force? _____________________________________________________ 2. What is centripetal motion? _______________________________________________________ 3. What is projectile motion? ________________________________________________________ 4. What path is followed by a projectile? ________________________________________ What are the 4 types of friction and how do they work?_________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Which of these 4 types is the greatest?______________________________________________ 6. What is net force? ______________________________________________________________ 7. What 3 ways can acceleration change the velocity of an object? __________________________, ________________________________________, ____________________________________ 8. What is an unbalanced force?_____________________________________________________ What happens when one acts on an object?___________________________________________ 9. What is an balanced force?________________________________________________________ What happens when a pair of balanced forces acts on an object?___________________________ 10. What is Newton’s First Law? ____________________________________________________ Give an example _______________________________________________________________ 11. What is Newton’s Second Law? ___________________________________________________ Give an example _______________________________________________________________ 12. What is Newton’s Third Law? _____________________________________________________ Give an example _______________________________________________________________ 13. What is inertia? _________________________________________________________________ 14. If a person has a mass of 62 kg, determine their weight: ________________________________ 15. What does your weight equal? _____________________________________________________ How do you figure your weight on the moon? _________________________________________ What happens to weight as you get further from the earth? ______________________________ 16. What effects the gravitational attraction between 2 objects? Stronger? ______________________________________________________________ Weaker? ______________________________________________________________ 17. What 2 forces act on a falling feather? ______________________, ____________________ 18. Which of Newton’s 3 laws involve “action-reaction” forces? ___________________________ 19. What is the SI unit for force? _______ What is it equal to? _____________________________ Chapter 14 1. What the formula for work? _______________________________________________________ What is the formula for power? ___________________________________________________ What is the formula for mechanical advantage? _______________________________________ What is the formula for ideal mechanical advantage? __________________________________ What is the formula for efficiency? ________________________________________________ 2. What is the SI unit for work? _____________________________________________________ 3. What is the SI unit for power? ___________________________________________________ What is the old unit for power? ____________________________________________ 4. What does power measure? ____________________________________________________ 5. What is the fixed pivot point for a lever? ____________________________________________ 6. Which do you push on, the input or output arm? ______________________________________ 7. What kind of simple machine are the following devices? Steering wheel? _________________________________________ Doorstop? _____________________________________________ Broom? _______________________________________________ Ramp? ________________________________________________ Bolt? _________________________________________________ Motor hoist? ___________________________________________ Ax? __________________________________________________ 8. What is a compound machine?_____________________________________________________ 9. Explain how a simple machine like a ramp works? _____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. Explain how a simple machine like a lever works? _____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. In what 3 ways can a machine make work easier? ______________________________________ _____________________________________, ________________________________________ 12. If you exert a 20 N force to lift a box 2 meters, how much work did you do? ________________ If you do 100 joules of work lifting a 20 N box, how high is the shelf? _____________________ If you do 60 joules of works lift a box to a 2 m high shelf, how heavy was the box in n? _______ 13. If 60 N of force applied to a lever moves a 120 N rock, what was the actual mechanical advantage of the lever? ________________ 14. A machine did 150 joules of work in 15 seconds. How much power was used? _______________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 15. If a crate with a mass of 60 kg is pushed across the room at an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 how much force is used to push the crate? _____________________________________________________ Chapter 15 1. What the formula for Kinetic energy? ______________________________________________ What is the formula for Potential energy? ___________________________________________ 2. What “g” stand for? ____________________________________________________________ What is g’s value on earth? _____________________________________________________ 3. What is work? ________________________________________________________________ What is the SI unit for work? ______________________________________________ 4. What is potential energy? _______________________________________________________ 5. What is kinetic energy? _______________________________________________________ 6. If a 40 kg shopping cart is rolling down the parking lot at 3 m/s what is the carts kinetic energy? ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. When a ball is dropped from a 2 m height: Where is its highest potential energy? _____________________________________________ Where is its lowest potential energy? _____________________________________________ Where is its highest kinetic energy? _____________________________________________ Where is its lowest kinetic energy? _____________________________________________ When it bounces, do any of the above answers change? _____________________________ 8. Name the 6 major forms of energy and 2 examples of each: __________________-- __________________________, __________________________ __________________-- __________________________, __________________________ __________________-- __________________________, __________________________ __________________-- __________________________, __________________________ __________________-- __________________________, __________________________ __________________-- __________________________, __________________________ 9. Can energy change from one type to another?_____________________________________ 10. What is the law of the conservation of matter? _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 11. What is the mechanical energy of an object equal to? _________________________________ 12. 13. What has mechanical energy? ______________________________________________ What are solar cell? ____________________________________________________________ How do they work? ______________________________________________________ Why aren’t they everywhere? ______________________________________________ What is elastic potential energy? __________________________________________________ Name 3 things that have it: ____________________, __________________, _______________ 14. A 10 newton bowling ball is sitting on a 2 m high shelf. What is its gravitational potential energy? _____________________________________________________________________________ 15. What is chemical energy? _______________________________________________________ 16. What is biomass?_______________________________________________________________ How can it be used as fuel? ______________________________________________________ 17. What are fossil fuels? ____________________________________________________________ Name 3: ___________________, _________________________, ________________________ Why are they a problem for the environment? ________________________________________ Why are they in extensive use? ____________________________________________________ What will eventually happen to them? ______________________________________________ Which one is in the most abundance in the U.S.? ______________________________________ 18. How does a hydrogen fuel cell work? _____________________________________________ What is its main by-product? _______________________________________________ What is a benefit? ________________________________________________________ 19. What increases as an object gets warmer? ___________________________________________ 20. Draw a pendulum bob and know it’s K.E. and P.E. at different points? __________________ __________________________________________________________________________