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IB MYP HONORS CIVICS & ECONOMICS NCFE REVIEW: Legislative & Executive Branches 1. What does Congress do? Make laws – “Create”: Make executive dept. agencies; create lower courts 2. Explain the leadership role for each of the following members of Congress: a. Speaker of the House Leader of House – from majority party; chosen by seniority Becomes President if the President & Vice President cannot serve b. President of the Senate Is the VP – tie breaker vote (because 100 Senators) Only politician to serve in 2 branches c. President Pro Tempore of the Senate Day to Day leadership of the Senate – from majority party, based on seniority d. Majority Leaders of Congress From majority parties – based on seniority Both houses – Republican Job is to wrangle support for their platform/bills e. Minority Leaders of Congress From minority parties – based on seniority Both houses - Democrat Also wrangle support for THEIR platform / bills f. Party Whips Leaders in both parties – “whip up” support for bills 3. Explain the impeachment process. House votes to impeach; Senate tries impeachment 2 presidents impeached (Johnson & Clinton); none removed from office “impeach” – only means ‘accuse’ 4. Define the following: a. Cloture Ends a filibuster by vote (Senate) b. Filibuster Only in Senate – talking a bill to death c. Apportionment Divide the # of reps in the house (435) among 50 states based on population (a portion). Population is counted by census every 10 years – “re-apportionment” Remember “a portion” of the members of the House d. Gerrymandering Illegally re-drawing voting districts to favor one party (see apportionment) e. Seniority System Way that members of Congress get the positions on committee and House leadership they want Been there the longest – get committee / leadership positions in Congress f. Habeas Corpus Tells why you’re in jail – Congress can’t suspend this right (says so in Constitution) g. Bills of Attainder Congress can’t pass these laws b/c they take away your right to trial by jury (says so in Constitution) h. Ex Post Facto Law Congress can’t these laws b/c they make an action a crime AFTER it’s committed (says so in Constitution) i. Censure Only in Congress – vote of “no confidence” in members if they do something “bad” (scandal) j. Expulsion Voted out of Congress k. Immunity Congress members’ freedom of speech is protected 5. Fill out the following chart for the two houses in Congress Senate - Upper House House of Representatives - Lower House A E G B D F I K L H J O M N P Q S U T V a. d. g. j. m. p. s. u. BOTH C R Has 100 members b. Has 435 members c. Has 535 members Must be 25 years old e. Must be 30 years old f. Be a US citizen for at least 7 years Must be a 9 year US citizen h. Must live in the district you represent i. Must live in the state you represent Led by Speaker of the House k. Led by President Pro Tempore l. Can filibuster Can vote for cloture n. Can attach riders to bills o. Votes to impeach Tries impeachment q. Appropriations bills begin here r. Overrides presidential vetoes Representation based on population t. Representation based on equal vote Has a “Rules Committee” to hear and prioritize bills v. Approves presidential treaties and appointments 6. What are some “non-legislative” powers of Congress? Impeachment, committee system, approving/rejecting presidential appointments & treaties Anything that doesn’t involve the process of making laws… 7. Directions Matching Committee Systems: Place the letter of the correct description in the blank. Each letter used once. ______1. Standing committee C ______2. Select committee D ______3. Joint committee B ______4. Conference committee A A. Both houses meet to agree on details of proposed law B. Both houses meet to focus on certain areas, such as tax policy C. Permanent committees D. Created for a special reason, and only for a certain length of time 8. Explain the significance of the committee system to the lawmaking process. The purpose of the committee system is to RESEARCH/DEBATE bills! Bills in committee are either Killed or Passed! This system determines if bills move forward, so it’s SIGNIFICANT! 9. Directions for How a Bill Becomes a Law: Below are 15 statements concerning how a bill can become a law. Number them in chronological order (1-15) so that they tell the steps that could occur for the bill to become a law. (introduced, committee, subcommittee, floor, other side, president) ______1. The standing committee decides not to pigeonhole the bill. ______2. A representative decides to sponsor the bill and has it drafted. ______3. The idea for the bill is suggested by a citizen, a lobbyist, or a member of the House of Representatives. ______4. The bill is sent to a standing committee in the House of Representatives. ______5. The representative introduces the bill into the House of Representatives. ______6. The full committee votes to approve the bill. ______7. The subcommittee holds public hearings and makes changes to the bill. ______8. The bill is sent to the full House of Representatives for consideration. ______9. The subcommittee returns the bill to the full committee. ______10. The standing committee sends the bill to a subcommittee. ______11. The full House of Representatives votes to approve the bill. ______12. The President signs the bill into law. ______13. The full House of Representatives debates the bill. ______14. After both the House of Representatives and Senate pass the bill, it is sent to the President. ______15. The bill goes to the Senate for approval. ACTUAL ORDER: The idea for the bill is suggested by a citizen, a lobbyist, or a member of the House of Representatives. A representative decides to sponsor the bill and has it drafted. The representative introduces the bill into the House of Representatives. The bill is sent to a standing committee in the House of Representatives. The standing committee decides not to pigeonhole the bill. The standing committee sends the bill to a subcommittee. The subcommittee holds public hearings and makes changes to the bill. The subcommittee returns the bill to the full committee. The full committee votes to approve the bill. The bill is sent to the full House of Representatives for consideration. The full House of Representatives debates the bill. The full House of Representatives votes to approve the bill. The bill goes to the Senate for approval. After both the House of Representatives and Senate pass the bill, it is sent to the President. The President signs the bill into law. 10. What is the role of the Legislative Branch in the lawmaking process? Initiate/Propose bills, pass on to President 11. What is the role of the Executive Branch in the lawmaking process? Signing/veto bills into law; enforce laws 12. What is the role of the Judicial Branch in the lawmaking process? Interpret laws’ meaning if it’s in conflict 13. Political Parties(bipartisan politics) have a tremendous impact on Congress. There are many conflicts today that can trace origins back to when Federalists and Anti-Federalists disagreed upon the formation of the early foundations of US Government. It deals a great deal with the power of national government versus state governments. Explain the following: a. Size of Federal Government Democrats (Federalists) BIG federal government involvement in your life will improve America Republicans (Anti-Federalists) SMALLER federal government involvement in your life will improve America; states can d do a better job helping Americans b. Federalism How much power should federal and state government have in relation to each other?... What things can the federal government do? What things can state governments do? When should the federal government get involved to create equality? (see answers above) c. Protection of Individual Rights Foremost concern for Anti-Federalists (against stronger federal government); while both Democrats & Republicans are concerned with this, it's mostly a Republican issue d. Strict and Loose interpretations of the Constitution Federalists were loose interpreters of the Constitution – more support for implied powers (similar to Democrats) Anti-Federalists were strict interpreters of the Constitution – not fans of implied powers, of course – it gave too much power to the federal government (similar to Republicans) e. Patriot Act An act issued under Republican dominance of government after 9/11 terrorist attacks – Gives federal government the right to collect evidence without an official warrant because it’s for “national security” interests to be on the lookout for terrorists f. Homeland Security Again, a Republican venture – This was a new cabinet department of the Executive Branch added in response to the 9/11 attacks. It helps organize major agencies, like the FBI, CIA, NSA, etc. g. Separation of Church and State Democrats tend to favor more; Republicans less – Federalists and Anti-Federalists both were more concerned about the encroachment of the federal government’s power into churches (like from England) h. Right to bear arms While both Democrats and Republicans support this 2nd amendment right to some extent, Republicans tend to favor less federal government regulation on firearm ownership. Federalists and Anti-Federalist both were concerned enough about the power of government that they wanted citizens to be able to form a militia to protect themselves against government 14. What is the purpose of the Executive Branch? Enforce laws (“enforce” can also mean regulate, administrate, execute) 15. List the 3 qualifications in the US Constitution in order to become President. Be 35, a natural born citizen, live in the US 14 consecutive years 16. After the President, list the next 4 members in line for presidential succession. VP, Speaker of the House, President Pro Tempore of the Senate, Secretary of State 17. What is the purpose of executive departments? Help advise the President on issues 18. How many executive departments exist? 15 19. Which department was created recently? Homeland Security (see above) 20. Define: a. Veto The President refuses to sign a bill into law; sends it back to Congress (who can override the veto) b. Executive Order The president issues an order (aligned with his Constitutional roles – for example, as commander-in-chief), and it has the force of law c. Executive Agreement Like an executive order, but it’s an agreement the President makes with other countries. It’s also like a treaty, but it doesn’t require Senate approval. It should be directly aligned with his Constitutional roles d. Treaty A binding agreement with another country the President makes, it must be approved by the Senate e. Pardon In his role as chief executive, the President can release someone from prison or forgive them of a criminal charge f. Commute In his role a chief executive, the President can change or alter a criminal sentence g. Reprieve In his role as chief executive, the President can delay a punishment h. Amnesty In his role a chief executive, the President can pardon (forgive) a group of people (like those who dodged the draft in the Vietnam War) 21. Explain how the following amendments are related to the Executive Branch: a. 12 Changes the way the President & VP are elected – after 12th amendment, both must run on same ballot b. 20 Is the “lame duck” amendment – changes the time from March to January when the President is elected in November until he takes office c. 22 Sets a 2 term limit for the President (or 10 year maximum) d. 23 Gives residents of DC 3 Electoral College votes for the President e. 25 Establishes the procedure to use when/if the VP must take over as President – helps to create the Presidential Succession Act 22. PRESIDENTIAL ROLES Directions: Place the number of the role in its appropriate box. All numbers will be used once. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Issue pardons and reprieves Head the federal bureaucracy Call out army to keep domestic order Appoint Supreme Court justices Attend the funeral of a foreign leader Grant amnesty Make a State of the Union address Submit a budget to Congress Chief Executive 1, 2, 4, 6, 11 Commander-inChief 3, 9 9. Order American soldiers into battle 10. Make treaties 11. Issue executive orders 12. Encourage passage of laws 13. Attend White House concerts 14. Appoint ambassadors 15. Hold/host dinners to raise money to elect a governor Chief Diplomat 5, 10, 14 Head-of-State 5, 7, 13 Legislative Leader 12 Economic Leader 8 Party Leader 15 23. Explain how executive agencies help the Executive Branch enforce laws. Answer directly to President – law enforcement - FBI 24. Explain how regulatory agencies/boards/commissions help the Executive Branch enforce laws. Independent of President – help enforce laws – Food & Drug Administration (FDA) 25. Explain the purpose of government corporations in the Executive Branch. Independent of Pres.; supposed to make a profit – USPS – US Postal Service 26. For the following agencies, write what the abbreviation stands for, then match the agency to the correct description. AGENCY/BUREAU Stands for Match to what it does Federal Bureau of Investigation E FBI Central Intelligence Agency H Drug Enforcement Administration A Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, Explosives G National Transportation Safety Board I US CIS United States Citizenship and Immigration Services B Federal Emergency Management Administration F FEMA Centers for Disease Control D Internal Revenue Service C CIA DEA ATF NTSB CDC IRS a. b. c. d. e. f. ENFORCES laws against drug trafficking g. ENFORCES federal laws against firearms and tobacco ENFORCES laws dealing with immigration h. The federal agency that deals with foreign countries ENFORCES tax laws; is part of the Department of Treasury i. Works on improving transportation safety Researches and responds to disease threats Is part of the Department of Justice; the US’s top law ENFORCEMENT agency Responds to disasters and emergencies; part of the Department of Homeland Security 27. Explain how the Legislative and Executive Branches check and balance each other. (Budget, War/Military, Treaties, Appointments, Enforcement Agencies) The President prepares a budget, Congress approves it Congress declares war, the President becomes the Commander in Chief of the military The President makes treaties; the Senate approves them The President makes appointments to office in the Executive Branch and Judicial Branch; Senate approves them Congress creates Executive Department Agencies; The agencies make regulations to enforce the laws The President can be impeached with the vote of the House and trial by Senate; the Chief Justice of the United States’ Supreme Court serves as the judge Congress passes bills; the President can veto them; Congress can override the veto 28. Completely fill out the following chart on Branches and Levels of Government: Branches & Levels Legislative (make law) Executive (enforce law) Judicial (interpret law) National Congress House & Senate President & VP US Supreme Court State General Assembly House & Senate Governor & Lieutenant Governor NC Supreme Court Local City Council or County Commissioners Mayor or County Commissioners Local courts under state court system