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1 Elena L. Zvereva and Mikhail V. Kozlov. The costs and effectiveness of chemical defenses in 2 herbivorous insects: a meta-analysis. Ecological Monographs. Accepted Manuscript. 3 4 Supplement 5 Data used in meta-analysis of the effectiveness and costs of chemical defenses 6 7 Author(s) 8 Elena L. Zvereva 9 Section of Ecology 10 University of Turku 11 20014 12 Turku, Finland 13 E-mail: [email protected] 14 15 Mikhail V. Kozlov 16 Section of Ecology 17 University of Turku 18 20014 19 Turku, Finland 20 21 File list 22 Zvereva-Kozlov-effectiveness.txt 23 Zvereva-Kozlov-costs.txt 24 1 25 Description 26 27 Zvereva-Kozlov-effectiveness.txt Tab-delimited text file containing the data that 28 have been extracted from original publications and used in meta-analysis of the efficiency of 29 chemical defenses of herbivorous insects. The file contains the following columns: 30 1) Reference (see the list below). 31 2) Prey species or group of species (as reported in the original publication). 32 3) Prey family. 33 4) Prey order. 34 5) Prey stage (egg, larva/nympha, pupa, imago). 35 6) Origin of secretion (derived from host plant: sequestered, i.e., uptake with accumulation, 36 or acquired, i.e., uptake without accumulation; or synthesized de novo). 37 7) Host plant of a prey (as reported in the original publication). 38 8) Host plant family. 39 9) Major defensive compound(s) (as reported in the original publication). 40 10) Toxic properties (of major defensive compounds, as reported in the original publication or 41 in review papers). 42 11) Morphological defenses. 43 12) Conspicuousness. 44 13) Gregariousness. 45 14) Externalization of defenses. 46 15) Active defensive behaviour. 47 16) Prey diet breadth. 48 17) Experimental environment (field or laboratory). 2 49 18) Enemy species or group of species (as reported in the original publication). 50 19) Predator group. 51 20) Selected species or complex of enemies (the latter refers to field experiments where all 52 enemies inhabiting study area may have accessed experimental prey). 53 21) Vertebrate or invertebrate enemy. 54 22) Enemy trophic strategy (predator or parasitoid). 55 23) Enemy diet breadth. 56 24) Enemy search cues (chemical or visual). 57 25) Enemy experience (naïve, experienced in the experiment with a certain prey, or wild- 58 caught or observed in nature, i.e., having uncontrolled experience with a wide range of 59 prey). 60 26) Test object (alive prey, dead prey, prey secretions or extract). 61 27) Control object (another non-defended prey species or the same prey species lacking 62 defenses due to depletion of secretions or rearing on a diet lacking precursors). 63 64 65 66 28) Measured character (deterrence, prey acceptance, prey survival, frequency of predator attacks). 29) Effect size calculation (means, direct calculation of Hedges’ d; odds,recalculated from odds ratio). 67 30) d (Hedges’ d measure of effect size). 68 31) Var(d). 69 70 Zvereva-Kozlov-costs.txt Tab-delimited text file containing the data that have been 71 extracted from original publications and used in meta-analysis of the costs of chemical defenses 72 of herbivorous insects. The file contains the following columns: 3 73 1. Reference (see the list below). 74 2. Prey species or group of species (as reported in the original publication). 75 3. Prey family. 76 4. Prey order. 77 5. Prey stage (egg, larva/nympha, imago). 78 6. Origin of secretion (derived from host plant: sequestered, i.e., uptake with accumulation, 79 or acquired, i.e., uptake without accumulation; or synthesized de novo). 80 7. Host plant of a prey (as reported in the original publication). 81 8. Host plant family. 82 9. Major defensive compound(s) (as reported in the original publication). 83 10. Group of defensive compounds (alkaloids; aristolochic acid; butyric esters; glucosides; 84 salicylaldehyde; terpenes). 85 11. Externalization of defenses. 86 12. Localization of defenses (body, regurgitation, secretion). 87 13. Prey diet breadth. 88 14. Diet used in the experiment (plant or artificial diet). 89 15. Method used in the experiment (depleting regurgitants/secretions or using plants or 90 91 92 93 94 artificial diet with different concentrations of allelochemicals). 16. Measured character (consumption rate, developmental time, fat content, fecundity, relative growth rate, survival, weight). 17. Effect size calculation (means, direct calculation of Hedges’ d; correlations, recalculated from correlation coefficient). 95 18. d (Hedges’ d measure of effect size). 96 19. Var(d). 4 97 98 References 99 Alcock, J. 1973. Feeding response of hand-reared red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) 100 to a stinkbug (Euschistus conspersus). American Midland Naturalist 89:307–313. 101 102 103 Aliabadi, A., J. A. A. Renwick, and D. W. Whitman. 2002. Sequestration of glucosinolates by harlequin bug Murgantia histrionica. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28:1749–1762. Baden, C. U., and S. Dobler. 2009. 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