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Semester Exam, December
Study Guide
**The following content will be COVERED on the Semester test. The test will NOT look like the
study guide.
1. List and define the 6 steps of the Scientific Method.
2. Be able to identify the steps of the Scientific Method from a passage.
3. Identify the parts of the following box.
4. List the charges on an atom’s protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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What is the difference between atomic mass and atomic number?
How is the Periodic Table is arranged.
What is the difference between period and family on the periodic table?
What are characteristics of the following families: Alkali Metals, Alkali Earth Metals, Transition
Metals, Boron Family, Carbon Family, Nitrogen Family, Oxygen Family, Halogens and Noble Gases?
What is a chemical change is and what is the best indication that a chemical change has taken place?
What is the range of the pH scale and what it measures?
List the properties of acids and bases.
How are waves classified?
What is the wavelength of a wave? What is a wave’s amplitude and what does it measure?
What is an electric circuit? What are the two types of circuits? What happens as additional bulbs are
added to the circuits? What happens if a bulb is disconnected?
How many meters in a kilometer?
Explain how motion is relative. Include the term “reference point”.
KNOW the formulas for speed, velocity, and average speed FROM MEMORY!! Know your speed
triangle.
a. Pete is driving down 7th street. He drives 150 meters in 18 seconds. Assuming he
does not speed up or slow down, what is his speed in meters per second?
b. A person jogs 4.0 km in 32 minutes, then 2.0 km in 22 minutes, and finally 1.0 km
in 16 minutes. What is the jogger’s average speed in km per minute?
c. A train travels 120 km in 2 hours and 30 minutes. What is its average speed?
d. A plane’s average speed between two cities is 600 km/hr. If the trip takes 2.5 hrs.
how far does the plane fly?
e. A roller coaster’s velocity at the top of a hill is 10 m/s. Two seconds later it
reaches the bottom of the hill with a velocity of 26 m/s. What was the acceleration
of the coaster?
f. A roller coaster is moving at 25 m/s at the bottom of a hill. Three seconds later it
reaches the top of the hill moving at 10 m/s. What was the acceleration of the
coaster?
g. A car traveling at 15 m/s starts to decelerate steadily. It comes to a complete stop
in 10 seconds. What is it’s acceleration?
18. On a distance versus time graph (speed graph):
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What does a horizontal line mean?
What does a straight line mean?
The steeper the line, the ____________________ the speed.
19. Define acceleration. What are the three different ways that an object can accelerate? What is it called
when an object slows down? Know the formula for acceleration FROM MEMORY!
20. What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces? How do you calculate the net force?
When an unbalanced force acts on an object, it causes the object to _______________________, which
means the object will ____________ __________, __________ __________, or ____________
___________________.
21. Define gravity. Explain the two factors that affect gravity.
22. Define friction. Explain the two factors that affect friction. What are the four types of friction (list
them in order of strongest to weakest)?
23. Define work.
24. How do you know when work is done on an object? Write an example of work being done on an
object, and an example of no work being done on an object.
25. Be able to calculate work. KNOW the formula for work FROM MEMORY!! Know the work
triangle.
26. A machine makes work _____________ by changing the amount of ______________ exerted, the
_______________ the force is exerted, or the ___________________ the force is exerted.
27. Does a machine change the amount of work done on an object?
28. A machine allows you to exert a _________________ force over a larger distance in return for a
________________ force over a _________________ distance.
29. Explain Wegener’s theory of Continental Drift.
30. What were the three types of evidence he used to support his theory?
31. Why did most geologists reject his idea at the time?
32. What type of boundary occurs at the mid-ocean ridge? What process occurs there? Describe the
process.
33. What type of boundary occurs at the deep-ocean trench? What process occurs there? Describe the
process.
34. What causes earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain ranges, and rift valleys to form? (Name the type of
boundary and the type of Earth’s crust that is involved)
35. What causes convection currents in the mantle?
36. What causes the Earth’s plates to move? What is the theory called that proves the plates are moving?