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APUSH
Dr. I. Ibokette
Practice Questions
Chapter 1: The Collision of Cultures
True/False Questions
1
The civilizations and political systems of pre-Columbian Native Americans north of
Mexico were less elaborate than those of the peoples to the south. Page: 6
2
When Europeans arrived in North America, native tribes were generally able to unite in
opposition to white encroachments on their land. Page: 13
3
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the population of the native peoples living in what is now
the United States is estimated to be 50 million. Page: 10
4
Some historians have suggested that European diseases virtually exterminated many native
tribes. Page: 19
5
The eleventh-century explorations and discoveries of Leif Eriksson were common knowledge
in the European world of the fifteenth century. Page: 9
6
Portuguese exploration in the late fifteenth century concentrated on finding a route to the
Orient by sailing around Africa. Page: 11
7
Christopher Columbus spent his early seafaring years in the service of the Portuguese. Page:
12
8
On his first voyage to the New World, Columbus realized that he had not encountered China.
Page: 12
9
By 1550, Spaniards had explored the coast of North America as far north as Oregon in the
west. Page: 13
10 The early Spanish settlers were successful at establishing plantations, but not at finding gold
or silver. Page: 16
11 Spanish mines in America yielded ten times as much gold and silver as the rest of the world’s
mines together. Page: 16
12 The Pueblo Indians continued to practice their native religious rituals, even though many of
them converted to Christianity. Page: 18
13 By the seventeenth century, the Spanish had given up their efforts to assimilate the Indians to
Spanish ways. Page: 18
14 European life was relatively unchanged by the biological and cultural exchanges that took
place after discovery of the New World. Page: 20
15 As of the sixteenth century, Europeans had generally built up a greater immunity to smallpox
than had the Native Americans. Page: 19
16 Owing to their commitment to Catholicism, male Spanish immigrants had very little sexual
contact with Indian women. Page: 20
17 Spanish colonists both enslaved Indians and forced them into indentured servant status. Page:
21
18 Cattle, sheep, and sugar were three New World products introduced to Europe. Page: 20
19 In contrast with the European tradition, African families tended to be matrilineal. Page: 22
20 The internal African slave trade did not become prominent until Europeans began to demand
slave labor for the New World. Page: 23
21 During the sixteenth century, England was experiencing a decline in food supply and
population. Page: 25
22 Mercantilists promoted colonization as a means to acquire the inexhaustible wealth of the
New World. Page: 25
23 The preaching of John Calvin led his followers to lead both anxious and productive lives.
Page: 27
24 Puritans were the first English colonizers in the Americas. Page: 31
25 The Roanoke disaster virtually killed the colonizing impulse in England for a long time.
Page: 32
Chapter 2: “Transplantations and Borderlands”
True/False Questions
1. English colonies in the Chesapeake were first and foremost business enterprises. True: 36
2. The Jamestown settlement was an instant success. False: 37
3. John Smith imposed order on the Jamestown settlement, but he thought it wise not to
antagonize local Indians. False: 37
4. The tobacco culture of Virginia created great pressure for territorial expansion. True: 38
5. The first Africans to arrive in Virginia in 1619 were probably servants rather than slaves.
True: 39
6. The survival of Jamestown was largely a result of the English borrowing from the
agricultural knowledge of the Indians. True: 40
7. Virginia did not become a royal colony until the eve of the American Revolution. False: 40
8. The Englishmen who founded Maryland were Puritans, but not Separatists. False: 40
9. The founders of Maryland encouraged both Protestants and Catholics to migrate to the
colony. True: 41
10. Like Virginia, Maryland became a center for the cultivation of tobacco. True:41
11. During the middle of the seventeenth century, the right to vote in Virginia was becoming
more restricted. True: 42
12. Bacon’s Rebellion was undertaken to do away with slavery in Virginia. False: 42
13. Bacon’s Rebellion accelerated the development of slavery in Virginia. True: 42
14. White settlers learned crucial agricultural techniques such as annual burning and the planting
of beans to keep insect infestations at bay. False: 47-48
15. England’s Caribbean settlements were the main source of slaves for the English colonies of
North America. True: 57
16. The Mayflower Compact set forth the principles of the Puritan religion. False 43
17. James I of England may have believed in the divine right of kings, but he was not particularly
harsh in his treatment of Puritans. False: 44
18. Charles I dissolved Parliament and was later beheaded. True:50
19. Residents of Massachusetts generally had greater freedom of worship than the Puritans had
had in England. False: 45-46
20. Unlike the colonists of Jamestown, the Puritans of Massachusetts established settlements
based on families.
True: 45
21. Thomas Hooker and Roger Williams were both exiled and executed for their dissent on the
major tenets of Puritanism. False: 46
22. Both the Pequot War and King Philip’s War ended disastrously for the Indians. True: 49
23. Indians using bows and arrows often bested English settlers using matchlock rifles. True: 50
24. In the English Civil War, the Cavaliers captured King Charles I and beheaded him. False: 50
25. One result of the Stuart Restoration was the development of new colonies in North America.
True: 50
26. Philosopher John Locke helped draw up the Fundamental Constitution for Carolina. True: 51
27. The New Jersey colony developed no significant class of large landowners. True: 53
28. Quakers is a term applied to a dissenting English Protestant sect, the Society of Friends.
True: 53
29. During its early years, the Pennsylvania colony often faced financial ruin. False: 54
30. Like Pennsylvania, Georgia was founded as a religious colony. False: 59
31. California was first colonized by Spain, which used local Indians as its main source of labor.
True: 58
32. The “middle grounds” refers in part to areas on the western edges of English colonial
settlements. True: 59
33. The Navigation Acts were designed primarily to control migration into the Americas. False:
62-63
34. The Navigation Acts were a part of the English mercantile system.
True: 62
35. The Dominion of New England supported the colonists’ claims for the “rights of
Englishmen.” False: 63
36. The Glorious Revolution helped to solidify the Dominion of New England. False: 63
Chapter 3: “Society and Culture in Provincial America”
True/False Questions:
1. By the late seventeenth century, European and African immigrants outnumbered natives
along the Atlantic coast. True: 69
2. Most indentured servants came to the colonies voluntarily. True: 69
3. Indentured servitude developed out of practices in England. True: 68
4. Immigration was the most important factor for long-term English colonial population growth.
False: 70
5. Life expectancy in New England was higher than in England and in the rest of British North
America.
True: 70
6. Indentured servants were forbidden to marry until their terms of service were over. True: 71
7. In the 17th century, it was easy for women to enter the medical field as midwives. True: 70
8. Medical evidence suggests that bleeding a patient could assist in recovery from an illness.
False: 71
9. In the Chesapeake region, traditional patterns of male authority gradually took root during
the seventeenth century.
True: 72
10. Fewer than five percent of African slaves imported to the Americas arrived first in the
English colonies. True: 73
11. Black workers did not become generally available in British North America until the early
part of the eighteenth century. False: 73
12. Skin color was the only factor in determining whether a person was subject to slave codes.
True: 74-75
13. In the seventeenth century, most blacks who came to the English colonies in North America
came directly from Africa. False: 73
14. In the early seventeenth century, the legal status of slaves was ambiguous and fluid. True: 73
15. English America recognized no distinctions between pure Africans and people of mixed race.
True: 75
16. The first large group of non-English European immigrants to British North America was the
Huguenots. True: 75
17. The most numerous of the non-English European immigrants to British North America were
the Scots-Irish. Answer: True: 76
18. African slaves engaged in the cultivation of rice, but they were not very adept at it. False: 78
19. Colonial agriculture in the northern colonies was more diversified than in the southern
colonies. True: 79
20. Parliament passed the Iron Act in 1750 to encourage colonial production of this metal. F: 80
21. The most commonly owned tool on colonial American farms was the plow. False: 81
22. The British Navigation Acts were designed to protect England from foreign competition in
the colonies. True: 83
23. There were sharp social distinctions in the colonies, but the English class system did not take
root in the colonies. True: 83
24. Seventeenth-century colonial plantations were actually relatively small estates. True: 84
25. Because of their concentration on cotton, most southern plantations grew highly reliant on
small towns and cities for their supplies. False: 85
26. Some enslaved Africans became skilled crafts workers. True: 86
27. Very little slave resistance took the form of open rebellion.
True: 86
28. The characteristic social unit in N/England was the nuclear family living on a farm. False: 87
29. New Englanders did not adopt the English system of primogeniture. True: 88
30. The Salem girls who accused people of being witches never recanted their stories. False: 89
31. Most of those accused of witchcraft in Salem were women of low social position. True: 89
32. Belief in witchcraft was not a common feature of Puritan religious life. False: 89
33. Religious toleration was more pronounced in America than anywhere in Europe. True: 91
34. Puritanism in New England was confined to a single religious denomination. False: 91
35. The revival that was the Great Awakening was rooted in a desire to reinvigorate family life.
False: 92
36. The Enlightenment was the product of seventeenth-century scientific and intellectual
discoveries. True: 93
37. Enlightenment thought encouraged people to reject their religious faith. False: 93
38. Eighteenth-century literacy among American men was higher than in most European
countries. True: 93
39. Harvard College was created by Great Awakening ministers as a school for future ministers.
False: 95
40. The case of John Peter Zenger saw the courts rule that criticisms of the government were not
libelous if actually true. True: 96
41. During the course of colonial history, colonial legislatures grew increasingly accustomed to
operating on orders from Parliament. False: 87
Chapter 4: The Empire in Transition
True/False Questions
1. Eighteenth-century parliamentary leaders were less inclined than seventeenth-century
English monarchs to exert control over their empire.
Page: 102
2. The character of the royal officials in America contributed to the overall looseness of the
British imperial system.
Page: 102
3. Resistance to British imperial authority was centered among western farmers. Page: 102
4. Prior to the 1760s, cooperation between colonies was not good.
Page: 102-103
5. Colonial merchants proved their allegiance to the British during the Seven Years’ War.
Page: 108
6. In their competition for the allegiance of native tribes, the English could offer more and
better goods than the French. Page: 104
7. “Creole” refers to a white immigrant of French descent.
8. The British were more tolerant of Indian culture and Indian religions than were the French.
Page: 104
9. The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) signaled a rare French victory over the English. Page: 104
10. In the aftermath of King George’s War (1744-1748), relations among the English, French,
and Iroquois in North America rapidly deteriorated. Page: 105
11. The Peace of Paris (1763) saw the French retain a portion of their holdings on the North
American mainland. Page: 108
12. Following the Seven Years’ War, the British government faced huge problems of imperial
organization but had ample funds to deal with those problems.
Page: 108
13. During the Seven Years’ War the colonists evidenced an unwillingness to be taxed by
Parliament, but they were not reluctant to tax themselves.
Page: 109
14. The Proclamation of 1763 decreed that Parliament had the right to pass laws dealing with the
colonies.
Page: 112
15. The Proclamation of 1763 failed to meet even the modest expectations of the Indians. P. 112
16. The Currency Act of 1764 gave the colonial legislatures the power to print paper money.
Page: 112
17. The Paxton Boys and the Regulators were examples of colonists who objected to the Mutiny
Act of 1765.
Page: 112
18. Despite the flurry of parliamentary legislation after 1763, most colonists found ways either to
live with or to get around these laws.
Page: 114
19. In general, the colonists regarded the political burden of the post-1763 imperial program to
be worse than the economic burden.
Page: 114
20. The actual economic burdens of the Stamp Act were relatively light.
Page: 114
21. The Stamp Act was a direct attempt by Parliament to raise revenues in the colonies without
the consent of the colonial legislatures.
Page: 115
22. The Stamp Act was a parliamentary response to colonial objections to the Declaratory Act.
Page: 116
23. When the Stamp Act was repealed, the colonists were left with no real grievances against
British authority.
Page: 116-117
24. The colonists largely accepted the Townshend Duties, except for the tax on tea.
25. The Boston Massacre was the British response to the Boston Tea Party.
Page: 117
Page: 117-119
26. The Boston Massacre was followed by three years of relative peace and quiet. Page: 119
27. Parliament and the colonial legislatures did not always see eye to eye, but at least they shared
a similar understanding about the nature of representative government.
Page: 119
28. Massachusetts’s extensive tavern system contributed to the colony’s revolutionary activity.
Page: 120
29. The Tea Act of 1773 actually reduced the price of tea to colonial consumers. Page: 121
30. The Tea Act of 1773 angered colonial consumers, but not colonial merchants. Page: 121
31. The Coercive Acts were first a response to the Boston Massacre.
Page: 124
32. More people were killed in the Boston Tea Party than in the Boston Massacre. P. 118, 121
33. The Coercive Acts succeeded in isolating Massachusetts as the source of colonial discontent.
Page: 124
34. The First Continental Congress convened before the events at Lexington and Concord in
April 1775. Page: 126
35. The Conciliatory Propositions (1775) proposed that the colonists not be taxed by Parliament,
but rather tax themselves at Parliament’s demand. Page: 127
36. The British move on Lexington and Concord in April 1775 was designed to provoke a major
battle and end the war before it could really begin. Page: 127
Chapter 5: The American Revolution
True/False Questions
1. The Declaration of Independence borrowed heavily from previously written colonial
documents. Page: 133
2. The beginning of hostilities in 1775 found the colonies generally unprepared for war. P. 132
3. One effect the Declaration of Independence had was that individual colonies were motivated
to reconstitute themselves as “states.” Page: 133
4. Following Lexington and Concord, it is safe to say that most Americans now saw that they
were fighting for independence from Great Britain. Page: 132
5. To Thomas Paine it made “common sense” to break from Parliament, but not from the king.
Page: 132
6. In composing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson borrowed heavily from the
political theories of Thomas Hobbes. Page: 133
7. Both Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, and the various state legislatures had the
power to tax individual Americans. Page: 134
8. When George Washington took command of the Continental army, he did not have a great
deal of public confidence. Page: 135
9. The Battle of Saratoga (1777) was both a turning point in the Revolutionary War and a
victory for the colonists. Page: 140
10. During the Revolutionary War, the Iroquois Confederacy was united in its allegiance to Great
Britain. Page: 141
11. The United States never negotiated a formal alliance with France during the Revolutionary
War. Page: 142
12. France was an American ally during the Revolutionary War, but it did not provide the
Americans with significant amounts of money or munitions. Page: 142
13. Loyalist sentiment was thought to be stronger in the South than in the North. Page: 142
14. Cornwallis’s defeat at Yorktown led not only to the resignation of Lord North as prime
minister, but to public outcries in England against continuing the war. Page: 145
15. The Americans violated their alliance with France by negotiating a peace with Great Britain
without informing the French. Page: 145
16. Few Loyalists were so disaffected as to leave the United States as a result of their opposition
to the Revolutionary War. Page: 145
17. The influence of the Anglican Church in the United States was strengthened as a result of the
Revolutionary War. Page: 147
18. Both Quakers and Catholics were strengthened as a result of their support for the Patriot
cause and the Revolutionary War. Page: 147
19. For some African Americans, the Revolution meant increased exposure to the concept of
liberty. Page: 147
20. By the end of the Revolutionary War, the position of Native Americans in and near the
United States had been strengthened by their support of the Patriot cause. Page: 148
21. The Revolutionary War increased already-deep internal divisions among Native American
tribes. Page: 148
22. Women, sometimes by choice but more often by necessity, flocked to the camps of the
Patriot armies during the Revolutionary War. Page: 149
23. The American Revolution did little to change the legal status of American women. Page:
149
24. Under English common law, a single woman had greater legal rights than a married woman.
Page: 150
25. The general assumptions of American republicanism were modeled after those of French
thinkers. Page: 152
26. The republican concept of equality included the belief that not all people would live equally.
Page: 152
27. New state constitutions drafted during the Revolutionary War sought to expand the power of
the executive. Page: 152
28. Every new state constitution prevented the state’s governor from holding a seat in the state
legislature. Page: 152
29. When the United States began as a nation, most citizens were independent property holders.
Page: 152
30. Only a few of the new state constitutions provided for a two-house legislature. Page: 152
31. In 1780, Massachusetts began a trend by expanding the power of the state’s governor. Page:
152
32. Thomas Jefferson had deep moral misgivings about slavery, but he could not envision any
alternative to it. Page: 153
33. The Articles of Confederation provided for a separate judiciary and executive. Page: 153
34. The Articles of Confederation could not be amended until all thirteen state legislatures
approved. Page: 153
35. Throughout the 1780s, the British government refused to send a diplomatic minister to
America. Page: 154
36. The Confederation’s most important accomplishment was its resolution of controversies over
access to the Mississippi River. Page: 154
37. The ordinances of 1784 and 1785 were more favorable to settlers than to land speculators.
Page: 154-155
38. The Northwest Ordinance guaranteed freedom of religion and banned slavery. Page: 155
39. The precise rectangular grid pattern imposed on the Northwest Territory became the national
model for all subsequent federal land policies. Page: 155
40. Violence between Indians and whites on the northwest frontier largely subsided following the
establishment of the Constitution of 1787. Page: 156
41. Like Bacon’s Rebellion, Shays’s Rebellion occurred in Virginia. Page: 157
42. Shays’s Rebellion was such a failure that it lessened the sense of need for a new federal
constitution. Page: 157
Chapter 6: The Constitution and the New Republic
True/False Questions
1. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were allied in their commitment to the need for a
stronger federal government. Page: 163
2. George Washington was greatly alarmed by Shays’ Rebellion. Page: 163
3. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 greatly exceeded their instructions
from Congress and the states. Page: 164
4. The delegates who drafted the new Constitution were products of the American Revolution
but had lost their fears of concentrated power. Page: 164
5. At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, each delegate voted as an individual. Page: 164
6. The Virginia Plan called for a two-house legislature. Page: 164
7. The Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan were quite different, but each saw fit to give each
state equal representation. Page: 164
8. The Constitution was submitted to the states for ratification with the Bill of Rights. Page:
168-169
9. The new Constitution banned the slave trade, but it did not ban slavery. Page: 165
10. Under the new Constitution, the federal government would have the power to tax, regulate
commerce, and control the currency. Page: 165
11. Under the new Constitution, federal judges were appointed by the president and confirmed
by both houses of Congress. Page: 166
12. Before the new Constitution could go into effect, it had to be ratified by all thirteen existing
states. Page: 168
13. Like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson’s estate freed his slaves after his death. Page:
168
14. Supporters of the new Constitution were better organized than were their opponents. Page:
169
15. Ratification of the Constitution was given a big boost when New York and Virginia both
approved the document early in the ratification process. Page: 169
16. The Constitution determined that the number of justices on the Supreme Court would be
nine. Page: 170
17. Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton served as secretaries of state and the treasury,
respectively, under President George Washington. Page: 170
18. Alexander Hamilton wanted state debts to be assumed by the federal government so that the
entire debt could be paid off at once. Page: 170
19. Hamilton favored both a tariff on imports and a federal excise tax. Page: 171
20. Hamilton favored a government that would benefit the entrenched aristocracy but not
speculators. Page: 171
21. The most intense debates over Hamilton’s economic program were over his proposal for a
national bank. Page: 171
22. Hamilton’s economic program had the general support of both manufacturing interests and
small farmers. Page: 172
23. The new Constitution made no reference to political parties. Page: 172
24. The “Republicans” of the 1790s were institutionally related to the Republican Party of the
1850s. Page: 172
25. The Federalists were most powerful in the commercial centers of the Northeast. Page: 173
26. Jefferson favored an agrarian America, but he did not oppose industrial activity. Page: 173
27. The Constitution did little to resolve the place of Indian nations within the new United States.
Page: 174
28. Not until 1789—after the Constitution was ratified and the president and congress seated—
did Great Britain send a minister to the United States. Page: 174
29. In the 1790s there was general agreement that organized political parties had no place in a
stable republic. Page: 176
30. The Federalists fell victim to fierce factional rivalries after Washington’s retirement. Page:
176
31. Until the Twelfth Amendment was adopted, the Constitution provided for the candidate
receiving the second highest number of electoral votes to become vice president. Page:
177
32. The “XYZ Affair” involved the United States and England. Page: 177
33. The “XYZ Affair” took place during the administration of President John Adams. Page: 177
34. President Adams was an enthusiastic supporter of the Alien and Sedition Acts. Page: 178
35. Some Republicans were so upset by the Alien and Sedition Acts that they concluded that the
states had the power to nullify acts of Congress. Page: 178
36. The election of 1800 was decided in the House of Representatives. Page: 179
37. The Judiciary Act of 1801 was passed by a lame duck Federalist Congress. Page: 179
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
1. Edmund Randolph and James Madison wanted to strengthen the federal government with
their proposed ________ Plan. Page: 164
2. At the Philadelphia convention, the small-state plan was called the ________ Plan. Page: 164
3. The so-called Great Compromise settled the difficult problem of ________ at the
Philadelphia convention. Page: 165
4. James Madison decided that sovereignty ultimately resided with ________. Page: 165
5. The Constitution’s most distinctive feature was its ________. Page: 166
6. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay were the authors of ________. Page: 169
7. The Antifederalists’ biggest complaint was that the new Constitution did not have a(n)
________. Page: 169
8. On September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve amendments, ________ of which came
to comprise what we know as the Bill of Rights. Page: 169
9. The opponents of Hamilton and his economic plans called themselves ________. Page: 170
10. The institutionalized political factionalism of the 1790s is known as the “________.” Page:
173
11. Thomas Jefferson promoted a vision of a(n) ________ republic. Page: 173
12. At Hamilton’s urging, President Washington dispatched an army to put down the ________.
Page: 174
13. The United States and England negotiated a commercial treaty in 1794 called ________.
Page: 175
14. Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795 gave the United States the right to deposit goods at ________.
Page: 175
15. During the late 1790s, the United States fought something called a “quasi war” with
________. Page: 177
16. 108.
Madison and Jefferson responded to the Alien and Sedition Acts by drafting the
________ Resolutions. Page: 178
17. After the election of 1800, the ________ branch of government was the only branch
controlled by the Federalists. Page: 179
18. Jefferson referred to his election as the “________ of 1800.” Page: 179
Chapter 7: The Jeffersonian Era
True/False Questions
1. Jeffersonians believed in a smaller government, but they also favored a nationwide system of
public schools. Page: 184
2. The idea of the “republican mother” presumed that it was important that women be educated.
Page: 184
3. Jefferson believed that Native Americans were uncivilized and innately inferior. Page: 184185
4. Many efforts were made to educate both Native Americans and African slaves to “uplift”
them as people. Page: 185
5. In the early nineteenth century, primary and secondary education, but not higher education,
operated in close conformity to republican ideals. Page: 184-185
6. The early nineteenth-century growth of the medical profession resulted in an expansion in
opportunities for women. Page: 185
7. At the end of the eighteenth century, only a small proportion of white Americans were
members of formal churches. Page: 187
8. Philosophies such as universalism were not consistent with the doctrines of Calvinism. Page:
187
9. The Second Great Awakening succeeded in restoring to prominence traditional doctrines
such as predestination. Page: 187
10. The revivalism of the Second Great Awakening was essentially restricted to white people.
Page: 190
11. By the early nineteenth century, the United States began to have cities that approached the
major cities of Europe in population. Page: 195
12. By the end of Jefferson’s presidency, the capital city of Washington rivaled New York and
Philadelphia as a major American city. Page: 195-196
13. Jefferson tried to make sure that federal offices went to people who would be loyal to his
ideas and to his presidency. Page: 197
14. Jefferson as president was able to cut the size of government, but he was not able to reduce
the national debt. Page: 197
15. Jefferson was not a pacifist, but he did scale down the size of the American armed forces.
Page: 197
16. Republicans were most suspicious of the judicial branch of government. Page: 198
17. John Marshall was a Federalist who served during several Republican administrations. Page:
199-200
18. The terms of the Louisiana Purchase were made without the prior approval of either the
president or Congress. Page: 202-203
19. The Lewis and Clark expedition was organized over President Jefferson’s objections. Page:
203
20. Prior to their journey west in 1804, neither Lewis nor Clark had experience dealing with
Indians. Page: 203
21. Aaron Burr was convicted and imprisoned for the murder of Alexander Hamilton. Page: 205
22. The War of 1812 was caused by conflicts on the Atlantic Ocean and in the American West.
Page: 211
23. On the road to the War of 1812, most Americans regarded England as a greater violator of
American neutral rights than France, because England had the stronger navy. Page: 206
24. The clash between the Chesapeake and the Leopard resulted in a victory for the British ship.
Page: 206
25. Congress’s response to the violations of American neutral rights was to prohibit American
ships from leaving any American port for any foreign port in the world. Page: 206
26. The Battle of Tippecanoe was a rare Indian victory against the United States. Page: 209-210
27. At the time of the War of 1812, what is now Florida was held by Spain. Page: 210-211
28. Congressmen who were labeled “war hawks” were generally Revolutionary veterans.
Page: 210-211
29. During the War of 1812, Andrew Jackson made a name for himself in Florida and at New
Orleans. Page: 211
30. By the time of the War of 1812, the Federalist Party was the minority party nationally, but it
was still the majority party in New England. Page: 213
31. The Hartford Convention called for secession from the United States. Page: 213
32. In the Treaty of Ghent, the British renounced their practice of impressments. Page: 213
33. The War of 1812 gave the Indian tribes east of the Mississippi at least a glimmer of better
days to come in their ongoing battle to resist white expansion. Page: 214
Chapter 8: Varieties of American Nationalism
True/False Questions
1. The War of 1812 demonstrated the growth of an American transportation system.
Page: 220
2. The first national bank had gone out of existence before the War of 1812. Page: 219
3. The end of the War of 1812 suddenly improved the prospects for American industrial
development. Page: 219
4. President Madison believed that federal funding of internal improvements required a
constitutional amendment. Page: 221
5. Between 1800 and 1820 the population of America grew very slowly. Page: 222
6. Life in the western territories in the early nineteenth century was almost exclusively one of
solitary existence and individual self-reliance. Page: 222
7. Western settlements were generally opened by people who lived in eastern seaboard cities.
Page: 222
8. Fur traders consistently relied on Indians to trap, while they served as the middlemen. Page:
223
9. President James Monroe began his administration under what seemed to be remarkably
favorable circumstances. Page: 225
10. As President, James Monroe acted to preserve the “Virginia Dynasty.” Page: 225
11. The Federalist Party made a surprising comeback during the presidency of James Monroe.
Page: 225
12. Western Americans tended to blame the national bank for the Panic of 1819. Page: 226
13. New management and more specifically new business practices at the Bank of the United
States caused several state banks to fail. Page: 226
14. The Missouri Compromise preserved equality between free and slave state representatives in
the House of Representatives. Page: 227
15. The Marshall Court strengthened the federal government at the expense of the states. Page:
227
16. The Marshall Court upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the US. Page: 227
17. The Marshall Court gave its approval to the Bank of the United States even as it ruled that
state legislatures could tax the bank. Page: 227
18. The Marshall Court accepted the argument that Indian tribes were foreign nations. Page: 228
19. In Worcester v. Georgia, the Marshall Court upheld the right of a state legislature to regulate
Indian affairs. Page: 228
20. The Monroe Doctrine was primarily the work of John Quincy Adams. Page: 228
21. The Monroe Doctrine was consistent with the spirit of nationalism at work in the United
States during the 1820s. Page: 229
22. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, opponents of centralization had also often been
opponents of economic growth. Page: 229
23. The “tariff of abominations” was most strenuously opposed by the people of New England.
Page: 231
24. Prior to running for the presidency in 1824, Andrew Jackson was a military man who had
never held elective office. Page: 230
25. In 1824, Andrew Jackson received the most popular votes and electoral votes. Page: 230
26. Both the 1824 and 1828 presidential elections were decided by the House of Representatives.
Page: 230-231
27. To many in 1828, the election of Andrew Jackson as president was a victory for the
“common man.” Page: 231
Chapter 9: Jacksonian America
True/False Questions
1. Jacksonian democracy included a weak challenge to the institution of slavery. Page: 240
2. The “age of Jackson” was less a triumph for the common man than conservatives feared.
Page: 236
3. More people gained the right to vote in the 1830s, but requirements for voters to own
property remained in place. Page: 236
4. The Dorr Rebellion was generally consistent with Jacksonian principles. Page: 236-237
5. During the Jacksonian era, free blacks could not vote at all in the South, and could hardly
vote anywhere in the North. Page: 237
6. One of the major reforms of the Jacksonian period was the introduction of the secret ballot.
Page: 237
7. In 1840, the number of adult white males who voted in the presidential election had risen to
80 percent. Page: 237
8. During the Jacksonian period, political parties were regarded as a threat to democracy.
Page: 239
9. The Whig Party held the first national party convention. Page: 240
10. As president, Andrew Jackson’s first political target was the Bank of the United States. Page:
240
11. National political conventions were introduced during the Jacksonian period in order to
expand the democratic process. Page: 240
12. Andrew Jackson believed a strong federal government would lead to a strong democracy.
Page: 240
13. As Andrew Jackson’s vice president, John C. Calhoun became a strong Jackson opponent.
Page: 240-241
14. The Peggy Eaton affair improved Andrew Jackson’s relationship with John C. Calhoun.
Page: 241
15. The Webster-Hayne debate primarily concerned the issue of the sale of public lands. Page:
242
16. Calhoun’s defense of his doctrine of nullification was directed primarily at the issue of
tariffs. Page: 241
17. Andrew Jackson sided with Robert Hayne in the Webster-Hayne debate. Page: 242
18. President Jackson considered those who favored nullification to be traitors. Page: 243
19. President Jackson was a strong advocate for protecting the autonomy of Indian tribes. Page:
243
20. In the early nineteenth century, many whites viewed Indians as “noble savages.” Page: 244
21. President Jackson sought to remove all of the eastern Indian tribes except the “Five Civilized
Tribes.” Page: 244
22. In the Black Hawk War, white forces attacked Indians as they surrendered and retreated.
Page: 244
23. In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled against the Indian tribe. Page: 245
24. Unlike most other tribes, the relocation of the Seminole in Florida was never completed.
Page: 246
25. In the 1830s, as a result of removal policies, the United States gained control of more than
100 million acres of Indian lands. Page: 246
26. President Jackson vetoed the Maysville Road because the road was contained in one state and
thus not part of “interstate commerce.” Page: 247
27. Opposition to the Bank of the United States came from both “soft-money” and “hard-money”
advocates. Page: 248
28. The results of the election of 1832 could be interpreted as a defeat for both Henry Clay and
Nicholas Biddle. Page: 248
29. The case of Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge could be interpreted as a victory for the
forces of democracy. Page: 249
30. Although a political opponent and a supporter of the Bank of the United states, Henry Clay
wanted President Jackson to veto the 1932 bill that would recharter the bank.
Page: 248
31. The Whigs were more concerned with their political philosophy than with winning elections.
Page: 250
32. Jacksonians were more likely than Whigs to favor territorial expansion. Page: 251
33. The Democrats were more likely than Whigs to oppose legislation establishing banks.
Page: 251
34. The well-to-do were more likely to support Whigs than Democrats. Page: 251
35. The Panic of 1837 began the worst American depression to that point. Page: 252
36. The “penny press” was more lively and sensationalistic than previous newspapers. Page:
256-257
37. The Washington Star was the first of the new “penny press” newspapers. Page: 256
38. In 1840 the Whigs elected a president for the first time. Page: 254
39. John Tyler saw every cabinet member but one resign together from his administration. Page:
254
40. The Aroostook War was the result of tensions between Canada and Maine. Page: 255
41. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 was strongly criticized in the US. Page: 256
42. During the Tyler administration, the United States established diplomatic relations with
China. Page: 256
Chapter 10: America’s Economic Revolution
True/False Questions
1. Immigration contributed little to the American population in the first three decades of the
nineteenth century. Page: 262
2. Between 1840 and 1860, the South experienced a decline in its percentage of urban residents.
Page: 263
3. Much of the new pre-Civil War immigration went into the growing cities of the United
States. Page: 263
4. The great majority of pre-Civil War immigrants came from Ireland and England. Page: 263
5. Most of the pre-Civil War Irish and German immigrants who came to the United States did
so as families, as opposed to as single men and women. Page: 265
6. In the pre-Civil War period, turnpikes were regarded as an improvement over canals as a
means of transportation. Page: 269
7. The Erie Canal was the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken. Page:
270
8. Railroads played a relatively minor role in American transportation during the 1820s and
1830s. Page: 272
9. The development of a railroad system weakened connections between the Northwest and the
South. Page: 272
10. One of the first businesses to benefit from the telegraph was the railroads. Page: 274
11. In 1844, Samuel Morse showed off his invention by telegraphing news of Zachary Taylor’s
nomination for the presidency over the wires from Baltimore to Washington. Page: 274
12. Until the Civil War, newspapers relied on mail transported by train for the exchange of news.
Page: 274
13. By 1860, over half of the manufacturing establishments in the United States were located
west of the Mississippi River. Page: 276
14. Many of the free blacks in the North were people who had been skilled crafts workers as
slaves and who bought or were given their freedom. Page: 284
15. Given the rapid increase in population, recruiting a labor force was a fairly easy task in the
early years of the American factory system. Page: 277
16. The United States military was a center for innovations in new machine tools and industry.
Page: 276
17. By 1860, the number of American inventions to receive patents reached nearly 2,000. Page:
276
18. The transition from farm life to factory life in pre-Civil War America was difficult at best
and traumatic at worst. Page: 281
19. The paternalistic nature of the Lowell factory system lasted through the Civil War. Page: 282
20. Skilled craftsmen organized trade unions due to the rise of the “factory system.” Page: 283
21. Commonwealth v. Hunt was a Massachusetts Supreme Court case which declared that labor
unions were lawful organizations. Page: 283
22. Virtually all of the early craft unions excluded women, even though female workers were
numerous in almost every industry. Page: 284
23. In most cities of the East prior to the Civil War, the income gap between rich and poor
gradually narrowed. Page: 284
24. Despite contrasts between great wealth and great poverty, there was very little overt class
conflict in pre-Civil War America. Page: 286
25. The fastest-growing group in America prior to the Civil War was the working poor. Page:
287
26. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the American birth rate declined. Page: 288
27. For most Americans in the nineteenth century, vacations were rare. Page: 292
28. For most nineteenth-century urban Americans, leisure activities grew more varied.
Page: 292
29. The pre-Civil War “cult of domesticity” left women increasingly detached from the public
world. Page: 292
30. Public lectures were one of the most popular forms of entertainment in America prior to the
Civil War. Page: 292
31. As of the middle of the nineteenth century, the typical citizen of the Northwest was a poor,
marginal farmer. Page: 293
32. By the 1840s, much of American grain production had become mechanized. Page: 294
33. The Northwest was the most self-consciously democratic section of the United States, but it
was also a relatively conservative part of the country. Page: 294
34. Pre-Civil War rural communities were usually populated by a diverse mix of ethnic groups.
Page: 294
35. Prior to 1860, rural Americans rarely had contact with the rest of the world. Page: 294
Chapter 11: Cotton, Slavery, and the Old South
True/False Questions
1. The North, unlike the South, experienced great economic growth in the mid-nineteenth
century.
Page: 299
2. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the South underwent a much less fundamental
transformation than did the North.
Page: 299
3. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the center of economic power in the South
shifted from the upper South to the lower South.
Page: 299
4. The South had an inadequate transportation system and only a rudimentary financial system as
late as the middle of the nineteenth century.
Page: 300
5. James De Bow argued that the South should pursue agricultural development while relying on
the North for industrial goods and capital.
Page: 302
6. Approximately one-third of southern whites owned slaves.
Page: 303
7. The southern planter class exercised power far in excess of its numbers. Page: 303
8. The southern planter class was quite similar to the landed aristocracies of Europe.
Page: 303
9. Society in the antebellum South placed the plantation owner at the top of the social order.
Page 303
10. Prior to 1860, southern aristocratic ideals were largely myths.
Page: 303
11. Southern white women had less access to education than their northern counterparts. P: 305
12. Southern women generally had final authority on issues related to the home and children.
Page: 305
13. The mountain regions were the only parts of the South to resist the movement toward
secession when it finally developed.
Page: 307
14. In the South, small farmers, often as much as great planters, were committed to the plantation
system.
Page: 307
15. In the South, the most significant opposition to the slave system came from the poorest of
southern whites.
Page: 307
16. By the mid-nineteenth century, slavery in the western world existed only in the American
South.
Page: 307-308
17. The slave system may have created separate spheres for blacks and whites, but each race was
nonetheless dependent on the other.
Page: 308
18. Slave codes prevented slaves from owning property, but they encouraged slaves to marry.
Page: 308
19. According to some scholars, the actual material conditions of American slavery may have
been better than those of some northern factory workers and better than those of both
peasants and industrial workers in much of nineteenth-century Europe.
Page: 309
20. Within the slave family, women had special burdens, but also a special authority. Page: 309
21. The nuclear family was the dominant kinship model among the slaves of the South. P: 315
22. Household servants were often the first to leave plantations of their former owners when
emancipation came after the Civil War. Page: 310
23. In southern cities, slave tasks might include mining, lumbering, blacksmith, or carpentry.
Page: 311
24. From the 1830s on, state laws governing slavery became gradually less rigid. Page: 312
25. Most often, resistance to slavery took the form of open rebellion.
26. For the most part, slaves rejected Christianity.
Page: 314
Page: 315
27. Slaves were expected by their owners to attend church.
Page: 315
28. 73. The banjo was an important instrument in slave music.
Page: 316
29. Slave spirituals were written down and passed on to generations of African Americans. P:316
30. Most enslaved black couples married with formal wedding vows.
Page: 315
31. It was common for slaves to hold an entirely hostile attitude toward their owners. P: 308
Chapter 12: Antebellum Culture and Reform
True/False Questions
1. Above all, nineteenth-century reform movements in the United States promoted racial
equality. Page: 321
2. The romantic movement originated in American intellectual circles. Page: 322
3. Hudson River School artists felt America had more promise than Europe. Page: 322
4. Many of the Hudson River School artists expressed a nostalgic view of nature. Page: 322
5. James Fenimore Cooper thought Americans should become more like Europeans. Page: 332
6. Herman Melville was less exuberant in his celebration of the human spirit than was Walt
Whitman. Page: 323
7. Edgar Allan Poe’s writings focused on the bleak nature of the human spirit and emotions.
Page: 323
8. Mark Twain was the leading writer in the southern romantic tradition. Page: 323-324
9. American transcendentalists borrowed heavily from European thinkers. Page: 324
10. Ralph Waldo Emerson was both a minister and a transcendentalist philosopher. Page: 324
11. Henry David Thoreau favored the solitary life, but was publicly against civil disobedience.
Page: 324
12. Both Brook Farm and New Harmony were essentially failures as communal experiments.
Page: 325
13. The Oneida Community sought to redefine gender roles and engage in “free love.” Page: 326
14. Both the Oneida Community and the Shakers were committed to celibacy. Page: 326
15. Like other mid-nineteenth-century experiments in social organization, Mormons believed in
human perfectibility. Page: 328
16. The Mormons were forced to abandon their settlement at Nauvoo due to persecution from
neighbors. Page: 328
17. The search for social discipline was particularly clear in the battle over prohibition laws,
which pitted established Catholics against new Protestants immigrants, to many of whom
drinking was an important social ritual and an integral part of the life of their
communities. Page: 329
18. Evangelical Protestantism was at odds with the reform spirit of the pre-Civil War period.
Page: 329
19. Nearly a quarter of the population of New Orleans died in 1833 as a result of a cholera
outbreak. Page: 329-330
20. Sylvester Graham encouraged people to eat more fruits and vegetables and less meat. Page:
330
21. The study of the human brain through phrenology was the origin of modern psychology.
Page: 330
22. Most early nineteenth-century American physicians opposed efforts to regulate the
profession. They considered the licensing of physicians to be “undemocratic.” Page: 331
23. By the 1850s, the principle of tax-supported elementary schools had been established in
every state. Page: 332
24. By 1860, public schools in the United States had failed to produce significant improvement
in education. Page: 332
25. By the beginning of the Civil War, the United States had one of the highest literacy rates of
any nation of the world. Page: 332
26. Horace Mann believed public education should promote both democracy and social order.
Page: 332
27. Reformers of the pre-Civil War period thought it was possible to rehabilitate criminals
through solitary confinement. Page: 333
28. Reformers believed the concept of Indian reservations was beneficial to both whites and
Indians. Page: 333-334
29. By the 1840s, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott sought to apply the equality of
treatment they received in the abolition movement to all aspects of female life. Page: 336
30. The Seneca Falls “Declaration of Sentiments” included a demand that women have the right
to vote. Page: 336
31. The American Colonization Society called for the gradual freeing of slaves and monetary
compensation to slaves’ former owners. Page: 337
32. Many blacks rejected the American Colonization Society’s offer to return them to Africa.
Page: 337
33. In the North, abolitionists were a small, dissenting minority of the total population. Page: 337
34. William Lloyd Garrison was assassinated for his advocacy of abolitionism. Page: 338
35. William Lloyd Garrison was a harsh critic of the United States government. Page: 338
36. Amistad was an American slave ship originally destined for Florida. Page: 341
37. The antislavery Liberty Party never campaigned for outright abolitionism. Page: 341
38. Americans in the free-soil movement sought to open up sections of the West to blacks.
Page: 341
39. The events depicted in Uncle Tom’s Cabin were taken from news accounts. Page: 342
Chapter 13: The Impending Crisis
True/False Questions
1. Some advocates of Manifest Destiny believed the United States should control the Western
Hemisphere.
Page: 349
2. President Andrew Jackson did not favor the annexation of Texas.
Page: 351
3. Texas was a territory of Mexico at the time that it came into the Union. Page: 350, 355
4. In the 1820s, the United States and Britain jointly occupied Oregon.
Page: 351
5. Indian attacks on white migrants as they traveled west were rare.
Page: 353
6. On the trails westward, almost everyone, male and female, walked most of the time. P: 354
7. Most travelers going west found the experience both exhilarating and solitary. Page: 354
8. The presidential election of 1844 was a contest between Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren.
Page: 354
9. In 1844, the Democratic Party was more pro-expansionist than was the Whig Party.
Page: 354-355
10. President Polk was willing to go to war over Oregon rather than accept a divide at the 49th
parallel. Page: 355
11. The immediate cause of war between the US and Mexico was a border dispute. P: 355-356
12. The US went to war with Mexico in 1846 without a formal declaration of war.
Page: 357
13. President Polk used the American victory over Mexico to secure his reelection. Page: 359
14. In the Mexican War, American troops seized the capital of Mexico City.
Page: 358
15. The Wilmot Proviso passed Congress but was vetoed by President Polk.
Page: 359
16. The Free-Soil Party first appeared in 1848.
Page: 359
17. Only a tiny fraction of the so-called Forty-niners ever discovered gold in California. P: 360
18. Most participants in the California gold rush left the state within a few months. Page: 361
19. California’s population was very homogeneous.
Page: 361
20. President Taylor favored admitting California to the Union as a free state.
Page: 361
21. The Compromise of 1850 essentially restored the Missouri Compromise.
P: 361-362
22. The Compromise of 1850 was the product of broad agreement on common national ideals.
Page: 361-362
23. Both major parties endorsed the Compromise of 1850.
Page: 361-362
24. The Compromise of 1850 included a Fugitive Slave Act.
Page: 361-362
25. The “Young America” movement sought to unite the nation.
Page: 363
26. The Ostend Manifesto angered many antislavery northerners.
Page: 363
27. The Gadsden Purchase served to accentuate sectional rivalry.
Page: 363
28. Stephen Douglas was a strong opponent of the transcontinental railroad.
Page: 363
29. The Kansas-Nebraska Act included an explicit repeal of the Missouri Compromise. P: 364
30. The Kansas-Nebraska Act played a major role in the demise of the Whig Party. Page: 364
31. The Kansas-Nebraska Act helped create the Republican Party.
Page: 364
32. Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner were on opposite sides in the battle over “Bleeding
Kansas.” Page: 365
33. The author of Uncle Tom`s Cabin was a pro-slavery woman.
Page: 366
34. Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican candidate to run for president.
Page: 368
35. In 1856, the Republican Party deliberately selected a candidate directly connected to the
issue of “Bleeding Kansas.”
Page: 368
36. Millard Fillmore was the third presidential candidate in 1856.
Page: 368
37. The Dred Scott decision represented a stunning defeat for the pro-slavery movement. P: 368
38. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled with the majority in the Dred Scott case. Page: 368
39. The Dred Scott decision endorsed the Missouri Compromise.
Page: 368
40. President James Buchanan opposed the Dred Scott decision.
Page: 368
41. The Lecompton constitution was a pro-slavery document.
Page: 368
42. In the end, Kansas voters rejected the Lecompton constitution.
Page: 368-369
43. Lincoln and the Republicans advocated the social equality of the races.
Page: 369
44. Abraham Lincoln believed that slavery was wrong, but he was not an abolitionist. P: 369
45. John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry was supported by the Republican Party. Page: 370
46. The Democrats ran two candidates in the election of 1860.
Page: 370
47. To broaden its appeal in 1860, the Republicans endorsed a number of traditionally Whig
Party ideas.
Page: 370
48. Lincoln was elected in 1860 with less than a majority of the popular vote.
Page: 370