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What do these events mean? EVENT – Battle between ironclad ships March 9, 1862 Supporting details: 1. Foreshadowing a new kind of modern warfare, a battle between two ironclad ships, the Union’s Monitor and the Confederate’s Merrimac, ended in a draw. 2. These two “gladiators of the sea” fought a two-hour battle off Hampton Roads, Virginia. 3. Tactically, neither side won the struggle, but an edge was given to the Union ship because Northern fears of the Merrimac’s potential to destroy the federal fleet had been put to rest. Result: EVENT – Grants battles Rebels at Shiloh April 7, 1862 Supporting details: 1. With early victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, Union General U. S. Grant continued his success at the battle of Shiloh, in central Tennessee. 2. After almost losing his entire army to a Confederate surprise attack, Grant beat Confederate armies under the command of General A. Johnston. 3. Much of this incredibly bloody battle was fought in full-bloom peach orchards near a church named Shiloh, near Pittsburgh Landing. 4. Shiloh was one of the bloodiest battles in U.S. history. Result: EVENT – Admiral Farragut captures New Orleans for Union April 25, 1862 Supporting details: 1. The fleet under Admiral David Farragut captured the largest city in the Confederacy, New Orleans. 2. The naval victory illustrated again the Union supremacy in sea power. 3. The battle lasted ten days at the mouth of the Mississippi River, but began with prolonged bombardments of Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip, which guarded the approach to the southern city. 4. Once the Union navy dodged Confederate fire rafts and occupied the city, the officials of New Orleans surrendered. Result: What do these events mean? EVENT – Federal Homestead Law signed May 20, 1862 Supporting details: 1. In an action geared to appeal to Northern voters, Congress passed the Homestead Act, permitting any citizen over 21 to own a free plot of 160 acres on public land. All they had to do was occupy and improve it for five years. 2. Many in Congress opposed it at first, for they thought such a law would drain men and money from their regions. Others feared a movement of anti-slavery Northerners into the West. 3. With no Southerners in Congress, the law had weaker opposition. Result: EVENT – Stonewall Jackson’s classic offensive highlights Shenandoah campaign May-June, 1862 Supporting details: 1. Ordered by General Lee to conduct “diversionary” operations in the strategic Shenandoah Valley, Stonewall Jackson instead staged a brilliant campaign that could be called classic. 2. In doing so, he forced the Union to divert troops from other areas to protect Washington, whose people were panicky. 3. In only 30 days, Jackson achieved immortal military fame. His infantry marched 350 miles, defeated three separate Union armies in five battles, inflicted twice the casualties, seized numerous supplies, and caused havoc everywhere he rode. Result: EVENT – McClellan loses Seven Days’ Battle: Lee could seize momentum June 25-July 1, 1862 Supporting details: 1. The battle that is becoming known as the Seven days Battle is over, and the Union lost the initiative just east of the Confederate capital of Richmond. 2. Over the seven days five battles were fought between McClellan and Lee’s troops. 3. Roundly defeated at Mechanicsville, Gaine’s Mill, Savage Station, and Frayser’s Farm, McClellan’s Army of the Potomac retreated to the James River, despite superior numbers in all these battles. Result: What do these events mean? EVENT – Confederates win second battle at Bull Run Aug 29-30, 1862 Supporting details: 1. Thirteen months after a Confederate victory at Bull Run, both armies returned to familiar ground and fought a second battle with the same results – a stunning Rebel victory. 2. Led by General Lee and his second in command, Stonewall Jackson, the Confederate force overcame an early Union success to win Union troops led by General John Pope. 3. The Rebels were aided by an attack, accompanied by “a rebel yell reverberating across the field.” Pope’s army fled in retreat, discrediting his generalship. Result: EVENT – Sioux uprising put down in Minnesota Aug-Sept. 1862 Supporting details: 1. Despite the Civil War, which raged in the east, Minnesota’s Sioux Indians, in an effort to eliminate white settlers from their ancestral lands, harassed and killed more than 800 settlers as they raided. 2. The raids were led by Chief Little Crow who met his match in state militia Colonel Henry Sibley. 3. When the frontier was finally pacified and the Indians subdued, more than 1500 Sioux were captured. 4. After trials in military courts, nearly 300 were hanged. Result: EVENT – Bloody Antietam gives Union victory Sept. 17, 1862 Supporting details: 1. The Union achieved its first major victory at Antietam, when after an incredible carnage, Lee’s Confederates withdrew back into Virginia. 2. The Union troops, led by General McClellan, had a crucial if not decisive victory. 3. Interestingly, only days before the battle, Union cavalry found a copy of Lee’s orders to his commanders near an abandoned Rebel campsite. 4. McClellan followed up, but still paused before his attack and lost any advantage. Result: What do these events mean? EVENT – Union disaster at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862 Supporting details: 1. Another Confederate victory was achieved at Fredericksburg, Virginia, on the Rappahannock River, when General Lee’s Rebel troops successfully defended the city from a line of fortified hills called Marye’s Heights. 2. The Union attack, commanded by General Burnside, was a disaster. More than 12,000 Union troops were massacred as they attacked the hills. 3. Disappointed with Burnside and, before him, the indecisive McClellan, Lincoln replaced Burnside with General Hooker. Result: