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Chapter 12
The Nation Grows and Expands
Power Point Notes.
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution Begins
 What is the Industrial Revolution?

_______________________ replaced hand tools.


_______________________________ replaced human and animal power.
Where and when did the industrial revolution start?

What industry was first changed by the industrial revolution?

Who developed the spinning jenny and when?

What is a spinning jenny? What made it unique? (How was it different?)


Before the industrial revolution most spinning and weaving took place __________________.
How did the factory system change where spinning and weaving took place?

What is a factory system?

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_________________ is needed to set up and operate a spinning mill.
What is capital?

What is a capitalist?
A Revolution Crosses the Atlantic


_______________ wanted to keep its new technology ________________.
Why would they want to keep it a secret?

Who broke the British law that forbids anyone from taking the plans for the new machinery out
of the country?
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Why and how did he break the law?

What capitalist does Slater help? How? Where?

How did Slater’s wife, Hannah, contribute?

What are interchangeable parts?


______________________ came up with the idea of interchangeable parts.
What are the benefits of interchangeable parts?

How did Whitney sell his idea?
Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model Factory Town
 How did the British blockade in the War of 1812 boost the American economy?


_________________________________, a Boston merchant, found a way to improve on British
textile mills.
What was his idea?

What occurred after Lowell died?

________________________ were girls who worked for a few years in the mills before
returning home to marry.
How did the company reassure parents that it was okay to send their daughters to work?
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Advantages/Disadvantages for working in the mill
Advantages (Pros)
Disadvantages (Cons)
Daily Life during the Industrial Revolution
 Why did most factory owners hire women and children (not grown men)?


Boys and girls as young as ____________ worked in factories.
Why were small children especially useful in textile mills?
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
Was using child labor at this time deemed to be cruel?

What were the working hours in a mill?

How did this compare to the farmers work day?

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the roles of women?
o Poor families:
o Wealthier families:
Growing Cities
 What is urbanization?

In 1800, _______________ of the nation’s population lived in urban areas.

By 1850, _______________of the nation’s population lived in urban areas.


By 1920, _______________ of the nation’s population lived in urban areas.
What were the hazards of growing cities?

What attractions did growing cities have?
Americans Move Westward
Traveling West
 What were the names of some of the routes to the west?

What is a flatboat?

Why were they suited to shallow waters?

What was required for a territory to become a state (Northwest Ordinance of 1787)?

Between 1792 and 1819 which territories applied for statehood (names and dates)?
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Improvements to Roads
 What were the problems of many American roads?


____________________ built gravel and stone roads?
How were these roads paid for?

What is a turnpike?

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The ___________________was probably the best road in the U.S.
What cities did it connect?

Why was it the best?
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What is a corduroy road?
Daniel Boone and the Wilderness Road?


For the first time, in 1806, Congress approved funds for a ______________________________.
The National Road
o Where:
o When:
o Why did it take so long:
Steam Transport
 Why would you want to travel on a boat rather than a wagon?

What is a difficulty of river travel?

In 1807 Robert Fulton launched his steamboat, named _________________________.
o Where did it travel:
o How long would a 300-mile trip take?
 Now people and _______________ could be moved more easily and cheaply.

The Canal Boom
 Why did Americans need to start building canals?

What is a canal?
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The Erie Canal links __________________ with the ____________________.
Who thought that the plan to build a canal was farfetched?

Who ignored the criticisms?

What did the critics call the Erie Canal?

How long did the canal take to finish?

What was the impact of the Erie Canal?
Unity and Division
An Era of Good Feelings
 Why were Americans proud of their country?

______________________ becomes president in 1816. He was a ____________________.

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This election showed how weak the ________________________________ was.
How did it show their weakness?

Who is Monroe?

What did Monroe hope to create during his presidency?

By the time Monroe ran for a 2nd term in 1820 he ran _____________________.
o Why?:
Three Sectional Leaders
 While conflicts between political parties _________________, disputes between different
sections of the nation ________________________________.
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South
North
West
Economy
Name of spokesperson
Description of
spokesperson
Position on the War of
1812
Position on Slavery
Government Size
Helping American Businesses Grow
 Why was America facing economic problems?

Why was this a problem?

How did states make this problem worse?

What group now realizes the need for a national bank and supports a law to charter the second
bank of the United States?


By _______________________ and _____________________ to the nation’s money supply, the
Bank helped American businesses grow.
What was another economic problem that faced our growing nation? From who?

Why were British goods cheaper?

What was the economic plan of some British merchants?

Americans want Congress to pass a __________________________ to protect American
industries from foreign competition.

In response to this request Congress passes the _________________ which raised the tariffs on
imports.
Who was against the tariff? Why?
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
Clay’s American System
 The disputes over tariffs reflected the growth of ___________________________.
.
 What is sectionalism?

What is the American System?
o Henry Clay’s program that would promote _______________________ for all sections.
o It supported…
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
What was Clay’s reasoning for having high tariffs?

What was Clay’s reasoning for building a better transportation system?

Clay’s system ______________________ went into effect.


Congress spent little on________________________.
Who disliked Clay’s plan? Why?
The Supreme Court Expands Federal Power
 Who is Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

McCulloch v. Maryland-1819
o What happened?
 After Congress chartered the second Bank of the United States Maryland
_________________________ the Bank in order to _________________
__________________.
o Who?
o Ruling:


o This ruling ______________________________ federal power.
Gibbons v. Ogden-1824
o What happened?
o Ruling:
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o What is interstate commerce?
New Nations in the Americas
Revolution in Latin America
 What is Latin America composed of?

Define Creole:

Why did people in Spain’s American colonies want their independence?

__________________________ sounded toe call for Mexican independence in 1810.

Under his leadership rebels took control of several provinces, but he was _______________ and
________________________ in 1811.
 What did Jose Morelos, another priest call for?

Who opposed this?

Like Father Hidalgo, Morelos was also ______________ and _______________ by the Spanish.
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In ___________________ Mexico gains independence!
Who was the best known revolutionary leader in South America? What was his nickname?
o
 Description:

How and when did he defeat the Spanish?

Soon after he became president of the __________________________________.
 Present Day:

Jose de San Martin led ____________________________ to freedom in 1816.
o What other countries did he help gain independence?

In 1821, the people from ____________________________ declared independence from Spain.

Two years later they formed the ___________________________________________________.
o What is this?
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By 1825, Spain had lost all of its colonies in Latin America except _________ and _________
___________.

What colony won its independence peacefully? How?
The New Republics
 Who did Spain’s former colonies model their constitutions after?

How was gaining their independence different from when Americans gained independence?
o
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Why?
The United States Gains Florida
 Why would the U.S want Florida?

Who were the “black Seminoles?”

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The ____________________________ contained about 1,000 African Americans?
What happened to the fort when the Spanish did not listen to Jackson when he said to destroy it?

Why did Spain agree to peace talks?
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Secretary of State, ______________________________, worked out the treaty with Spain.
What was the name of the treaty? When?

What were the terms?
o
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The Monroe Doctrine
 Why were President Monroe and Secretary of State Adams worried after the Latin American
nations won their independence?
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_________________________ agreed with the U.S. on this issue because they wanted to protect
the profitable trade they were conducting with the newly freed countries.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
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What does it state?
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The U.S. did not have the __________________________ to enforce the Monroe Doctrine.
Who did have the military power?
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Define intervention:
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As the U.S. grew stronger the Monroe Doctrine grew in ________________________________.

Presidents still used the Monroe Doctrine to justify foreign policy in the ___________________.
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