Download 17.2 Final Exam Study Guide: PUT YOUR ANSWERS IN RED This

17.2 Final Exam Study Guide:
PUT YOUR ANSWERS IN RED
This study guide is a TOOL for you to use as you take your exam. All the information you need to
answer these questions is located in the power points. This study guide will not be graded for
accuracy. It is up to you to find the correct answers!
Good luck on your exam!!
MODULE ONE: Scientific Method
1. What is the purpose of the “control group” in an experiment?
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the four main branches of Earth Science? Geology,
Oceanography, Hydrology, Astronomy, Astrology
3. Would quantitative or qualitative be a good measurement that can be recorded in a table or
chart?
4. Give a definition of all the following terms:
 Observations:
 Research:
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Hypothesis:
Materials:
Experimental Procedure:
Independent variable:
Dependent variable:
Control:
Constant:
Data:
Conclusion:
Publish:
Replicate:
MODULE TWO: Human Impact on the Lithosphere. Highlight the correct answer
5. Which of the following is not an impact that humans have on the lithosphere?
 Use of Fossil Fuels
 Pollution (Smog)
 Soil Pollution
 Mining,
 earthquakes
6. Which one of these is NOT an impact of using fossil fuels?
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Air pollution
Increase in greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide
Increase in the heating of the Earth's surface due to more greenhouse gases being
emitted
Radioactive decay of nuclear waste
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7. Which one of the following is NOT an alternative to fossil fuels?
 Solar
 Wind
 Geothermal
 Biomass
 Water
 Uranium
 Hydrogen
 Gasoline
8. Decomposition of wastes ultimately releases greenhouse gases such as methane, which
increases Earth's temperature causing global warming to occur. How can this be avoided?
9. Which of the following is NOT a way in which humans can reduce their impacts on the Earth's
Lithosphere?
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Practice good energy conservation techniques
Reduce fossil fuel usage
Utilize more forms of alternative energy sources
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
Continue to buy plastic water bottles.
MODULE THREE: Processes and Forces of the Lithosphere
10. Frost action, temperature, and organic activity are examples of physical or chemical weathering.
Highlight your answer.
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What is the definition of a Delta?
List 3 methods of controlling erosion.
Carbonation, plant acids and oxidation are examples of which type of weathering?
List 3 causes of soil mismanagement?
What is the top layer of the soil horizon called?
16. The type of soil that is produced is dependent on what?
MODULE FOUR: Plate Tectonics, Volcanos and Earthquakes
17. List 3 examples of evidence for continental drift.
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True or false, The Appalachian Mountains have stopped growing.
True of false, Convergent boundaries move apart.
Name the layers of the Earth from inner to outer.
What is the name of a famous composite or strato volcano in the NW US?
Folding, fault blocking and volcanos all can form what kind of structures?
Which layer of the Earth’s interior contains the force to move tectonic plates?
The lithosphere is composed of which two layers?
Small earthquakes that precede an earthquake are called?
MODULE 5: Non-Renewable Energy
26. Infrastructures already in place, cheap, and currently abundant. These are all reasons why we
continue to use_________ _______ as our source of electricity.
27. What is the name of a substance that often turns into coal as part of the carbon cycle? Hint: it is
also the first stage of coal formation.
28. Oil shale produces what energy source?
29. Fly ash, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are two pollutants that come from what activity?
30. Methane makes up the bulk of which fossil fuel?
31. Acid mine drainage, emissions of more greenhouse gases than the country of Denmark, and
more habitat destruction than mountain top removal are hazards of which type of mining? Surface
or subsurface?
32. What is the fuel for nuclear fission?
33. Which fossil fuel is the cleanest burning?
MODULE 6: Renewable Energy
34. Solar panels collecting the suns energy and converting it into electrical energy is an example of
what? Active or Passive Solar Energy?
35. Using sunlight to heat a house is an example of which type of solar energy? Active or Passive?
36. Why is solar energy not in widespread use?
37. The best region for solar energy in the US would be which of the following? Northwest, Northeast,
Southeast or Southwest?
38. What is the fuel used in fuel cells for cars?
39. Allows us to phase in renewable energy, slows global warming, lowers environmental damage,
decreases our dependency on oil; these are all good reasons why we should do what?
40. Water falling by gravity turns turbines, which creates electricity, is an example of which type of
renewable energy?
41. Fermentation of plants produces what type of fuel?
MODULE 7: Geo Time and NC Geo History
42. What is the largest time span on the geological time scale?
43. According to fossil records, life emerged from which habitat?
44. How long ago did dinosaurs disappear?
MODULE 8: Midterm
MODULE 9: Oceans and Beaches
45. Give a definition of the following:
 Rip Current:
 Long Shore Current:
 Short Distance Current:
 Deep Current:
46. Sea walls, channel dredging, and dune construction are ways that humans try to stop___ ____
47. What are two factors that cause ocean currents?
48. What are two factors that affect water density?
49. Which layer of ocean water has the greatest change in temperature?
50. What is upwelling?
51. Which phenomenon of ocean currents changes weather patterns around the Earth?
MODULE 10: Water Resources and Water Quality
52. Fresh water is limited on Earth. Name 3 areas where fresh water is found:
53. Explain the zone of aeration in an aquifer.
54. What makes an artesian well special?
55. How much of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?
56. Condensation, precipitation, evapotranspiration are all parts of which cycle?
57. Which zone of an aquifer is completely filled with water?
58. Conservation and alternative methods of obtaining fresh water are ways we can protect what?
59. What are the layers of an aquifer from bottom to top?
MODULE 11: Atmosphere and Weather Systems
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Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
UV radiation is trapped by which gas in the stratosphere?
Animal respiration requires which type of gas?
Animal respiration releases which type of gas as a byproduct?
How is acid rain formed?
True or False. Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases.
66. Why do winds blow from the ocean to land during the day?
MODULE 12: Climate and Biomes
67. What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?
68. Every living thing in an ecosystem is important because all living things play a role in an
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ecosystem no matter how big or how small. True or false?
Vegetation and climate are the two main factors that determine a biome. True or false?
Which major biome is NC in?
The interaction of organisms with their environment is the best definition of what?
What is it that has no natural predators and takes over the habitats of native species?
Coastal plains, mountains and piedmont make up NC biomes. Which one is the largest?
MODULE 13: Air Pollution and Global Change
74. Name 3 types of indoor air pollution.
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Clay and plastic are used as liners in which waste disposal?
When and what caused the barrier islands to form?
True or False: Global warming is causing problems with the weather.
What is the difference between stratospheric ozone and ground level ozone?
MODULE 14: Meteorology
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Rotation is a major indication of which type of weather phenomenon?
True or False: Thunderstorms and tornados are associated with warm fronts.
True or False: The eye wall of a hurricane is the most dangerous.
What are the 4 stages of hurricane development?
83. Moist and sinking air is associated with a low pressure system. Would the probability of
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precipitation be high or low?
Describe the coriolis effect.
Describe a front.
What is the first step of a tornado formation?
Describe convection.
MODULE 15: Planetary Motion
88. Which scientist determined the nature of the forces that keep the planets in their orbits?
89. What is Kepler’s 2nd law?
90. What is the shape of an orbit?
91. What is the definition of precession?
92. What causes seasons?
MODULE 16: The Sun’s Energy
93. The Sun produces energy through nuclear fusion or fission?
94. What is the term used to describe how the Sun heats the Earth?
95. Describe the greenhouse effect.