Download 1 - Norwell Public Schools

1.-What relationship exists between Ancient Nubia and Ancient
Egypt? Describe and elaborate.
Ancient Nubia
Social
characteristics
Ancient Egypt
Nubia originally had a
monarchy. It is thought
Egypt built on this idea
creating pharaohs
Gods and the practice of
building pyramids spread to
Nubia.
Wealthy Nubians sent their
children to schools in Egypt
Economic
Napata a city in Nubia
Egyptian abundance of
characteristics
was at a central location natural resources was
for moving goods
traded south into Africa and
around the cataracts.
north across the Sinai
Nubia facilitated trade
peninsula.
throughout the region.
Egyptian goods traveled
south into Africa.
Nubian products
traveled north into
Egypt.
At times Egypt ruled Nubia and at other times Nubians ruled Egypt.
The boundaries between these kingdoms changed.
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2.-Describe the role of the pharaoh and their importance to
ancient Egypt. Include the concepts of dynasties in your
response.
God/king
Pharaohs were looked upon as not only the ruler but as a
god.
importance
dynasties
Pharaohs were held responsible for troubled times. Since
the pharaoh was a god, misfortune in the land was
interpreted as displeasure from the gods. This displeasure
could result in the pharaoh being replaced
There were approximately 30 dynasties in Egypt. A
dynasty is a line of rulers from the same family. Dynasties
are separated into three time periods, The Old Kingdom,
the Middle Kingdom, and The New Kingdom.
3.–For Pharaoh Hatshepsut explain her contributions to ancient
Egyptian culture.
After Hatshepsut’s husband died she takes rule as a regent co-ruling
with her step-son Thutmose III
Queen Hatshepsut was the first woman to rule as a pharaoh, she
declared herself ruler in 1472 BC
She expanded Egypt through war and trade. She sent traders to an
area known as Punt.
Eager to declare her accomplishments she adorned obelisks with her
achievements
Mysteriously her step-son takes over her rule. Records regarding her
rule are damaged or destroyed.
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4-Regarding Pharaoh Ramses explain his contributions to ancient
Egyptian culture.
In 1279 BC Ramses II takes the throne of Egypt.
Ramses extended the empire through war, south to the
kingdom of Nubia and northeast to the land of the Hittites
Ramses lead an army into battle against the Hittites.
Eventually the Hittites and the Egyptians negotiated the
first know peace treaty in history
Ramses constructed a city to honor himself. 66 foot tall
statues of himself guarded his temple at Abu Simbel
He reigned for 66 years. This time was peaceful and
prosperous for the Egyptians.
After Ramses’ rule Egypt went into a decline. The
central government weakened. A series of foreign
powers then controlled Egypt.
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5.-Explain the class structure in ancient Egypt. Include a
statement about each class.
Pharaoh
Ruler was considered above all other people because he
or she was considered a god.
Priests and nobles
Priests cared for the temples. Nobles were family
members of the pharaoh or the priests.
Scribes and
governmental officials
Scribes were educated in the art of writing.
Government officials worked to keep Egypt prosperous.
Craftspeople and
merchants
These people either made items to be sold or where in
the business of selling various kinds of merchandise.
Farmers
This group produced the food that allowed the
civilization to flourish.
Laborers and Slaves
Slaves did the dangerous and difficult work. Laborers
did not possess a specific skill set so they worked where
they could.
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6.-Describe the polytheistic religion of ancient Egypt.
Polytheism is the belief in more than one god.
Death
Overall Egyptians were a prosperous people. They
enjoyed life and they believed that their afterlife would
continue to be happy. They viewed death as a start of
their next life.
Afterlife
The life ancient Egyptians thought followed death.
Egyptians looked forward to this life. They prepared
for their afterlife throughout their own lives.
mummification
To embalm means to preserve a body after death.
The Egyptians used a process called mummification.
deities
Egyptians were polytheistic. There were many
different gods. Gods were often associated with a
particular facet of life in Egypt. Ex: Re sun god,
Anubis god of the dead.
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7.-Identify the five achievements of the Egyptians. Provide details
related to each.
The agricultural
~shaduf
system
~irrigation canals
These devices gave the Egyptians more farmland.
The invention of
the calendar
Monumental
architecture
Priests studied the sky as a part of their religion.
Through this observation priests noted that a star
(Sirius) appeared yearly before the Nile Floods
began. This star returned to the same position
every 365 days. This discovery was the
foundation for the calendar.
Step Pyramid at Saqqara
Great Pyramid at Giza and the Sphinx
Large stone statues at Abu Simbel
Hieroglyphic
writing
Writing started as a way to monitor the business
of the government. Over time the number of
symbols increased. Hieroglyphics are pictures
that stand for different words or sounds.
The invention of
uses for papyrus
~root can be eaten-food
~sandals or coverings for feet.
~reeds arranged and used as a writing surfacepaper-like
~woven to form mats, rope, and baskets
~small boats were constructed of papyrus
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