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AP U.S. History – Unit 3 (Chapters 6-8) Test
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is
followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in
each case.
Chapter 6:
1. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English colonization differed from the
Spanish, Dutch, and French because England:
a. eventually established colonies based primarily on agriculture.
b. did not seek to acquire land from the native populations.
c. exclusively used African slave labor for mining and agriculture.
d. was dedicated to the religious conversion and assimilation of native
populations.
2. From 1600 to 1750, the Dutch, French, and English in colonial North America:
a. traded peacefully with American Indian tribes.
b. became involved in numerous colonial–Indian conflicts that had spread from
Europe.
c. faced increased aggression from the Spanish empire.
d. developed “spheres of influence” which ended colonial rivalries.
3. Which of the following best describes American Indian alliances with North
American colonies during the 17th and early 18th centuries?
a. The alliances were limited due to reductions in the fur trade.
b. The alliances were based mostly on religious connections.
c. The alliances were overwhelmingly with the French.
d. The alliances were shifting, complex, and fragile.
The following three questions refer to the quotation below.
“In the early part of the seventeenth century the Ojibways had already commenced the
customs of yearly visiting Quebec, and afterwards Montreal, taking them packs of beaver
skins and returning with firearms, blankets, trinkets and firewater of the whites….It was
many years before the…traders located a permanent trading post among the
Ojibways…this tribe became supplied with firearms, and killed off the beaver in
vicinity…they radiated out westward and southward…this was the country of the
Dakotas and Foxes, bravely did they battle to beat back the encroaching Ojibways from
their best hunting grounds, but in vain; for the invaders, besides having increased in
numbers, had become possessed of fearful weapons, against which they feared to battle
with their primitive bow and arrow.”
William Warren, History of the Ojibway People, 1885
William W. Warren, History of the Ojibway People, Second Edition (St. Paul: Minnesota
Historical Society Press, 1984).
4. Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the fur trade described in
the quote above?
a. European traders rarely intermarried with native peoples.
b. There was an increased intensity and destructiveness of American Indian
warfare.
c. The trade stimulated cultural and demographic change.
d. Alcohol became a regular part of the fur trade.
5. The primary motivation of European colonizers to trade with and arm
American Indians was to:
a. intensify conflict between settlers and native peoples.
b. establish communities of like-minded believers.
c. reinforce a strong belief in racial and cultural superiority.
d. gain allies for European conflicts that spread to North America.
6. The quote above best illustrates European nations’ interest in:
a. the development of strict racial categories.
b. establishing racial and cultural superiority.
c. acquiring commodities that were valued in Europe.
d. ending political instability.
The following three questions refer to the quotation below.
“It is proposed that humble application be made for an act of Parliament of Great Britain,
by virtue of which one general government may be formed in America, including all the
said colonies, within and under which government each colony may retain its present
constitution, except in the particulars wherein a change may be directed by the said act as
hereafter follows….That they make such laws as they judge necessary for regulating all
Indian trade….That they raise and pay soldiers, and build forts for the defence of any of
the Colonies, and equip vessels of force to guard the coasts and protect the trade on the
oceans, lakes, or great rivers; but shall not impress men in any Colony, without the
consent of the Legislature. That for these purposes they have power to make laws and lay
and leavy such general duties, imposts, or taxes as to them shall appear most equal and
just…and such as may be collected with the least inconvenience to the people…”
Albany Plan of Union, 1754
Documents Illustrative of the Formation of the Union of the American States, ed. Charles
C. Tansill. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1927) House Document No.
398.
7. The excerpt above is best understood in the context of the:
a. increasing economic exchanges within the “Atlantic World.”
b. spread of European conflicts to North America.
c. resistance to imperial control in the British colonies.
d. Anglicization of the British colonies.
8. The authors of the excerpt above were most likely motivated by:
a. resistance to imperial control.
b. the British government’s relative indifference to colonial governance.
c. the political thought of the Enlightenment.
d. Britain’s desire to maintain a viable North American empire.
9. The excerpt above is indicative of which of the following?
a. An ideology critical of perceived corruption in the imperial system
b. The colonial production of commodities that were valued in Europe
c. The colonists having grown accustomed to a large measure of autonomy
d. Growing mistrust on both sides of the Atlantic
The following question refers to the political cartoon below.
10. Which of the following statements best describes the message of Benjamin
Franklin during the Albany Congress?
a. Franklin pleaded for keeping the Union together on the eve of the Civil War.
b. Franklin requested that the colonies unify against the threat from France.
c. Franklin appealed to slaveholding states against the Missouri Compromise.
d. Franklin called for Native American tribes to unite against white settlers.
11. Which American Indian confederation, reaching from the St. Lawrence
Valley to the eastern Great Lakes, successfully resisted both native and colonial
challenges during the 18th century?
a. the Cherokee
b. the Huron
c. the Ojibwa
d. the Iroquois
12. The Proclamation of 1763 prohibiting colonial migration west of the
Appalachian Mountains resulted from all of the following EXCEPT:
a. ongoing Indian uprisings such as Pontiac’s Rebellion.
b. British weariness to engage in further military conflicts.
c. Parliament’s decision to punish the colonies for their refusal to pay taxes.
d. British determination to reduce expenditures after the Seven Years’ War.
13. Which of the following was a primary reason why Indian tribes attempted to
form advantageous alliances with other tribes and European countries during the midand late 1700s?
a. They wanted to limit the movement of white settlers.
b. They wanted to gain access to European trade goods.
c. They wanted to be able to sell their tribal lands more easily.
d. They wanted to become a single, unified tribe.
Chapter 7:
The following three questions refer to the quotation below.
“And it is further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that…no sugars, tobacco, cottonwool, indigo, ginger, fustic or other dying wood, of growth, production, or manufacture
of any English plantations in America, Asia, or Africa, shall be shipped, carried conveyed
or transported, from any of the said English plantations to any land, island, territory,
dominion, port or place whatsoever, other than to such other English plantations as do
belong to his Majesty…under the penalty of the forfeiture of said goods, or the full value
thereof, and also the ship, with all her guns, tackle, apparel, ammunition and furniture.”
The Navigation Act of 1660
14. The policies stated in the above law can best be seen as an example of:
a. Enlightenment thinking.
b. capitalism.
c. communism.
d. mercantilism.
15. What accounts most for the scant success of the above law in modifying
English colonial behavior in North America?
a. Weak economic growth and the lack of external competition
b. Decades of the British government’s relative indifference to colonial
governance
c. The presence of slavery and growing colonial wars
d. The rejection of Anglicanism in the colonies
16. Which of the following had the most impact in shaping colonial resistance to
the above law?
a. Political thought shaped by the Enlightenment
b. Conflicts with American Indian groups
c. The growth of the African slave trade
d. Colonial dedication to mercantilist principles
17. After the Seven Years’ War, Britain shifted its position on imperial
regulations to:
a. promote greater colonial migration to the West.
b. find ways to safeguard its borders and maintain neutral trading rights.
c. alleviate its massive debt from the war.
d. end trading, commerce, and negotiations with American Indians.
The following three questions refer to the British political cartoon below.
Library of Congress
18. The image above can best be seen as depicting:
a. the support of colonial independence by European allies.
b. loyalist opposition to colonial independence movements.
c. the dangerous influence of the French Revolution.
d. the British government constraining colonial rights.
19. Which of the following turning points set the stage for the controversy
depicted in the cartoon above?
a. Britain’s victory over France in North America
b. The spread of French revolutionary ideas throughout Europe
c. The signing of the Declaration of Independence
d. The American Revolutionary War
20. The American independence movement was least fueled by:
a. the impact of revivals and evangelical ideas.
b. Enlightenment political thought.
c. the fear of attack from other European powers.
d. colonial economic concerns.
21. With the exception of the Dominion of New England, British governmental
oversight of the North American colonies prior to 1750 was:
a. strong and consistent.
b. closely aligned with colonial governments.
c. laissez-faire, or hands-off.
d. limited to the Southern colonies.
The following two questions refer to the quotation below.
“These colonies ought to regard the act with abhorrence. For who are a free people? Not
those over whom government is reasonably and equitably exercised but those who live
under a government, so constitutionally checked and controlled, that proper provision is
made against its being otherwise exercised. The late act is founded on the destruction of
constitutional security.… In short, if they have a right to levy a tax of one penny upon us,
they have a right to levy a million upon us. For where does that right stop?...To use the
words of Mr. Locke, ‘What property have we in that, which another may, by rights take,
when he pleases, to himself?’…We are therefore—I speak it with grief—I speak with
indignation—we are slaves.”
John Dickinson, Letter from a Farmer, 1768
John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British
Colonies (New York: The Outlook Company, 1903), 75–78.
22. The passage above was written in response to:
a. calls for a stronger central government.
b. British efforts to tax the colonies.
c. debates over the issue of slavery.
d. the perceived corruption of the British government.
23. Which of the following historical developments most directly precipitated the
conditions leading to the argument in the passage above?
a. The large British debt incurred from the Seven Years’ War
b. The growth of the Atlantic economy during the 18th century
c. The spread of French revolutionary ideas throughout Europe
d. The indifference of the British government to colonial governance
Chapter 8:
24. Which of the following is NOT an example of England exerting greater
control over its North American colonies?
a. the Navigation Acts
b. the Dominion of New England
c. the Molasses Act
d. Salutary neglect
25. Which of the following contributed the LEAST to the growing colonial
sentiment toward independence in the 1770s?
a. Anger over numerous attempts to tax the colonists and colonists’ perceived lack
of political representation in Parliament
b. Frustration over the British government’s refusal to send troops to protect the
colonies from Indian attacks
c. An emerging ideology of resistance based on English common law,
Enlightenment ideals, and Whig political thought
d. A growing sense of American identity and grassroots movements of laborers,
artisans, and women
26. Which of the following set of historical events is in the correct chronological
order?
a. Stamp Act, Committees of Correspondence, Intolerable Acts, Boston Tea Party
b. Boston Tea Party, Committees of Correspondence, Intolerable Acts, Stamp Act
c. Stamp Act, Committees of Correspondence, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts
d. Committees of Correspondence, Intolerable Acts, Boston Tea Party, Stamp Act
27. Despite England’s superior military, industrialized economy, and larger
population, the colonists were ultimately able to succeed in their war for independence
because they possessed all of the following EXCEPT:
a. greater familiarity with the land.
b. superior political leadership.
c. a deep ideological commitment.
d. overwhelming popular support.
28. Before 1750, what was the most frequent reaction of British colonists in
North America to increased trade regulations and a growing mistrust of England’s
commitment to support the colonies?
a. Compliance with the laws of England
b. Calls for a revolution
c. Increased smuggling
d. The creation of large-scale industries
The following two questions refer to the quotations below.
“…Whereas, since the close of the last war, the British parliament, claiming a power of
right to bind the people of America by statute in all cases whatsoever, hath, in some acts
expressly imposed taxes on them, and in others, under various pretenses, but in fact for
the purpose of raising a revenue, hath imposed rates and duties payable in these colonies,
established a board of commissioners with unconstitutional powers, and extended the
jurisdiction of courts of Admiralty not only for collecting the said duties, but for the trial
of causes merely arising within the body of a county.”
Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress, October 1774
http://www.usconstitution.net/intol.html#Grieve
“…Were a manifesto to be published, and despatched to foreign Courts, setting forth the
miseries we have endured, and the peaceful methods which we have ineffectually used
for redress; declaring at the same time that not being able longer to live happily or safely
under the cruel disposition of the British Court, we had been driven to the necessity of
breaking off all connections with her; at the same time, assuring all such Courts of our
peaceable disposition towards them, and of our desire of entering into trade with them;
such a memorial would produce more good effects to this Continent than if a ship were
freighted with petitions to Britain.”
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, February 1776
http://www.ushistory.org/paine/commonsense/singlehtml.htm
29. The authors of the excerpt above were most likely motivated by:
a. political ideology promoted by the Enlightenment movement.
b. Americans’ desire to protect themselves from Indians on the frontier.
c. resistance to imperial control.
d. Britain’s desire to maintain a viable North American empire.
30. The authors of the excerpts above most directly attacks:
a. the use of the Admiralty Courts to try Americans accused of treason.
b. the right of Parliament to impose laws and restrictions on the colonies.
c. the failure of the European powers to mediate a settlement to the conflict.
d. the inability of Americans to find a peaceful solution to the grievances.