Download WW 2 Notes - Frankfort School District 157-C

Chapter 26
Announcement of the
beginning of World War
One. Note the circle. Who
is that person?
The situation in Germany
was far worse than in the
USA.
Due to the Treaty of
Versailles, Germany was
forced to pay
$331,600,000,000. The
German government printed
money to pay off the debt.
The German currency(Deutschmark)
became nearly worthless.
Inflation caused prices to rise
dramatically. Purchasing a
loaf of bread and jug of milk
required a wheel barrel filled
with cash. Germany lost
13% of it’s territory.
Unemployment in Germany
increased.
The conditions were ripe for
a radical.
leader to step into power
inside of Germany. A new
political party was
established in-
Translated in German a
shortened version was Nazi.
The leader of the NSDAP
was Adolf Hitler.
Hitler planned a revolution
to take over Germany. The
revolution (putsch) was held in
Munich on 08-09 November
1923. (Beer Hall Putsch)
This was called the Beer
Hall Putsch. Hitler had
jumped onto a bar and fired a
shot into the ceiling of a beer
hall.
Löwenbraukeller
He implored the German
people to rise in revolt. The
Munich police arrived and a
brief gun battle began.
Eventually, Hitler and other
Nazis were arrested. Hitler
was sentenced to five years in
prison. While in prison he
began writing a book called,
Mein Kampf.(My Struggle)
Hitler was released from
prison after nine months.
He realized that revolutions
usually failed. Real power
came through elections. Hitler
swore to use freedom of speech
to his advantage and seek
political office. Hitler began
running for office and slowly
gained more support. As the
Depression worsened, Hitler’s
radical promises became more
popular.
Hitler promised to create
more jobs, regain lost
lands(Poland & Czechoslovakia),
rebuild the German military,
and tear up the Treaty of
Versailles.
On 30 January 1933,
Adolf Hitler was elected the
leader of Germany. His title
was Fuhrer.
Show German unemployment stats
British & French
Appeasement of Hitler
Appeasement: giving into
someone’s demands in order
to avoid conflict
I. March-May 1933: Hitler
ordered massive book
burnings of non-German
literature
Appeasement-UK & France do nothing
II. March 1933: All political
parties except NSDAP
declared illegal
Appeasement-UK & France do nothing
III. March 1933: Hitler
violates the Treaty of
Versailles by ordering a
military draft to rebuild a
Wehrmacht (army)
(German troops in 2010)
(
Appeasement-UK & France give a warning
IV. March 1934: Hitler
ordered the construction of a
new fleet of U-boats (despite the
Treaty of Versailles)
Appeasement- UK & France give a warning
to respect the Treaty of Versailles
V. March 1934: Construction
of the Luftwaffe (airforce)
Appeasement-UK & France provided a
second warning for breaking the Treaty of
Versailles
VI. March 1936: Hitler
ordered the Wehrmacht to
occupy the Rhineland
(show students simple map on overhead)
Appeasement-UK & France provided
stronger warnings
VII. March 1938: the
Anchluss: Hitler ordered the
Wehrmacht to annex Austria
into the Reich
Appeasement-UK & France give a
“special double secret” warning
VIII. September 1938:
Hitler ordered the
Wehrmacht to occupy the
Sudetenland, but promised
to never touch the
remainder of
Czechoslovakia.
(show simple map on overhead)
Appeasement- UK & France give more
warnings.
IX. March 1939: Hitler took
all of Czechoslovakia
Appeasement- UK & France gave a “triple
dog dare warning”
X. 23 August 1939: Hitler &
Joseph Stalin, dictator of
USSR, signed the Treaty of
Non-Aggression. Both
leaders promise to split
Poland into two sections.
(Show simple map)
Appeasement- “gulp” UK & France
warned Hitler any aggressive action
against Poland would result in war
XI. 01 September 1939:
Germany invaded Poland.
(World War 2 begins)
War with the British &
French began. Hitler
realized his troops were
out of position to protect
western Germany. Hitler
asked for time to negotiate
a peaceful settlement
(show map)
before “things get out
hand.”
Appeasement-British & French soldiers
sit on the border of Germany and do
nothing. This time period was called,
the Sitzkrieg (phony war) (German military
bands played music and launched peace balloons towards
the French)
Appeasement = stupid
Appeasement = weak
Postscript:
The British and French
had the right under the
Treaty of Versailles to
intervene and stop Hitler.
Both nations were still tired
from the effects of WWI.
Instead of dealing with the
problem, they appeased
Hitler, and a bigger
problem developed. World
War Two could have been
prevented. There never
would have been a
Holocaust and 45,000,000
would not have been
killed.
Why has the United States
been aggressive as a military
power following World War
Two? Lessons learned from
watching the British and
French appease Hitler
caused several American
Presidents to appear
sensitive to seeking
appeasement. Don’t be so
quick to judge or condemn
our Presidents. We know
what happens when leaders
choose weakness and
appeasement. Leading the
world isn’t easy. Hey, they
all have kept WW III from
starting.
(Connecting the past to current US polices)
Examples of American NON-appeasement
Truman and the Korean War
(stopping communist forces from taking over South
Korea)
Kennedy & Cuban Missile Crisis
(Stopping communist forces from installing nuclear
missiles in Cuba)
Kennedy & Johnson & Vietnam
(using US troops to defend South Vietnam from
communist troops)
Bush Sr. and Iraq (1990-91 in Desert Storm)
(stopping Iraq from invading Saudi Arabia and
ejecting Iraqi troops from Kuwait)
Bush Jr. following 9-11-01 (Afghanistan &
Iraq)
(In the days following the attacks on New York
& Washington, US troops invaded Afghanistan
& Iraq attempting to end radical governments in
hopes to promote nations free of terrorism.
Many people scathed Bush for his decision, but
his rationale was firmly rooted in his strong
rejection of appeasing enemies of the US)
Sitzkrieg: (phony war) French & British forces could have
invaded the western section of Germany while the
Wehrmacht was occupying Poland. Instead, the British &
French sat while negotiations continued. Hitler used this
time to pretend his negotiations were sincere. Hitler shifted
the strength of the Luftwaffe and Wehrmacht away from
Poland towards France. The Germans launched balloons
with happy quotes and love poems towards the French
soldiers. Flowers were tossed towards the British lines.
German bands played cheerful music to lull the Allies into
a false sense of peace.
Blitzkrieg: (lightning war) Hitler learned the lessons of
trench warfare during WW I. The Wehrmacht had
developed new strategies for warfare. Infantry, airborne,
armor units, with coordinated air support would penetrate
quickly into enemy territory and move with rapid
quickness.
Think of the blitz in football. It is all out. It is very quick. Everybody
penetrates the offensive line to destroy the quarterback in a hard hitting
strike designed to inflict pain.
June 1940
The sitzkrieg comes to an end. The blitzkrieg rolls through
western Europe. The German achieve victory in twentyone days what they could not accomplish in four years of
the First World War.
1.) France
2.) Denmark
3.) Norway
4.) Luxembourg
5.) Netherlands
6.) Belgium
7.) North Africa
The British are able to evacuate most of their forces back to
the U.K. after a remarkable effort at Dunkirk. Most of the
British equipment was abandoned on the French beach.
Virtually alone, the U.K. stands against Nazi Germany.
Prime Minister Winston Churchill said in a BBC radio
broadcast to the United States, “Hitler knows that he will
have to break us in this island, or lose the war. If we (United
Kingdom) can stand up to him ( Hitler) then all of Europe may
again be free and the light of the world may move forward.
But, if we fail, the whole world including the United States,
including all that we have known and cared for will sink
into the abyss of a new Dark Age.”
FDR
Roosevelt knew the memories of WWI were still strong
with the American people. Americans did not want to get
involved with another world war. FDR had to gradually
bring the USA into an acceptance of helping the British.
FDR still had to solve the Great Depression and find a
way to help the British. The answer was a program called
Lend-Lease. The USA would produce the weapons and
supplies the British needed. This put Americans back to
work and helped the British continue the fight against
Germany. FDR used a fireside chat to give his Garden
Hose Speech. FDR compared helping the British to lending
a helping hand to a neighbor if their house caught on fire.
By one vote, Lend-Lease passed Congress on 11 March
1941.
Atlantic Charter (August 1941)
Churchill and FDR agreed to a secret meeting off the
coast of Newfoundland. Churchill arrived on the H.M.S.
Prince of Wales, flagship of the Royal Navy. For four days
they discussed a secret deal. The USA would begin a
secret naval war against German U-boats. FDR ordered the
U.S.N. to shoot on sight any U-boats. The U.S.N began
patrols half way across the Atlantic. FDR ordered fifty
U.S. destroyers to be transferred to the Royal Navy. (These
ships were left over from WW I.) Also, FDR ordered the U.S.M.C. to
occupy Iceland before German paratroopers invaded.
Iceland is a key strategic location in the shipping routes
between the U.K. & U.S. It was feared the Germans would
use Iceland as a launching pad for an eventual invasion into
Greenland and then Canada. The U.S. & U.K. agreed to
fight as one against Hitler.
September 1941: Sarah Roosevelt died
04 September 1941: USS Greer sunk by a German U-boat
07 December 1941: the Imperial Japanese fleet attacked
Pearl Harbor
Winston Churchill moved into the White House after the
Japanese attack. German agents were planning to kidnap or
assassinate the Prime Minister. It was safer in the White
House and it gave Churchill and FDR a chance to
coordinate the war effort.
The hopes of the U.S.N. rested on the remaining three
powerful ships to defeat the entire Japanese fleet.
 U.S.S. Yorktown
 U.S.S. Hornet
 U.S.S. Enterprise (flagship of the U.S. fleet)
The Japanese planned an invasion of Alaska & Hawaii.
The remains of the U.S. Pacific fleet met the Imperial
Japanese Navy near the island of Midway. In June 1942,
the same Japanese ships that attacked Pearl Harbor were
defeated by the survivors of Pearl Harbor. Japanese
expansion was halted.
vs.
The Axis Powers
1. Japan
capital city =Tokyo
General Hideki Tojo
2. Italy
capital city=Rome
Benito Mussolini
(Il Duce)
3. Germany (Third Reich)
capital city =Berlin
Adolf Hitler (Fuhrer)
Battle of the Atlantic
The Germans knew that
the British had a limited
amount of supplies. The
supplies were shipped
across the Atlantic from
the USA. The Germans
hoped to rule the ocean
and sink all ships to starve
the British into a
surrender.
(show map and Google Earth)
German U-boats patrolled
in wolfpacks. U-boats
were more effective when
operating in the wolfpack.
The only method to fight
back against the wolfpacks
was to form convoys
traveling together.
Which navy would prevail?
The outcome would turn
history. The fate of the
free world rested in naval
power. The supplies from
the USA had to reach the
UK or Germany might rule
the world with Japan.
At the same time, the
Battle of Britain began.
Hitler hoped to bomb the
British into submission as
his U-boats caused
starvation. The Luftwaffe
bombed the British day &
night from 10 July 1940
until 31 October 1940.
Hitler wanted to invade the
UK with an armada but
could not do so until the
Luftwaffe had achieved air
supremacy over the
R.A.F.
The British invented a new
piece of technology that
saved the RAF and
allowed the UK to defeat
the Luftwaffe. The British
invented radar.
Long Suffering Brits
The Battle of Britain,
Future Shock
By Wallace Wood
Click starred images for a larger
view
RAF Radar Towers
The RAF knew when the
Luftwaffe was coming, from
which direction, altitude, and
with how many aircraft. This
gave the RAF the advantage.
Afrika
The Germans needed the oil
fields in Saudi Arabia. The
key was to seize the Suez
Canal.
Hitler sent his best troops
into Africa. They were
known as the Afrika Korps.
under the command of his
best general, Field Marshall
Erwin Rommel. (the Desert Fox)
Desert Fox: Rommel
(German)
General George Patton in Africa
(West Point)
The combined forces of New
Zealand, Australia, U.S. &
U.K. stopped the Germans
from seizing the Suez Canal.
The Germans never reached
the Saudi oilfields. For the
remainder of the war, the
Germans were low on fuel.
Jewish Persecution by
Nazis
1. March 1933: 1st
concentration camp
opened
2. April 1933: boycott of
Jewish owned stores
3. April 1933: Jewish
government workers
forced to retire
4. May 1933: Jewish books
burned publicly
5. May 1935: Jewish
citizens may not serve in
the Wehrmacht
6. March 1936: Jewish
doctors were banned
from government
hospitals
7. April 1938: all Jewish
property had to be
registered with Nazi
officials
8. October 1938: all
Jewish citizens must
have a large red “J”
stamped on their
passports
9. 09 November 1938:
Kristallnacht(Night of
the Broken Glass)
Synagogues burnedstores robbed-Jewish
citizens attacked
10. 15 November 1938:
Jewish children no
longer allowed to attend
German schools
11. 30 January 1939:
Hitler announced in a
speech that if a war
were to begin that the
Jews of Europe will be
destroyed.
12. September 1941: all
Jewish citizens required
to wear a yellow Star of
David
13. 20 January 1942: The
Wansee ConferenceHitler ordered the
construction of a system
of concentration camps
D-Day
Invasion of Normandy
06 June 1944
Troops from Canada,
US, & UK landed in
Normandy, France.
Their goal was to defeat
German troops and drive
inward towards
Germany. D-Day was
one of the most
complicated and planned
invasions in human
history.
Tens of thousands of
airborne soldiers
parachuted behind
German lines into
France. Their mission
was to disrupt German
supply depots, knock
down telephone poles,
and seize key bridges.
The airborne
paratroopers were to
divert German attention
away from the beaches.
2 Key American
Airborne Divisions
*82nd Airborne
*101st Airborne
(also 1 British Airborne division)
150,000 soldiers
1,500 tanks
2,727 ships
12,000 aircraft
The German
commander, Erwin
Rommel predicted the
invasion would
determine the next 200
years of history. He
called it the “Longest
Day” of history.
Battle of the Bulge (Bastogne)
The German attack waited for
severe winter weather. The
snow, fog, and cold
temperatures made it very
difficult to survive. The
Germans wanted the bad
weather to soften the
Americans. German troops
disguised as Americans
caused great confusion and
panic. American troops had
to quickly think of questions
that German troops that
spoke English would not be
able to understand.
Ok, yes, hey, cold, hi
Who plays in Wrigley Field?
What is a double play?
Who is Betty Grable?
Name the Vice President?
What is a double header?
Who won the World Series?
Who was in the Rose Bowl?
The German attack was
stopped. The 101st airborne
in Bastogne was able to stop
the Germans despite being
severely outnumbered,
surrounded from all sides,
outgunned, out of heating
fuel, low on ammunition, no
medical supplies, no food.
The Germans also
unleashed the “Wonder
Weapons.”
Wonder Weapons
jet fighter
(ME-262)
1. V1 & V2 rockets
These wonder weapons were
not enough. Nazi Germany
surrendered on 08 May 1945.
(V-E Day)
War in the Pacific
1.
The American strategy to defeat
Japan was called, “Island Hopping.”
(show map)
2.
FDR divided the missions of the
US military.
a.) Defeat of Japan-Navy & Marines
b.) Defeat of Germany-Army
The Japanese soldier was taught to never
surrender. Surrendering was a disgrace
to past generations and those yet to be
born. Nothing was more dishonorable
for a Japanese soldier than to be captured
as a prisoner. Therefore, the Japanese
became fanatical as the war continued.
Three examples exist of Japanese
soldiers refusing to surrender.
1.
Banzai (ten thousand years)
2.
Kamikaze (divine wind)
3.
Hari-Kuiri
Kamikaze (divine wind)
Enrico Fermi
 born in Italy (1901)
 married to a Jewish
woman
 escaped from Mussolini
in 1938
 lived in Chicago and
worked on the Manhattan
Project
 repeatedly exposed to
radioactive matter & dies
of stomach cancer
 the Fermi
 Lab is named after him
Chicago Society for Space Studies
A National Space Society Chapter

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Fermi Lab Outing
Story by John Vittallo
Photos by Jim Plaxco
Fermi Lab Wilson Hall
In March, the CSSS field trip was to the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory located in Batavia. Fermilab's
mission is the goal of high-energy physics: to learn what the universe is made of and how it works. Fermilab builds
and operates the facilities that high-energy physicists need to do forefront research, and develops new accelerator
technology for the experiments of the future.
The field trip started with a lecture on string theory and a short question and answer session with a scientist. We
then went onto a tour of the Operation of the world's most powerful proton-antiproton collider facility. Fermilab
successfully operates the world's highest-energy particle accelerator and its only proton-antiproton collider. Particle
physicists from U.S. and foreign universities use Fermilab to carry out high-energy physics research.
What is Fermilab?
Mission
High-Energy Physics, the science of matter, space and
time.
Accomplishments
Research at Fermilab has led to scientific discoveries
and technological advances.
Fermilab Fact Sheets
Brief summaries of scientific, economic, educational and other aspects of our laboratory.
History
The story of the world's highest-energy physics laboratory.
Enrico Fermi
Fermilab gets its name from a pioneer in the science of particle physics.
Web Picture Book
A photo collection that introduces Fermilab in all its facets.
FAQs
Answers to the questions most commonly asked.
16 July 1945 Los Alamos, New Mexico
Hiroshima after the bomb
Nagasaki before and after bombing
Japan surrendered on 14 August 1945.
This was called V-J Day.
(Victory in Japan)
World War Two was over.
Results of WW II
1. 45 million dead
60 million casualties
2. The Soviet
Red
Army invaded Eastern
Europe as the Nazis
surrendered
The “Cold War” began.
(Russian)
(google earth)
USSR vs USA
(Russia)
3. Israel was created for
the survivors of
the Holocaust.
(google earth)
\
Palestinians were forced
from their homes for the
creation of Israel. This
began a conflict between
Israel and Arab nations.
4.
Germany was divided
into two countries.
(draw map)
East Germany was controlled by the USSR.
West Germany became a free nation.
5. The space race began
as both the Americans
and the Soviet Union
attempted to use German
V-2 rockets to launch
satellites into space. All
began to plan on the
military conquest of
space.
29
6. U.S. rebuilt German &
Japanese factories that
were bombed during the
war.
7. The United Nations
was created to help
create world peace.