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The Tomjohnkulites
Created in 2008 by:


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Central Organizer:
Shawn Patterson

Document Based Question coordinator:
Brian Clarke
Unit I – V Multiple Choice coordinator:
Nick Picollelli

Essay coordinator:
Kevin Doyle Schiff
Unit VI – X Multiple Choice coordinator
Glenn Watson
UNITED STATES HISTORY
SECTION I
Time – 55 minutes
80 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
1.
2.
The European explorers who followed Columbus to
North America
a. intended to found a new nation.
b. continued to view themselves as Europeans.
c. did not consider America as the western rim
of the European world.
d. no longer saw themselves as subjects of
European kings.
e. saw little difference in their lives in America
and their lives in Europe.
France was finally able to join in the scramble for
colonies in the New World as a result of the
a. Protestant takeover of the French
government.
b. end of the religious wars.
c. revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
d. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.
e. Seven Years’ War.
3.
When the new government was launched in 1789,
a. the nation’s population was doubling about
every twenty-five years.
b. most people lived in the fast-growing cities.
c. most people lived west of the Allegheny
Mountains.
d. New York was the largest city in the nation.
e. Great Britain refused to establish diplomatic
relations with the United States.
4.
In the 1820s and 1830s one issue that greatly raised
the political stakes was
a. economic prosperity.
b. the Peggy Eaton affair.
c. a lessening of political party organizations.
d. the demise of the Whig Party.
e. slavery.
5.
In order to maintain the two great political parties as
vital bonds of national unity, early-nineteenthcentury politicians
a. decided to ban slavery from all United
States territories.
b. decided to allow slavery into all United
States territories.
c. avoided public discussion of slavery.
d.
e.
banished abolitionists from membership in
either national party.
worked to make third parties almost
impossible.
6.
The Credit Mobilier scandal involved
a. railroad corporation fraud and the
subsequent bribery of congressmen.
b. the abuse of federal credit intended for
urban development.
c. Secretary of War Belknap's fraudulent sale
of contracts to supply Indian reservations.
d. the attempt of insiders to gain control of
New York's gold and stock markets.
e. me, myself, and Irene
7.
Which of the following was not among the factors
propelling America toward overseas expansion in the
1890s?
a. The desire to expand overseas agricultural
and manufacturing exports
b. I have a flamingo hat named Willard.
c. the "yellow press" of Joseph Pulitzer and
William Randolph Hearst
d. the ideologies of Anglo-Saxon superiority
and social Darwinism
e. the need to find new African and Asian
sources of raw materials for American
industry
8.
Besides deep divisions within the Democratic party,
the elections of 1924 revealed
a. Coolidge's inability to attain Harding's level
of popularity.
b. the weakness of profarmer and prolabor
Progressive reform.
c. the turn of the solid South from the
Democrats to the Republicans.
d. the rise of liberalism within the Democratic
party.
e. the answer to ‘Who is Mike Jones’.
9.
Among President Harry Truman's most valuable
qualities as a leader were
a. his considerable experience in international
affairs.
b. his personal courage, authenticity, and sense
of responsibility for big decisions.
c. his intolerance of pettiness or corruption
among his subordinates. d. his cute old person glasses.
e. his patience and willingness to compromise
with honest critics.
10. Most of the racial riots of the 1960s occurred in
a. northern inner-city areas.
b. southern inner-city areas.
c. white neighborhoods where black families
attempted to move in.
d. college campuses.
e. 123 sesame street.
11. Colonists in both the North and the South established
differences in all of the following areas except
a. patterns of settlement.
b. economies.
c. political systems.
d. values.
e. allegiance to England.
12. A key reason France needed to control the Ohio
Valley was to
a. stop Spain from extending its empire.
b. help win the War of Jenkins’s Ear.
c. stop the Indian attacks on its outposts.
d. link its Canadian holdings with those of the
lower Mississippi Valley.
e. be able to put more of its settlers there in
order to increase farm production.
13. The Bill of Rights was intended to protect ______
against the potential tyranny of_______.
a. the prerogatives of Congress, the president
b. the army and the navy, the national
government
c. the South, the northern majority
d. individual liberties, a strong central
government
e. civilian authorities, the military
14. Match each individual below with the correct
description.
A. Andrew Jackson
B. Henry Clay
C. John C. Calhoun
D. William Crawford
I. Was vice president on the ticket of two
presidential candidates in 1824
II. Received more popular votes than any other
candidate in 1824
III. Was eliminated as a candidate when the
election of 1824 was thrown into the House of
Representatives
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A-2, B-3, C-1
A-2, B-1, D-3
B-1, C-3, D-2
A-3, C-2, D-1
A-1, B-2, D-3
15. The final result of the widespread anti-Chinese
agitation in the West was
a. the stripping of citizenship even from
native-born Chinese-Americans.
b. legal segregation of all Chinese into
"Chinatown" districts in San Francisco and
elsewhere.
c. a program to encourage Chinese students to
enroll in American colleges and universities.
d. a Congressional law to prohibit any further
Chinese immigration.
e. Deez taking a couple laps
16. Even before the sinking of the Maine, the American
public's indignation at Spain had been whipped into a
frenzy by
a. Spanish Catholics' persecution of the
Protestant minority in Cuba.
b. Spain's aggressive battleship-building program.
c. William Randolph Hearst's sensational newspaper
accounts of Spanish atrocities in Cuba.
d. the Spanish government's brutal treatment of
American sailors on leave in Havana.
e. Snow cone Machines
17. The election of Hoover over Smith in 1928 seemed to
represent a victory of
a. northern industrial values over southern agrarianism.
b. small business over the ideas of big
government and big business.
c. the Gold Standard
d. ethnic and cultural diversity over traditional
Anglo-Saxon values.
e. big business and efficiency over urban and
Catholic values.
18. The Truman Doctrine originally developed because
of the communist threat to
a. Ghana and Israel.
b. Turkey and Greece.
c. France and West Germany.
d. Iran and Afghanistan.
e. Poland and Hungary.
19. A primary cause of the economic decline that began
in the 1970s was
a. decline of textile production.
b. an international trade war.
c. a rise in the price of agricultural goods.
d. the breakup of efficient American
companies.
e. a decline in worker productivity.
20. When it came to religion, the Scots-Irish
a. showed little interest.
b. supported the idea of a theocracy.
c. supported the Anglican church.
d. advocated the policy of established
churches.
e. found it to be a bond that held them
together.
21. When it came to the Revolution, it could be said that
the American colonists were
a. eager revolutionaries.
b. up until the end wanting more than the
“rights of Englishmen.”
c. little concerned about economics.
d. clearly opposed to tightening commercial
bonds to the British.
e. reluctant revolutionaries.
22. As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton’s
first objective was to
a. help the wealthy.
b. bring more industry to the United States.
c. see that more agricultural products were
exported.
d. bolster the national credit.
e. put the country on the gold standard.
23. Life on the frontier was
a. fairly comfortable for women but not for
men.
b. downright grim for most pioneer families.
c. free of disease and premature death.
d. rarely portrayed in popular literature.
e. based on tight-knit communities.
24. By 1850, the South
a. was experiencing economic difficulties.
b. feared that slavery might be abolished in
states where it already existed.
c. remained concerned about its weak voice in
national government.
d. was relatively well off, politically and
economically.
e. recognized that slavery expansion was over.
25. The most efficient and public-minded of the early
railroad-building industrialists was
a. James J. Hill.
b. Leland Stanford.
c. Cornelius Vanderbilt.
d. Collis P. Huntington.
e. Chet Thayer
26. The Boxer Rebellion marked a sharp departure for
American foreign policy because
a. the United States had previously backed
anti-imperialist nationalist forces in China.
b. M-14’s were distributed to the young
aristocracy.
c. the United States had never before sent
military forces to intervene on the East
Asian mainland.
d. it involved the United States in military
cooperation with Japan.
e. it contradicted the policies spelled out in
Secretary Hay's Open Door notes.
27. Roosevelt's National Recovery Administration
(NRA) ended when
a. Dr. Francis Townsend attacked it as unfair
to the elderly.
b. the Supreme Court declared it
unconstitutional.
c. the House of Representatives declared it
unconstitutional.
d. Congress refused to provide further funding
for it.
e. it came to be considered too expensive for
the results achieved.
28. As president, Eisenhower enjoyed great popularity by
presenting a leadership style of
a. reassurance, sincerity, and optimism.
b. aggressiveness, boldness, and energy.
c. whip and smack diplomacy.
d. political shrewdness, economic knowledge,
and hands-on management.
e. vision, imagination, and moral leadership.
29. Nixon attempted to pressure the Soviet Union into
making diplomatic deals with the United States by
a. offering the Soviets a glass of orange juice
and some American diplomacy.
b. playing the "China card" by opening U.S.
diplomacy and trade with the Soviets' rival
communist power.
c. using American economic aid as an
incentive for the Soviets.
d. threatening to attack Soviet allies such as
Cuba and Vietnam.
e. drastically increasing spending on nuclear
weapons and missiles.
30. One change in colonial policy by the British
government that helped precipitate the American
Revolution involved
a. removing British troops from American soil.
b. beginning a war with Spain.
c. removing the majority of the British navy
from American waters.
d. compelling the American colonists to
shoulder some of the financial costs of the
empire.
e. all of the above.
31. When the Second Continental Congress met in 1775,
a. its members felt a strong desire for
independence.
b. it cut off communications with the British
government.
c. it continued to stall on the creation of a
navy.
d. it resolved to keep fighting in the hope that
the British would redress the colonists’
grievances.
e. the conservative element was weakened.
32. Alexander Hamilton’s proposed bank of the United
States was
a. rejected by the House of Representatives.
b. supported by Thomas Jefferson.
c. enthusiastically supported by George
Washington.
d. based on the “necessary and proper,” or
“elastic,” clause in the Constitution.
e. never fully enacted.
33. The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled,
then quadrupled, in the
a. 1810s and 1820s.
b. 1820s and 1830s.
c. 1830s and 1840s.
d. 1840s and 1850s.
e. 1860s and 1870s.
34. In “Bleeding Kansas” in the mid-1850s,, was/were
identified with the proslavery element, and was/were
associated with the antislavery free-soilers.
a. Beecher’s Bibles; border ruffians
b. John Brown; Preston Brooks
c. the Pottawatomie massacre; the sack of
Lawrence
d. the Lecompton Constitution; the New
England Immigrant Aid Society
e. Stephen A. Douglas; William Sumner
35. The first important federal law aimed at regulating
American industry was
a. the Federal Communications Act.
b. the Pure Food and Drug Act.
c. the Interstate Commerce Act.
d. the Federal Trade Commission.
e. Food and Drug Administration.
36. Roosevelt's policies in Panama and elsewhere in
Latin America led to
a. Good Neighbor policy between the United
States and its "little brothers" in Latin
America.
b. resentment and hostility toward American
intervention in Latin America.
c. growing tension between the United States
and Germany over influence in the region.
d. anti-Roosevelt feeling among the Hispanic
population in the United States.
e. inflation in countries surrounding the
Panama.
37. Roosevelt torpedoed the London Economic
Conference of 1933 because
a. he wanted to concentrate primarily on the
recovery of the American domestic
economy.
b. Soulja Boy was up in ‘dat hoe’.
c. he saw the hand of Hitler and Mussolini
behind the conference's proposals.
d. he was firmly committed to the gold
standard.
e. he wanted economic cooperation only
between the United States and Britain, not
the rest of Europe.
38. The Korean War ended with
a. an agreement to unify and neutralize Korea.
b. Billy Joel’s song ‘We didn’t start the fire’.
c. a peace treaty that provided for withdrawal of
American and Chinese forces from Korea.
d. an American and South Korean military
victory.
e. a stalemated armistice and continued
division of North and South Korea.
39. The War Powers Act was passed by Congress in
response to
a. the Watergate scandal.
b. President Nixon's secret bombing of Cambodia.
c. scandal within the CIA.
d. the end of the war in Vietnam.
e. the Arab oil embargo.
40. Arrange these battles in chronological order: (A)
Trenton, (B) Saratoga, (C) Long Island, (D)
Charleston.
a. B, C, A, D
b. C, A, B, D
c. C, B, A, D
d. C, B, D, A
e. A, B, C, D
41. Continental army officers attempting to form the
Society of the Cincinnati
a. were brought to trial for trying to sabotage
the civil government.
b. were ridiculed for their lordly pretensions.
c. were trying to force the Congress to pay
them their pensions.
d. reflected the Revolutionary War
generation’s spirit of equality.
e. represented the best of the officer corps.
42. One of the greatest problems that John Adams and
the Federalists faced in the election of 1800 was
a. Adams’s efforts to get America involved in
a war with France.
b. increased public debt brought on by war
preparations.
c. Adams’s refusal to take the country to war
against France.
d. Alexander Hamilton’s support of Adams.
e. the stories circulating about Adams’s
relationship with a slave woman.
43. The Deist faith embraced all of the following except
a. the concept of original sin.
b. the reliance on reason rather than revolution.
c. belief in a Supreme Being.
d. belief in human beings’ capacity for moral
behavior.
e. denial of the divinity of Jesus.
44. President Lincoln’s decision on what to do about the
situation at Fort Sumter in the first weeks of his
administration can best be characterized as
a. belligerent.
b. ambiguous.
c. manipulative.
d. cowardly.
e. cautious.
45. Two new technical developments of the late
nineteenth century that contributed to the spectacular
growth of American cities were
a. the oil furnace and the air conditioner.
b. the electric trolley and the skyscraper.
c. the compressor and the internal combustion
engine.
d. the telegraph and the railroads.
e. dancing in the streets.
46. Prominent among those who aroused the progressive
movement by stirring the public's sense of concern
were
a. socialists, social gospelers, women, and
muckraking journalists.
b. union leaders, machine politicians,
immigrant spokespeople, and engineers.
c. bankers, advertising people, congressmen,
and scientists.
d. athletes, entertainers, filmmakers, and
musicians.
e. jocks, seamstresses , Hillary Rodham
Clinton.
47. The major exception to the relatively good American
civil liberties record during World War II was the
treatment of
a. American Fascist groups.
b. war on Don Imus
c. Japanese-Americans.
d. Mexican-Americans.
e. German-Americans.
48. Despite his fiscal conservatism, Eisenhower actually
outdid the New Deal with his massive federal
spending on;
a. a continental interstate highway system.
b. a system of medical care for the elderly.
c. Intercontinental military bombers and
civilian aircraft.
d. agricultural subsidies for American farmers.
e. Fresca juice fountain in the Oval Office.
49. In the 1980 national elections
a. Edward Kennedy challenged incumbent
President Carter for the nomination of the
Democratic party.
b. although Ronald Reagan won the
presidency, both houses of Congress still
had Democratic party majorities.
c. Revolved around JFK and his adulterous relationships.
d. Third-party candidate John Anderson won three
states and seventeen Electoral College votes.
e. Ronald Reagan won the presidency by the
closest margin since the Kennedy-Nixon
election of 1960.
50. With Thomas Jefferson’s election as president, the
Democratic-Republican party
a. grew stronger and more unified.
b. removed many Federalists from government
jobs.
c. soon resented its leaders’ lavish life-style.
d. grew less unified as the Federalist party
began to fade and lose power.
e. sought to extend the Alien and Sedition Acts
to punish their enemies.
51. Upon becoming president, Thomas Jefferson and the
Republicans in Congress immediately repealed
a. the Alien and Sedition Acts.
b. the charter of the National Bank.
c. the excise tax on whiskey.
d. the funding and assumption of the national
debt.
e. money to fund the naval build-up.
52. The War of 1812 was one of the worst-fought wars in
United States history because
a. Native Americans supported the British.
b. too much national anger prevented clear
thinking on strategy.
c. of the poor state of the economy.
d. of a non-existent milita.
e. of widespread disunity.
56. Wilson's initial attitude toward the Mexican
revolutionary government was
a. Taco Bell’s burrito menu
b. a refusal to recognize the legitimacy of
General Huerta's regime.
c. a willingness to intervene with troops on
behalf of threatened American business
interests.
d. strong support and provision of economic
assistance to the Huerta regime.
e. an attempt to mobilize other Latin American
governments to help oust Huerta.
57. The Fair Employment Practices Commission was
designed to
a. guarantee fair employment to immigrants.
b. prevent discrimination against blacks in
wartime industries.
c. guarantee all regions of the country an
opportunity to compete for defense
contracts.
d. prevent discrimination in employment
against women.
e. guarantee that those who had been
unemployed longest would be the first hired.
53. As a revivalist preacher, Charles Grandison Finney
advocated
a. opposition to slavery.
b. a perfect Christian kingdom on earth.
c. opposition to alcohol.
d. public prayer by women.
e. all of the above.
58. One major breakthrough in American literature in the
early post-World War II years was
a. the realistic depiction of war and industrial
poverty.
b. angry social criticism of the "American
dream."
c. Charlie Brown and the Peanuts comic strip.
d. satirical and comic novels by Jewish writers.
e. an optimistic vision of nature and love in the
work of American poets and playwrights.
54. At the beginning of the Civil War, President
Abraham Lincoln favored
a. postponing military action as long as possible.
b. ending slavery.
c. long-term enlistments for Union soldiers.
d. quick military action to show the folly of
secession.
e. seizing control of the Ohio and Mississippi
Rivers.
59. That preference in the admission policies of
institutions of higher education could not be based on
ethnic or racial identity alone was the Supreme
Court's decision in
a. Roe v. Wade.
b. The Bakke case.
c. Brown v. Board of Education.
d. New York Times v. Miranda
e. the Miranda decision.
55. Unlike Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois
advocated
a. economic opportunity for blacks.
b. that blacks remain in the South rather than
move north.
c. integration and social equality for blacks.
d. practical as well as theoretical education for
blacks.
e. inflation towards the white economic system
60. The most devastating defeat suffered by the British
during the War of 1812 took place at the Battle of
a. New Orleans.
b. Horseshoe Bend.
c. Tippecanoe.
d. the Thames.
e. Fallen Timbers.
61. After the War of 1812, Europe
a. became more democratic and liberal.
b. developed very close ties to the United
States.
c. continued to have an important impact on
American shipping.
d. returned to conservativism, illiberalism, and
reaction.
e. sought more trade with China.
62. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin,
a. fewer slaves were needed on the plantations.
b. short-staple cotton lost popularity.
c. slavery was reinvigorated.
d. Thomas Jefferson predicted the gradual
death of slavery.
e. the African slave trade was legalized.
63. In the pre-Civil War South, the most uncommon and
least successful form of slave resistance was
a. feigned laziness.
b. sabotage of plantation equipment.
c. running away.
d. armed insurrection.
e. stealing food and other goods.
64. Northern soldiers eventually became known for their
a. discipline and determination.
b. cowardice in battle.
c. lack of proper training.
d. high-pitched battle yell.
e. love of military pomp and hierarchy.
65. The warfare that led up to the Battle of the Little Big
Horn was set off by
a. white intrusion into the previously reserved
Indian territory of Oklahoma.
b. Indian attacks on the transcontinental
railroad construction crews.
c. a conflict over the interpretation of the
second Treaty of Fort Laramie.
d. Nazi confrontation on the home front.
e. white intrusions after the discovery of gold
in the sacred Black Hills.
66. The purpose of George Creel's Committee on Public
Information was
a. to develop information on American
wartime industrial production.
b. to get low.
c. to develop counterintelligence information
on German spies and saboteurs in the United
States.
d. to recruit volunteers for the armed forces.
e. to whip up public support for the war and
promote anti-German propaganda.
67. Besides giving educational benefits to returning
veterans, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944
(the GI Bill of Rights) was partly intended to
a. Revive John Brown’s body.
b. provide the colleges with a new source of
income.
c. keep the GIs' military skills in high
readiness for the Cold War.
d. help to slow down the inflationary economy
that developed at the end of World War II.
e. prevent returning soldiers from flooding the
job market.
68. President Kennedy's proposals for increased
educational aid and medical assistance
a. succeeded because of his skill in legislative
bargaining.
b. were traded away in exchange for passage of
the bill establishing the Peace Corps.
c. were stalled at the House.
d. were stalled by strong opposition in
Congress.
e. were strongly opposed by business interests.
69. The Iran-contra scandal reflected a sharp conflict
between Congress and President Reagan over
a. U.S. aid for rebels against the leftist
government of Nicaragua.
b. The American policy of refusing to trade
arms for U.S. hostages in the Middle East.
c. the attitude of American Christian and
Jewish leaders toward Iran's Islamic
Revolution.
d. the release of nine U.S. hostages
e. the U.S. economic boycott of Fidel Castro's
Cuba.
70. After President John Tyler’s veto of a bill to establish
a new Bank of the United States,
a. he was expelled from the Whig party.
b. all but one member of his cabinet resigned.
c. an attempt was made in the House of
representatives to impeach him.
d. Tyler also vetoed a Whig-sponsored hightariff bill.
e. all of the above.
71. The Aroostook War was the result of
a. a short-lived insurrection in British Canada.
b. the Caroline incident.
c. the offer of asylum to the crew of the Creole.
d. a dispute over the northern boundary of Maine.
e. a fishing dispute between Britain and the U. S.
72. As a result of the Confederate victory in the
Peninsula Campaign,
a. Robert E. Lee was named to command the
entire Southern army.
b. Lincoln named Ulysses S. Grant as
commander of the Union forces.
c. Lincoln delayed his issuance of the
Emancipation Proclamation.
d. the Union turned to a strategy of total war.
e. Lincoln abandoned the war in the West.
73. At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners
a. reluctantly supported the federal
government.
b. accepted the fact, however reluctantly, that
the war was wrong.
c. saw their former slaves in a new light.
d. asked for pardons so that they could once
again hold political office and vote.
e. still believed that their view of secession
was correct.
74. The greatest achievements of the Freedmen’s Bureau
were in
a. its distribution of land.
b. education.
c. the provision of food and clothing.
d. helping people to find employment.
e. all of the above.
75. The "safety valve" theory of the frontier holds that
a. Americans were able to divert the most
violent elements of the population to the
West.
b. the conflict between farmers and ranchers
was relieved by the Homestead Act.
c. unemployed city dwellers could move west
and thus relieve labor conflict in the East.
d. political movements such as the Populists
provided relief for the most serious
grievances of western farmers.
e. Nutterbutters
76. The concentration of many American ethnic groups
in separate neighborhoods with their own distinct
institutions, cultures, and values meant that ;
a. English was no longer the dominant
language in the United States.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the United States was intolerant of ethnic
differences.
Catholics and Jews had a political base from
which to gain the presidency.
it was almost impossible to organize the
American working class across ethnic and
religious lines.
white flight was as bad as blockbuster.
77. The NATO alliance represented an historic
transformation in American foreign policy because
a. it departed from the principles of the
Monroe Doctrine.
b. it put the United States into the position of
guaranteeing the permanent subordination of
Germany.
c. it was headed by Mary Helen Wiesel.
d. it committed the United States to a
permanent peacetime alliance with other
nations.
e. it meant establishing military bases outside
the territory of the continental United States.
78. Lyndon Johnson won an overwhelming landslide
victory in the 1964 election partly because
a. he pledged to lower taxes during his
presidency.
b. he repudiated many of the policies of the
unpopular Kennedy administration.
c. he promised to take a tough stand in
opposing communist aggression in Vietnam.
d. Republican candidate Senator Barry
Goldwater was seen by many Americans as
a "trigger-happy" extremist.
e. Johnson had achieved considerable personal
popularity with the electorate.
79. Compared to other countries' median incomes,
Americans in the 1990s were
a. still the wealthiest people in the world.
b. in the middle third of the world's income
levels.
c. seeing a steady decline in their average
incomes.
d. no longer at the top but still among the
world's most affluent people.
e. comparable to a third world country
END OF SECTION I
UNITED STATES HISTORY
SECTION II
Part A
(Suggested writing time – 45 minutes)
Percent of Section II score – 45
Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that
integrates your interpretation of Documents A-H and your knowledge of the period
referred to in the question. High scores will be earned only by essays that both cite key
pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on outside knowledge of the period.
Question:
Early American's were successful in improving the standard of freedom from that of
England. Use your knowledge of British rule as well as the documents provided to
access the validity of this statement.
Document A
In the last session of Parliament, an act was passed for blocking up the harbor of
Boston; another, empowering the governor of the Massachusetts Bay to send persons
indicted for murder in that province to another colony, or even to Great Britain, for trial,
whereby such offenders may escape legal punishment; a third for altering the chartered
constitution of government in that province, and a fourth for altering the limits of Quebec,
abolishing the English and restoring the French laws, whereby great numbers of British
Frenchmen are subjected to the latter, and establishing an absolute government and the
Roman Catholic religion throughout those vast regions that border on the westerly and
northerly boundaries of the free, Protestant, English settlements; and a fifth for the better
providing suitable quarters for officers and soldiers in his majesty's service in North
America.
To a sovereign who glories in the name of Britain, the bare recital of these acts must, we
presume, justify the loyal subjects who fly to the foot of his throne and implore his clemency
for protection against them.
Document B
They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary.
But when shall we be stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be
when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every
house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means
of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom
of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak if we
make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. The
millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which
we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides,
sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the
destinies of nations, and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle,
sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we
have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the
contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their
clanking
may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable--and let it come! I repeat it,
sir, let it come.
It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace-- but there
is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will
bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why
stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so
dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it,
Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or
give me death!
Document C
Upon this the Chiefs concluded a treaty with the British Commissioners, in which they
agreed to take up arms against the rebels, and continue in the service of his Majesty till
they were subdued, in consideration of certain conditions which were stipulated in the
treaty to be performed by the British government and its agents.
As soon as the treaty was finished, the Commissioners made a present to each Indian of
a suit of clothes, a brass kettle, a gun and tomahawk, a scalping knife, a quantity of
powder and lead, a piece of gold, and promised a bounty on every scalp that should be
brought in. Thus richly clad and equipped, they returned home, after an absence of
about two weeks, full of the fire of war, and anxious to encounter their enemies. Many
of the kettles which the Indians received at that time are now in use on the Genesee
Flats.
Document D
For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering
fundamentally the forms of our governments;
For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power
to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging
war against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns, and destroyed the
lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the
works of death, desolation, and tyranny already begun with circumstances of cruelty and
perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a
civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms
against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall
themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrection among us, and has endeavored to bring on the
inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is
an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.
In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms;
our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character
is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free
people.
Document E
I will humbly attempt to describe good Kings by the following unerring rule. The best
Princes are constantly calumniated by the envenomed tongues and pens of the most
worthless of their subjects. For this melancholy truth, do I appeal to the testimony of
impartial historians, and long experience. The many unmerited insults offered to our
gracious Sovereign; by the unprincipled [John] Wilkes, and others down to this late
Author; will forever disgrace humanity. For he says, “that monarchy was the most
prosperous invention the Devil ever set on foot for the promotion of idolatry. It is the
pride of Kings which throws mankind into confusion: In short, continues this Author,
monarchy and succession, have laid not this or that kingdom only, but the world in
blood and ashes.” How deplorably wretched the condition of mankind, could they
believe such execrable flagitious jargon. Unhappily indeed, mankind in every age are
susceptible of delusion; but surely our Author’s poison carries its antidote with it.
Attentive to the spirit of his publication, we fancy ourselves in the barbarous fifteenth
century: in which period our Author would have figured with his “Common Sense ---and blood will attend it.”
Document F
SECT. II.
WE the General Assembly of Virginia do enact that no man shall be compelled to frequent
or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced,
restrained, molested, or burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer, on
account of his religious opinions or belief; but that all men shall be free to profess, and by
argument to maintain, their opinions in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no
wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities.
SECT. III.
AND though we well know that this Assembly, elected by the people for the ordinary
purposes of legislation only, have no power to restrain the acts of succeeding
Assemblies, constituted with powers equal to our own, and that therefore to declare this
act irrevocable would be of no effect in law; yet we are free to declare, and do declare,
that the rights hereby asserted are of the natural rights of mankind, and that if any act
shall be hereafter passed to repeal the present or to narrow its operation, such act will be
an infringement of natural right.
Document G
The petition of A Great Number of Blackes detained in a State of slavery in the Bowels
of a free & Christian Country Humbly shuwith [showeth] that your Petitioners apprehend
that thay [they] have in Common with all other men a Natural and Unaliable [inalienable]
Right to that freedom which the Grat Parent of the Unavers hath Bestowed equalley on
all menkind and which they have Never forfuted by any Compact or agreement
whatever—but thay wher Unjustly Dragged by the hand of cruel Power from their Derest
friends and sum of them Even torn from the Embraces of their tender Parents—from A
popolous Pleasant and plentiful contry and in violation of Laws of Nature and off Nations
and in defiance of all the tender feelings of humanity Brough hear Either to Be sold Like
Beast of Burthen & Like them Condemnd to Slavery for Life—Among A People
Profesing the mild Religion of Jesus A people Not Insensible of the Secrets of Rational
Being Nor without spirit to Resent the unjust endeavours of others to Reduce them to a
state of Bondage and Subjection your honouer Need not to be informed that A Life of
Slavery Like that of your petioners Deprived of Every social privilege of Every thing
Requisit to Render Life Tolable is far worse then Nonexistence.
[In Imitat]ion of the Lawdable Example of the Good People of these States your
petitiononers have Long and Patiently waited the Evnt of petition after petition By them
presented to the Legislative Body of this state and cannot but with Grief Reflect that their
Success hath ben but too similar they Cannot but express their Astonishment that It has
Never Bin Consirdered that Every Principle form which Amarica has Acted in the Cours of
their unhappy Dificultes with Great Briton Pleads Stronger than A thousand arguments in
favowrs of your petioners they therfor humble Beseech your honours to give this petion
[petition] its due weight & consideration & cause an act of the Legislatur to be past Wherby
they may be Restored to the Enjoyments of that which is the Naturel Right of all men—and
their Children who wher Born in this Land of Liberty may not be heald as Slaves after they
arrive at the age of twenty one years so may the Inhabitance of this Stats No longer
chargeable with the inconsistancey of acting themselves the part which they condem and
oppose in others Be prospered in their present Glorious struggle for Liberty and have those
Blessing to them, &c.
Document H
A pleasing uniformity of decent competence appears throughout our habitations. The
meanest of our log-houses is a dry and comfortable habitation. Lawyer or merchant are
the fairest titles our towns afford; that of a farmer is the only appellation of the rural
inhabitants of our country. It must take some time ere he can reconcile himself to our
dictionary, which is but short in words of dignity, and names of honour. (There, on a
Sunday, he sees a congregation of respectable farmers and their wives, all clad in neat
homespun, well mounted, or riding in their own humble waggons. There is not among
them an esquire, saving the unlettered magistrate. There he sees a parson as simple as
his flock, a farmer who does not riot on the labour of others. We have no princes, for
whom we toil, starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the
world. Here man is free; as he ought to be; nor is this pleasing equality so transitory as
many others are.
END OF DOCUMENTS FOR QUESTION 1
UNITED STATES HISTORY
SECTION II
Part B and Part C
(Suggested total planning and writing time – 70 minutes)
Percent of Section II score – 55
Part B
Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes
writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments
clearly and logically.
1. Question A
Analyze the differences between the Spanish settlements in the Southwest and the English settlements in
New England in the seventeenth century in terms of TWO of the following:
o
o
o
2.
Politics
Religion
Economic Development
Question B
Analyze the ways in which the federal government sought support on the home front for the war effort
during the First World War.
Part C
Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes
writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments
clearly and logically.
3. Question D
Explain why and how the role of the federal government changed as a result of the Civil War with respect
to TWO of the following during the period 1861-1877:
o
o
o
4.
Race relations
Economic development
Western expansion
Question E
Compare and contrast the programs and policies designed by reformers of the Progressive era to those
designed by reformers of the New Deal period. Confine your answer to programs and policies that
addressed the needs of those living in poverty.
END OF EXAMINATION