Download Protein synthesis test review

Name: ______________________________________________ Date: _________________ Period: _____
Ch. 13 Protein Synthesis Study Guide
1. Key Terms: Make note cards of the following terms to help you study for your test (optional)
RNA
Transcription
Genetic code
Mutation
Oncogene
mRNA
promoter
codon
point mutation
gene regulation
tRNA
intron
anticodon
frameshift mutation
rRNA
exon
translation
mutagen
RNA polymerase
polypeptide
gene expression
carcinogen
2. Put the following steps of protein synthesis in order by numbering 1 through 5.
________ mRNA leaves the nucleus with the DNA code, and goes to the ribosomes
________ribosomes make proteins
________mRNA and tRNA meet in the ribosomes
________DNA temporarily unzips
________mRNA nucleotides match up to DNA
3. Use this DNA strand to answer questions below:
G C G T A A T G A
mRNA strand: ____________________________
tRNA strand: _____________________________
How many amino acids have been coded for by the above DNA strand? _______
4. What is the monomer of a protein? _________________________________
5. Where are proteins made? __________________________________
6. Fill out the 2 tables below:
DNA
RNA
Type of RNA
Function
Sugar
# of strands
Nitrogen bases
7. When the information from DNA is passed to mRNA this process is called _______________________.
8. How many bases make a codon? _______
9. Amino acids linked together form what? ___________________________
10. Total number of amino acids? _____________ Are there more or less than 20 codons? ____________
11. Label the following diagram with these terms: transcription, translation, cytoplasm, nucleus, DNA,
mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, and protein. Circle 1 codon and 1 anticodon.
12. If there is a mutation where one base is inserted into the mRNA sequence, will every amino acid be
affected or just specifically the amino acid that is being coded for where the mutation occurred? See
the DNA strands below and then explain.
Original mRNA sequence:
UAU GUU CUG GUU
Mutated mRNA sequence: UAU GUU GCU GGU U
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
13. How does genetic information flow (aka the dogma of biology)?
_____________
_____________
_____________
14. If the DNA strand normally reads TAT but then is changed to read TAA, what will happen to the
protein produced? What type of mutation is this?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
15. List the steps of transcription and translation. Make sure to not confuse the two!
Transcription
Translation
16. Use the circular codon table to complete the DNA triplets, mRNA codons, tRNA anticodons, and
amino acids in the table below.
DNA triplet
mRNA codon
tRNA anticodon
AAG
UUC
GGC
CAG
UUA
AAA
GTA
CUC
ACA
TAT
AGC
AUU
CCA
GGC
Amino Acid
17. Differentiate between gene mutations and chromosomal mutations.
18. List the four types of chromosomal mutations:
19. With regards to chromosomal mutations, how can you tell the difference between an inversion and
translocation?
20. Using the following mRNA sequence, follow the instructions below:
mRNA:
AUG – CUU – CGG – AAA – AUA – AAU – UGA
a) Determine the amino acid chain.
b) Change the fourth mRNA base from C to G and determine the amino acid chain. Type of
mutation caused?
c) Take out the 13th base and determine the amino acid chain. Type of mutation caused?
21. List two things that can cause mutations.
22. What three things allow cells to turn genes on and off?
23. Define cancer. How is it related to a tumor?
24. Define oncogenes. How does it cause cancer?