Download 常用化合物的分子量和其在水中的溶解

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常用化合物的分子量和其在水中的溶解
Chemical compounds
Molecular
weight,
formula
and
solubility
in
water
of
some
chemicalcompoundsChemicalcompoundAcetic acidAcetone
Aluminium chloride
Formula
Mole-cularweight60.158.1241.478.0102.0
Solubility/1 litreH2O, 20 °C/in g––
450 (readily soluble)– (practicallyinsoluble)insoluble
363 (readily soluble)very readily soluble(23% NH3content)374 (readily soluble)754
(very
readilysoluble)357insoluble~
20
(readily
hotsoluble)49insolublereadily
soluble
CH3COOHCH3-CO-CH3AlCl3· 6H2O
Aluminium hydroxideAl(OH)3Aluminium oxideAluminium sulfateAmmonia (gas)Ammonia
(solution)
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Al2O3
Al2(SO4)3· 18H2O666.4NH3NH4OH
17.035.053.5132.1244.3233.4381.461.8100.1111.0
Ammonium chlorideNH4ClAmmonium sulfateBarium chlorideBarium sulfate
(NH4)2SO4BaCl2· 2H2OBaSO4
Borax
(sodium tetraborate)Na2B4O7· 10H2OBoric acidCalcium carbonateCalcium chloride
calc.
H3BO3CaChttp://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/ba437711a3fd9e41710c3890O3CaCl2
359
Chemical compounds
Molecular
weight,
formula
and
solubility
in
water
of
some
chemicalcompoundsChemicalcompoundCalcium chloride cryst.
Calcium formateCalcium hydroxideCalcium oxideCarbon disulfideChrome alumChromium
chloride
Formula
Mole-cularweight219.1130.174.156.176.1
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Solubility/1 litreH2O, 20 °C/in g745soluble
1.3 (difficult soluble)with H2O Ca(OH)22~ 240readily solubleinsoluble1200350
readily soluble–
soluble
(formaldehyde)–
~ 850 (readilysoluble)solublesoluble
CaCl2· 6H2OCa(HCOO)2Ca(OH)2CaOCS2
KCr(SO4)2· 12H2O499.4CrCl3
158.4103.0
Chromium hydroxideCr(OH)3Chromium sulfateCopper sulfateDimethylamineEthyl alcohol
(ethanol)FormaldehydeFormic acidGlucoseGlutaraldehydeGlyoxal360
Cr2(SO4)3· 18H2O716.5CuSO4· 5H2O(CH3)2NHC2H5OHHCHOHCOOHC6H12O6
249.745.146.130.0http://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/ba437711a3fd9e41710c389046.01
80.2
CHO-(CH2)3-CHO100.1C2H2O2
58.0
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Chemical compounds
Molecular
weight,
formula
and
solubility
in
water
of
some
chemicalcompoundsChemicalcompound
Formula
Mole-cularweight140.236.534.034.1
Solubility/1 litreH2O, 20 °C/in g~ 820–miscible
considerably solublesoluble919440156.5insolubleinsoluble–460insoluble542
soluble in acids356–
361
Hexamethylene
sulfideIron
C6H12N4tetramineHydrochloric
alumIron(III)
chlorideIron(III)
acidHydrogen
peroxideHydrogen
sulfateIron(II)
sulfateIron(III)
oxideIron(II) oxideLactic acidLead acetateLead(II) sulfate
HClH2O2H2S
KFe (SO4)2· 503.112H2OFe Cl3· 6H2OFe2(SO4)3· 9H2O
270.3562.1
Fe SO4· 7H2O 278.1Fe2O3FeO
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CH3-CHOH-COOH
159.771.890.1
Pb(OOCCH3)2· 379.33H2OPbSO4
303.3203.340.3246.563.0
Magnesium
chlorideMgCl2· 6H2OMagnehttp://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/ba437711a3fd9e41710c3
890sium oxideMagnesium sulfateNitric acid
MgO
MgSO4· 7H2OHNO3
Chemical compounds
Molecular
weight,
formula
and
solubility
in
water
of
chemicalcompoundsChemicalcompoundOxalic acidPhenolPhthalic acidPotash alum
Formula
Mole-cularweight90.094.1166.1
Solubility/1 litreH2O, 20 °C/in g96.4–5.71141115344123111464~ 80096~ 2400
very readily solublereadily soluble216359
(COOH)2C6H6OC8H6O4
some
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KAI(SO4)2· 12H2O474.4
138.274.5294.256.1158.0
Potassium carbonateK2CO3Potassium chloride
KCl
Potassium K2Cr2O7
dichromate
Potassium hydroxideKOHPotassium KMnO4permanganateSodium acetate
NaOOC-CH3· 136.13H2O
84.0298.0104.1106.0286.158.4
Sodium bicarbonateNaHCO3Sodium dichromateSodium bisulfiteSodium carbonate calc.
Sodium carbonate cryst.
Sodium chloride362
Nhttp://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/ba437711a3fd9e41710c3890a2Cr2O7· 2H2ONaHSO3N
a2CO3
Na2CO3·
10H2ONaCl
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Chemical compounds
Molecular
weight,
formula
and
chemicalcompoundsChemicalcompoundSodium
solubility
in
chloriteSodium
water
of
some
formateSodium
hexameta-phosphate
Formula
Mole-cularweight90.468.0611.1210.240.069.0138.0
Solubility/1 litreH2O, 20 °C/in g~ 600readily solublesoluble2541070~ 8301103~
700258191
readily soluble475 (10 °C)154 (10 °C)readily soluble
363
NaClO2HCOO NaNa6(PO3)6
Sodium Na2S2O4· 2H2OhydrosulfiteSodium hydroxideSodium nitriteSodium phosphate
(mono)
Sodium phosphate (di.)
Sodium phosphate (tri)
Sodium sulfate (cryst.)
Sodium sulfate (powder)Sodium sulfide(cryst.)Sodium sulfide (powder)Sodium sulfite
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NaOHNaNO2
NaH2PO4· H2O
Na2HPO4· 12H2O358.2Na3PO4· 12H2O
380.1
Na2SO4·
10H2O
322.2Na2SO4Na2S · 9H2Ohttp://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/ba437711a3fd9e41710c389
0Na2SNa2SO3
142.1240.278.1126.0
Chemical compounds
Molecular
weight,
formula
and
solubility
in
water
of
some
chemicalcompoundsChemicalcompound
Formula
Mole-cularweight56.0248.298.1150.179.960.1136.3287.5123.1355.4
Solubility/1 litreH2O, 20 °C/in g
readily soluble700–~ 140insoluble~ 800367538insolublesoluble
Sodium NaSH
sulfhydrateSodium thiosulfateSulfuric acidTartaric acidTitanium dioxideUreaZinc
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chlorideZinc sulfateZirconium dioxideZirconium sulfate
Na2S2O3· 5H2OH2SO4C4H6O6TiO2
(NH2)2· COZnCl2
ZnSO4· 7H2OZrO2
Zr(SO4)2· 4H2O
364
Chemical compounds
Production of a certain relative humidity
The salts listed below can produce a certain relative humidity at 20 °Cthrough their
saturated,
aqueous
solutions,
which
must
still
contain
solidsalt
at
the
bottom.Relative
Producthumidity98???http://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/ba437711a3fd9e41710c3890??
???yvufeXVURGEB51 _%
Lead nitrate, Pb (NO3)2Potassium sulfate, K2SO4
Sec. sodium phosphate, Na2HPO4· 12H2OPrimary ammonium phosphate, NH4H2PO4Cryst.
soda, Na2CO3· 10H2OPotassium chromate, K2CrO4
Potassium chloride, KCl, or Potassium bisulfate, KHSO4Potassium bromide, KBr
Ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl
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Cryst. sodium acetate, CH3COONa · 3H2O
Sodium chloride, NaCl or Sodium chlorate, NaClO3Sodium nitrite, NaNO2
Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3
Cryst. sodium bromide, NaBr · 2H2OMagnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2· 6H2OCalcium nitrate,
Ca(NO3)2
Sodium dichromate, Na2Cr2O7· 2H2OPotassium rhodanide, KSCN
Potassium carbonate, K2CO3· 2H2OCryst. zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3)2· 6H2OCryst. calcium
chloride, CaCl2· 6H2OCryst. copper-II-chloride, CuCl2· 6H2OPotassium acetate,
CH3COOKLithium chloride, LiCl
· H2O
365
Chemical compounds://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/ba437711a3fd9e41710c3890r
Definition of mixtures of substances Dispersion
Heterogeneous mixture of substances in which one phasein form of particles is
dispersed more or less finely inanother phase, the dispersing agent = disperse system.
1. Colloidal disperse system:Particle sizes 10-9... 5 x 10-7m.a. Sol= colloidal
solution.
b. Gel= gelatinous substance.
Sols can be converted into gels by coagulation. Somegels can be converted into sols
by peptisation. 2. Coarsely disperse system:Particle size > 5 x 10-7m.
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Heterogeneous mixture of two or more liquid substances. Substances consisting of two
ore more substances pro-duced by physical processes (not by chemical reactions). 1.
Homogeneous mixture:
Mixtures whose constituents are not distinguishable evenby viewing under a microscope,
e.g., true solutions. 2. Heterogeneous mixture:
a.
Mixture
consisting
of
two
or
more
phases
which
areseparated
from
http://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/ba437711a3fd9e41710c3890one another at least by
microscopicallydistinguishable separating surfaces.
b. Like heterogeneous mixtures, but one phase is finelydispersed in another phase,
the dispersing agent. 1. True solution:
Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.Particle size of the dissolved
substances
Heterogeneous mixture of substances. Particle sizes 10-9…5 x 10-7m.
Homogeneous portion of a heterogeneous mixture. Heterogeneous mixture of solid and
liquid substances. Heterogeneous mixture of gases and liquids.
EmulsionMixture
Solution
PhaseSuspensionFoam
366
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Chemical compounds
Terms expressing interaction with waterMoistnessAbsorptionAdsorptionSorption
Liquids held or deposited in a solid.
The action of a material in taking up water vapourand retaining it throughout its
structure.
The
adhesion
of
water
vapour
to
the
outer
ihttp://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/ba437711a3fd9e41710c3890nnersurfaces
and
of
a
material.
The action of a material in taking up water and/orwater vapour. Absorption and
adsorption may
overlap when water vapour is taken up from the air. The action of a material in giving
off (usually)absorbed and/or adsorbed water vapour to thesurrounding atmosphere.
State of equilibrium between moistness content of a material and relative humidity.
Mass of a moist material (including liquids). Moistness (water) content in relation
to mass of moistness.
Moistness in relation to dry solids.
Difference of moistness of a material after drying or moistening in relation to the
mass of moistness at the outset.
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Solids in a material free from moistness.
Solids content including defined (usually maximum permissible) moistness according
to commercialpractice.
State of a solid conditioned under standard climatic conditions to constant
mashttp://www.mianfeiwendang.com/doc/ba437711a3fd9e41710c3890s weight.
Like normally dry state but strict adherence to condi-tioning under standard climatic
conditions to con-stant mass weight is not required.
367
Desorption
MoistnessequilibriumMass of moistnessMoistness
(water)
contentMoistnessratioRelative
change
of
moistnessDry
solidsCommercialgradesNormal moist or dry stateAir-dry state
368
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