Download Excretory

THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
What Stuff Is

Pair of kidneys
◦ Retroperitoneal
Pair of ureters
 Urinary bladder
 Urethra

Where Stuff Is
Hilum
The Kidney
Pyramid
Papilla
Cortex
Medulla
Column
Calyx
Pelvis
Ureter
Functions of Excretory System

Regulate body fluids
◦ Volume, pH, composition
Remove metabolic wastes from blood
 Control rate of RBC formation
 Regulate blood pressure
 Regulate absorption of calcium

Body Needs


The body has certain needs if it is to stay
alive: It needs food, water and oxygen, among
other things. Three body systems work
together to gather these requirements and
get them to the right places (the respiratory,
digestive & circulatory system).
As a result of these systems working
together to keep the body alive and
functioning properly, they also produce a lot
of waste as a by-product.
Body Waste
What is body waste? Any material that the
body cannot use.
 Hidden throughout your body are dangerous
poisons that must be removed in order for it
to survive.
 These wastes are toxic to the organism if
allowed to accumulate inside the body or
blood. It will lead to sickness and death.
 This body waste must be found, collected
and then removed from the body by the
excretory system.

The Job
The job of the excretory system is to get
rid of body waste and to maintain water
balance (it keeps the amount of water in
the body fairly constant).
 Body waste that the body must get rid of:
Carbon dioxide, solid waste (indigestible
food) , water, ammonia (cell waste),
inorganic salts and heat.


Excretory
System
Digestive
System
Removes
solid waste
(feces)
Respiratory
System
Removes
carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Urinary
System
Removes
urine
Unlike other
organ systems,
the excretory
system
involves a few
different organ
systems,
spread
throughout the
body, working
together to do
its job.
Integumentary
System (skin)
Removes
sweat
Excreting Waste Through 4 Systems
Integumentary System: Also known as the skin,
this system removes excess salt, water, and other
waste in the body as sweat, through the pores of the
skin. At the same time, this process helps to cool off
the body and to maintain a healthy body temperature.
 Digestive System: Materials that the body does not
take in as nutrients is eliminated as solid waste
(feces).
 Urinary System: Removes waste from the blood
that has been converted to urine (see next slide)
 Respiratory System: Carbon dioxide, a cell waste,
is exited out of the body by the lungs.

Pee is made

Urine is created by your kidneys.Your
kidneys process waste from your blood.
Essentially, the blood is filtered through
the kidney where wastes and water,
minerals, salts, sugars, etc are removed.
Some of the sugars and such are
reabsorbed back into your blood. What’s
left in the kidney after filtration of the
blood; the toxins, salts, urea, ammonia,
excess water, etc becomes urine.
Skin

Your Integumentary System uses sweat
glands in the skin to get rid of body
waste. In these glands, excess water, salt
and a small amount of waste build up.
These substances leave your body
through the skin as sweat. This process
helps your body cool down.
Kidneys


The kidneys are the body’s filtration system.
They clean out your blood of body waste
and make sure that your blood is just the
right combination -- not too thin or too
thick, not too salty, or overloaded with
excess vitamins and minerals or wastes
made in your body.
The kidneys work as they do because they
contain millions of very small filters called
“nephrons”. The entire blood supply passes
through the kidneys once every 20-30
minutes for a total of about 60 times a day.
Liver
Liver is the largest gland in the human body and
one of the most complex of all human organs. The
liver serves as the body's main chemical factory
and one of its major storehouses of food. It lies in
the upper right part of the abdomen, directly
under the diaphragm and above the stomach and
intestines.
 The liver performs many essential functions. One
of its most important tasks is to help the body
digest food. The liver also stores food. the liver
filters poisons and wastes from the blood.

Lungs
The lungs are a pair of organs which are a part of
the respiratory system, but they also function in the
excretory system.When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls air
into the lungs. The oxygen in the air is absorbed and
transported to the cells through the bloodstream.When the
cells in the body receive and use the oxygen, as a part of the
process of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is created as
a waste.
 This is transported by the bloodstream back to the lungs so
that the carbon dioxide is released into the air in the
lungs.When the diaphragm relaxes and forces the air out of
the body system, the carbon dioxide is also transported out
of the body system.This system is repeated many times so
that oxygen continues to be provided for the body and, as it
is used and wastes are created.

Diseases


Nephritis is a disease affecting the kidneys.
It’s an inflammation on the glomeruli, due to
a number of possible causes, including things
like strep throat. Symptoms include bloody
urine, scant urine output, and
sweeling/puffliness.
Nephrosis is characterized by the excretion
of an abnormally large amount of protein
(causing “foamy” urine) and generalized
edema (water retention/swelling)
throughout the whole body, especially noted
as “puffy” eyelids.
Kidney Stones
Kidney stones can form when urine contains too much of
certain substances. These substances can create small crystals
that become stones. The biggest risk factor for kidney stones
is dehydration.
 Kidney stones may not produce symptoms until they begin
to move down the tubes (ureters) through which urine
empties into the bladder. When this happens, the stones can
block the flow of urine out of the kidneys. This causes
swelling of the kidney or kidneys, causing pain. The pain is
usually severe.
 Kidney stones are common. A person who has had kidney
stones often gets them again in the future. Kidney stones
often occur in premature infants.
 Some types of stones tend to run in families. Certain kinds of
stones can occur with bowel disease, ileal bypass for obesity,
or renal tubule defects.

Kidney Stones (cont.)

There are different types of kidney stones. The exact cause
depends on the type of stone.
◦ Calcium stones are most common. They occur more often in
men than in women, and usually appear between ages 20 - 30.
They are likely to come back. Calcium can combine with other
substances, such as oxalate (the most common substance),
phosphate, or carbonate to form the stone. Oxalate is present in
certain foods. Diseases of the small intestine increase the risk of
forming calcium oxalate stones.
◦ Cystine stones can form in people who have cystinuria. This
disorder runs in families and affects both men and women.
◦ Struvite stones are mostly found in women who have a urinary
tract infection These stones can grow very large and can block
the kidney, ureter, or bladder.
◦ Uric acid stones are more common in men than in women. They
can occur with gout or chemotherapy.
PEACE!!!!