Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Interactive Science 3A
Transcript
Question Bank (Ch. 12) INTERACTIVE SCIENCE 3A Question Bank Chapter 12 A HEALTHY BODY Concept Checking Write ‘T’ for a true statement or ‘F’ for a false statement. 12.1 Keeping our Body Healthy 3A120101Q001Eng A person who is physically, mentally and socially well is a healthy person. [Ans] T 3A120101Q002Eng Healthy people have a good relationship with their family and friends. [Ans] T 3A120101Q003Eng Besides keeping our bodies fit, we should also keep a good relationship with people. [Ans] T 12.2 Food Substances 3A120101Q004Eng In our body, fats are used to release energy only when carbohydrates are in short supply. [Ans] T 3A120201Q005Eng In our body, proteins cannot be used to release energy when carbohydrates and fats are in short supply. [Ans] F 3A120201Q006Eng Excess carbohydrates, fats and proteins can be stored in our body. [Ans] F 3A120101Q007Eng Goitre is a disease caused by the deficiency of iodine. [Ans] T 3A120101Q008Eng Vitamins and minerals release energy for use by the body when necessary. [Ans] F 3A120101Q009Eng Lack of iron results in insufficient red blood cells in the body. [Ans] T 3A120101Q010Eng Iron is found mainly in seafood. [Ans] F 3A120101Q011Eng Both vitamin D and calcium are important for keeping our bones strong. [Ans] T 3A120201Q012Eng Vitamin C is important in blood making and the deficiency of vitamin C results in weak gums. [Ans] F 3A120201Q013Eng Green vegetables are very rich in vitamins and minerals. [Ans] T 1 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120101Q014Eng Dietary fibre is important for growth and should be included in all meals. [Ans] F 3A120101Q015Eng Water is an important food substance although it is not included in the food pyramid. [Ans] T 12.3 Balanced Diet 3A120101Q016Eng The only bad effect of anorexia is bad-looking. [Ans] F 3A120101Q017Eng Losing weight is an important way to keep our body healthy. [Ans] F 3A120101Q018Eng A well-looking person is normally a healthy person. [Ans] F 3A120201Q019Eng Pork is fatty and should be put at the top of the food pyramid. [Ans] F 3A120201Q020Eng Beans are put at the bottom of the food pyramid with grain products. [Ans] F 12.4 Natural Food and Processed Food 3A120101Q021Eng Natural foods are those without food additives. [Ans] T 3A120201Q022Eng (extension) A food is still natural after adding a natural food colouring onto it. [Ans] F 3A120101Q023Eng (extension) Food additives are chemicals added to food. [Ans] T 3A120101Q024Eng (extension) Sugar can be used as a preservative and flavouring at the same time. [Ans] T 12.5 How Food is Digested and Absorbed in our Body 3A120101Q025Eng The process of breaking food down into simpler forms is called digestion. [Ans] T 3A120201Q026Eng Digestion starts at the stomach. [Ans] F 3A120201Q027Eng The long tubing from the mouth to the anus is called the digestive system. [Ans] F 3A120101Q028Eng The digestion of carbohydrates starts at the mouth. [Ans] T 2 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120101Q029Eng The pancreas and the liver are parts of the digestive system. [Ans] T 3A120101Q030Eng (extension) Bacteria can digest our teeth and cause tooth decay. [Ans] F 3A120101Q031Eng Gall bladder secretes bile for digestion of fats. [Ans] F 3A120101Q032Eng The major function of the villi in the small intestine is to help absorption. [Ans] T 3A120201Q033Eng The acid in the stomach provides a suitable pH level for digestion and also kills the bacteria in food. [Ans] T 3A120101Q034Eng Bile contains enzymes for emulsifying fats. [Ans] F 3A120101Q035Eng Food is pushed along the alimentary canal because of peristalsis. [Ans] T 12.6 The Fate of the Digested Food 3A120201Q036Eng Only nutrients can pass through the walls of the capillaries. [Ans] F 12.7 Our Circulatory System 3A120101Q037Eng (extension) Blood, blood vessels and the heart form the circulatory system. [Ans] T 3A120201Q038Eng (extension) Blood is composed of different kinds of liquids. [Ans] F 3A120101Q039Eng (extension) The three types of blood vessels in our body are arteries, veins and capillaries. [Ans] T 3A120201Q040Eng (extension) Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. [Ans] T 3A120101Q041Eng (extension) Our heart has two chambers: the atrium and ventricle. [Ans] F 3A120201Q042Eng (extension) Valves can be found in veins only. [Ans] F 3A120101Q043Eng (extension) The function of the valves is to pump blood to flow. [Ans] F 3 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120201Q044Eng (extension) A red blood cell enters and leaves the heart twice in a circulation cycle. [Ans] T 3A120201Q045Eng (extension) The blood in an artery always has a higher oxygen level than that in a vein. [Ans] F 3A120101Q046Eng The pulse rate is equal to the heartbeat rate normally. [Ans] T 3A120101Q047Eng (extension) Blood pressure is the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries by the blood. [Ans] T 3A120101Q048Eng (extension) Blood cells are produced in the heart. [Ans] F 3A120201Q049Eng (extension) Plasma is a mixture of water, proteins, glucose, minerals and waste. [Ans] T 12.8 How Fatty Foods Affect our Circulatory System 3A120201Q050Eng Salad is not a fatty food because it mainly contains vegetables and fruits. [Ans] F 3A120201Q051Eng Fatty foods are foods containing much meat. [Ans] F 3A120101Q052Eng Cholesterol can be made in our body. [Ans] T 3A120101Q053Eng Cholesterol is useless and is harmful to our body. [Ans] F 3A120101Q054Eng Cholesterol is important for making cell membrane and certain hormones. [Ans] T 3A120101Q055Eng The major bad effect of a high cholesterol level is the blocking of blood vessels. [Ans] T 12.9 Exercise and Health 3A120101Q056Eng Exercise is only good for our physical health. [Ans] F 3A120101Q057Eng Body Mass Index (BMI) is the only measure of our physical fitness. [Ans] F 3A120201Q058Eng A person who does exercise regularly usually has a lower heartbeat at rest and a larger vital capacity. [Ans] T 4 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120201Q059Eng The S-factors that determine physical fitness are strength, swiftness and skills. [Ans] F 12.10 Need for Rest 3A120101Q060Eng Sleeping is good for our physical health and mental health. [Ans] T Multiple Choice Circle the best answer for each question below. 12.1 Keeping our Body Healthy 3A120202Q001Eng Which of the following about our health is/are correct? (I) Too little or too much exercise are not good for our health. (II) We should have as much rest as possible to maintain our body health. (III) To be healthy, we should eat healthy food only. A. (III) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (I) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] C 3A120102Q002Eng To keep our body healthy, we should A. eat excessive food. B. do excessive exercise. C. lose excessive weight. D. have excessive rest. [Ans] C 3A120102Q003Eng Food is important because it (I) gives us energy. (II) supplies raw materials for our growth. (III) kills bacteria. A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] 12.2 B Food Substances 3A120102Q004Eng Which of the following food substances provide(s) energy to us under normal conditions? (I) Carbohydrates (II) Vitamins (III) Proteins A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] A 5 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120102Q005Eng Carbohydrates are mainly used in our body to A. repair the damaged part of our body. B. supply energy. C. build up muscles. D. build strong bones. [Ans] B 3A120202Q006Eng Which of the following is/are the major function(s) of fats in our body? (I) Providing energy (II) Making certain hormones (III) Making cell membranes A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] C 3A120102Q007Eng Which of the following is the function of dietary fibre? A. Stimulating the contraction of the intestine B. Providing energy C. Changing into fat for storage in our body D. Building up cell walls [Ans] A 3A120102Q008Eng (extension) Which of the following combinations is correct? Material used for a test Material to be tested A. Albustix paper Fats B. Clinistix paper Fats C. Albustix paper Glucose D. Clinistix paper Glucose [Ans] D 3A120102Q009Eng (extension) Which of the following combinations is correct? Material used for a test Positive result A. Albustix paper Yellow to green B. Clinistix paper Yellow to green C. Albustix paper Green to yellow D. Clinistix paper Green to yellow [Ans] A 3A120102Q010Eng If a person lacks vitamin D in his diet, he will suffer from A. scurvy. B. rickets. C. goitre. D. anaemia. [Ans] B 3A120102Q011Eng An anaemia patient has A. weak bones. B. weak gums. C. poor eyesight in dim light. D. insufficient red blood cells in the blood. [Ans] D 6 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 12.3 Balanced Diet 3A120102Q012Eng Which of the following is the unit of energy in food? A. kJ B. o C. nm D. g [Ans] C A 3A120102Q013Eng Which of the following food substances contains the greatest amount of energy per gram? A. Proteins B. Sugars C. Minerals D. Fats [Ans] D 3A120102Q014Eng Which of the following kinds of people needs the greatest amount of energy? A. Workers in an office B. Workers in a construction site C. Teachers D. Students [Ans] B 3A120102Q015Eng Which of the following is a correct example of a food pyramid from bottom to top? A. Fats dairy products vegetables grain products B. Fats dairy products grain products vegetables C. Grain products vegetables dairy products fats D. Vegetables grain products dairy products fats [Ans] C 3A120102Q016Eng Which level should “salt and sweets” be put in the food pyramid? A. Level one (the bottom) B. Level two C. Level three D. Level four (the top) [Ans] D 3A120202Q017Eng Beans contain a lot of carbohydrates and proteins. In which level should they be put in the food pyramid? A. Level one (the bottom) B. Level two C. Level three D. Level four (the top) [Ans] C 3A120102Q018Eng Frank enjoys eating very much and he has five big meals a day. Which of the following problems will he probably have? A. Anorexia B. Anaemia C. Starvation D. Obesity [Ans] D 7 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120102Q019Eng Which of the following is NOT a factor determining the energy requirement of a person? A. Age B. Sex C. Occupation D. Type of diet [Ans] 12.4 D Natural Food and Processed Food 3A120102Q020Eng (extension) Which of the following is/are food additive(s)? (I) Preservatives (II) Colourings (III) Natural vitamins A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] D 3A120202Q021Eng Which of the following is/are the function(s) of food additives? (I) Preventing food from going bad quickly (II) Enhancing the colour of food (III) Enhancing the taste of food A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] D 3A120102Q022Eng (extension) Which of the following foods is a natural food? A. Potato chips B. Canned pork C. Raw peanuts D. Smoked salmon [Ans] C 3A120102Q023Eng (extension) Which of the following is a commonly used food preservative? A. Ascorbic acid B. Silver nitrate C. Sodium nitrite D. Water [Ans] C 3A120102Q024Eng (extension) Which of the following is a common example of food colourings? A. Carotene B. Salt C. MSG D. Sorbic acid [Ans] A 3A120102Q025Eng (extension) Which of the following is/are food flavouring(s)? (I) Caramel (II) Sugar (III) Salt 8 Question Bank (Ch. 12) A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] C 12.5& 12.6 How Food is Digested and Absorbed in our Body & The Fate of the Digested Food 3A120202Q026Eng Which of the following is the reason that food has to be digested in our body? A. Raw foods are toxic to us. B. Only simple and soluble food substances can be absorbed in our body. C. We have to kill the micro-organisms in food. D. Digested food contains more nutrients for us. [Ans] B 3A120102Q027Eng Which of the following processes occurs in our mouth? A. Digestion of proteins into amino acids B. Digestion of glucose into maltose C. Digestion of starch into glucose D. Digestion of starch into maltose [Ans] D 3A120202Q028Eng Which of the following substances is/are digested in the small intestine? (I) Vitamins (II) Proteins (III) Fats A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] C 3A120102Q029Eng Which of the following is NOT a secretion in our digestive system? A. Vitamins B. Bile C. Saliva D. Pancreatic juice [Ans] A 3A120102Q030Eng Which of the following food substances is/are absorbed in our large intestine? (I) Water (II) Maltose (III) Faeces A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] A 3A120102Q031Eng Which of the following is the name of the process of taking food into our mouth? A. Ingestion B. Digestion C. Absorption D. Egestion [Ans] A 9 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120202Q032Eng (extension) The crown of a tooth refers to A. the outermost layer of a tooth. B. the innermost layer of a tooth. C. the hardest substance in the tooth. D. the part of the tooth above the gum. [Ans] D 3A120102Q033Eng (extension) Tooth decay occurs because A. the bacteria on the tooth surface digest the tooth. B. the bacteria in our mouth act on the sugar and starch in the food to produce an acid. C. the sugar we eat reacts with the tooth. D. the salt we eat reacts with the enamel. [Ans] B 3A120102Q034Eng (extension) Tooth decay and periodontal disease can be prevented by A. using a plaque indicator. B. eating less salt. C. adding MSG to our food. D. using dental floss. [Ans] D 3A120202Q035Eng Which of the following structures can be found in the small intestine? A. Salivary gland B. Villi C. Enzyme D. Digestive juices [Ans] B 3A120102Q036Eng Which of the following is a feature of the villi in the small intestine to help absorption? A. They have very small holes. B. They have a very thin lining. C. They have a very small surface area. D. They have very strong muscles. [Ans] B 3A120202Q037Eng The villi in the small intestine help absorption because (I) they have a thin wall. (II) they have many small blood vessels. (III) they decrease the surface area for absorption. A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] B 3A120202Q038Eng Which of the following substances can enter the small blood vessels inside the villi? (I) Carbon dioxide (II) Nutrients (III) Other wastes A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] D 10 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 12.7 Our Circulatory System 3A120102Q039Eng (extension) Which of the following does NOT include in our circulatory system? A. The lungs B. The blood C. The arteries D. The heart [Ans] A 3A120102Q040Eng (extension) Our blood is composed of A. plasma and body cells. B. plasma and blood cells. C. water and body cells. D. water and blood cells. [Ans] B 3A120102Q041Eng (extension) Which of the following types of cells is NOT a kind of blood cell? A. Red blood cell B. White blood cell C. Platelet D. Marrow cell [Ans] D 3A120202Q042Eng (extension) The wall of an artery is A. not elastic. B. thinner than that of a vein. C. thicker than that of a capillary. D. one-cell thick. [Ans] C 3A120102Q043Eng (extension) How many chambers can be found in the human heart? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 [Ans] D 3A120102Q044Eng (extension) How many ventricles can be found in the human heart? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 [Ans] B 3A120202Q045Eng (extension) Which of the following is the reason that our blood circulation is called double circulation? A. We have two atria and two ventricles. B. We have two valves in the heart. C. Blood passes through the two lungs twice in one complete circulation. D. Blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circulation. [Ans] D 3A120102Q046Eng (extension) In our circulation system which has double circulation, the heartbeat rate is A. equal to the pulse rate. B. higher than the pulse rate. C. lower than the pulse rate. D. double of the pulse rate. [Ans] A 11 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120202Q047Eng (extension) Blood pressure is A. the pressure exerted on the blood by muscles. B. the pressure exerted on the blood by gravity. C. the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries. D. the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the capillaries. [Ans] C 3A120202Q048Eng (extension) Which of the following equipment is/are needed to measure our blood pressure? (I) Barometer (II) Sphygmomanometer (III) Stethoscope A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] 12.8 C How Fatty Foods Affect our Circulatory System 3A120102Q049Eng Which of the following contains a high level of cholesterol? A. A banana B. A pig’s liver C. Rice D. Skimmed milk [Ans] B 3A120202Q050Eng If there is too much cholesterol in the blood, A. it may deposit on the inner walls of the arteries. B. it may deposit on the brain cells. C. it may deposit on the liver. D. it may deposit on the inner walls of the heart. [Ans] A 3A120202Q051Eng Which of the following foods has the highest cholesterol level? A. Fatty pork B. Egg yolk C. Butter D. A pig’s liver [Ans] D 3A120102Q052Eng If the arteries in the brain are blocked by cholesterol, which of the following diseases may be resulted? A. Coronary heart disease B. A stroke C. Obesity D. Suffocation [Ans] B 3A120102Q053Eng (extension) Which of the following fatty foods can lower the total blood cholesterol level? A. Corn oil B. Fatty pork C. Butter D. Palm oil [Ans] A 12 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 12.9 Exercise and Health 3A120202Q054Eng Apart from having a balanced diet, we can keep our body fit by A. having 5 small meals instead of 3 main meals every day. B. sleeping for 4 hours twice a day instead of sleeping for 8 hours once a day. C. doing moderate exercise every day instead of vigorous exercise once a week. D. studying at night instead of studying in the afternoon. [Ans] C 3A120102Q055Eng If we take part in sports involving teamwork regularly, we can (I) build up a good relationship with our friends. (II) keep our body healthy. (III) release our stress. A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] D 3A120102Q056Eng Tom’s BMI is 25. He is said to be A. obese. B. heavy. C. normal. D. underweight. [Ans] A 3A120202Q057Eng Which of the following are the common indicators of physical fitness? (I) BMI (II) Heartbeat rate (III) Breathing rate (IV) Vital capacity A. (I), (II) and (III) only B. (I), (II) and (IV) only C. (I), (III) and (IV) only D. (II), (III) and (IV) only [Ans] B 3A120202Q058Eng The vital capacity of the lungs is A. the minimum volume of air that is breathed out normally. B. the average volume of air breathed out normally. C. the maximum volume of air that can be breathed out after a deep breath. D. the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a deep breath. [Ans] C 3A120202Q059Eng Which of the following are the S-factors? (I) Strength (II) Swiftness (III) Suppleness (IV) Stamina A. (I), (II) and (III) only B. (I), (II) and (IV) only C. (I), (III) and (IV) only D. (II), (III) and (IV) only [Ans] C 13 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 12.10 Need for Rest 3A120102Q060Eng We can take a rest by (I) sleeping. (II) reading a fiction. (III) listening to music. A. (I) only B. (I) and (II) only C. (II) and (III) only D. (I), (II) and (III) [Ans] D Fill in the Blanks 12.1&12.2 Keeping our Body Healthy & Food Substances 3A120103Q001Eng A healthy person eats (a)________________ food, does (b)________________ exercise and has (c)________________ rest. [Ans] (a) proper (b) regular (c) enough (or other reasonable answers) 3A120103Q002Eng Food provides us with raw materials for (a)________________ and (b)________________ of body tissues. [Ans] (a) growth (b) repair 3A120103Q003Eng Food contains substances which provide ________________ for use in our activities. [Ans] energy 3A120103Q004Eng There are seven major types of food substances. They are carbohydrates, (a)________________ , proteins, (b)________________ , minerals, (c)________________ and water. [Ans] (a) fats (b) vitamins (c) dietary fibre 3A120103Q005Eng (extension) We can use filter paper to test oil. The positive result is a ________________ on the paper. [Ans] permanent translucent spot 3A120103Q006Eng (extension) When a drop of protein solution is added on albustix paper, the colour of the paper changes from (a)________________ to (b)________________ . [Ans] (a) yellow (b) green 3A120203Q007Eng If a person eats very little dietary fibre every day, the movement of the contents inside the intestine becomes very (a)________________ . The person will probably suffer from (b)________________ . If this situation lasts for many years, the risk of having (c)________________ cancer increases. [Ans] (a) slow (b) constipation (c) colon 3A120203Q008Eng Vitamin (a)________________ and the mineral (b)________________ are important for bone formation. Lacking them results in the disease called (c)________________ , which is characterised by (d)________________ bones. [Ans] (a) D (b) calcium (c) rickets (d) weak 3A120103Q009Eng Besides providing energy, food also provides ________________ for growth and repair of body tissues. [Ans] raw materials / materials 3A120103Q010Eng The seven main types of food substances are (a)________________ , proteins, (b)________________ , vitamins, (c)________________ , dietary fibre, and (d)________________ . [Ans] (a) carbohydrates (b) fats (c) minerals (d) water 14 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 12.3 Balanced Diet 3A120103Q011Eng A balance diet includes different types of food substances in right (a)________________ and (b)________________ . [Ans] (a) proportions (b) quantities 3A120203Q012Eng To design a balanced diet for a person, we should consider the (a)________________ , (b)________________ and (c)________________ of the person. On average, young people need (d)________________ energy than old people because young people usually have (e)________________ physical activities. [Ans] (a) age (b) sex (c) occupation (d) more (e) more 3A120203Q013Eng Although a child needs less food than an adult, he/she needs a higher proportion of (a)________________ in the diet for (b)________________ . [Ans] (a) proteins (b) growth 3A120203Q014Eng (a)________________ means that a person is 30% over the standard body weight. It is due to the intake of too much food with a high (b)________________ content. The excess food is stored as (c)________________ in the body. [Ans] (a) Obesity (b) energy (c) fat 3A120203Q015Eng Some people eat too little because they want to be very slim. As a result, their (a)________________ drops greatly and their internal organs may be (b)________________ . Such problem is called (c)________________ . [Ans] (a) weight (b) damaged (c) anorexia 3A120103Q016Eng Most of the foods at the top of the food pyramid have a high (a)________________ content. Examples are (b)________________ and (c)________________ . [Ans] (a) energy (b) oil (or other reasonable answer) (c) butter (or other reasonable answer) 3A120103Q017Eng The second highest level of the food pyramid includes foods that are rich in (a)________________ , (b)________________ and minerals. Examples are (c)________________ , (d)________________ and (e)________________ . [Ans] answer) (a) proteins (b) vitamins (c) milk (or other reasonable answer) (d) pork (or other reasonable (e) fish (or other reasonable answer) 3A120103Q018Eng Vegetables and fruits are put at the (a)________________ level from the top of the food pyramid. They are rich in (b)________________ , (c)________________ and vitamins. [Ans] (a) third (b) dietary fibre (c) minerals 3A120103Q019Eng The bottom of the food pyramid includes (a)________________ products. Their major food substances are (b)________________ . [Ans] (a) grain (b) carbohydrates 3A120103Q020Eng A healthy and balanced diet should contain less foods at the (a)________________ of the food pyramid and more foods at the (b)________________ . Besides, enough (c)________________ should be drunk every day. [Ans] 12.4 (a) top (b) bottom (c) water Natural Food and Processed Food 3A120103Q021Eng (extension) The three main types of food additives are food (a)________________ , food (b)________________ and food (c)________________ . [Ans] (a) preservatives (b) colourings (c) flavourings 15 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120103Q022Eng (extension) Food preservatives suppress the activities of (a)________________ in food. Examples of preservatives are (b)________________ , (c)________________ and (d)________________ . [Ans] (a) micro-organisms (b) vinegar (c) sugar (d) salt 3A120203Q023Eng (extension) As (a)________________ food colourings usually cannot stand at a high temperature, (b)________________ food colourings are often used. [Ans] (a) natural (b) artificial 3A120103Q024Eng (extension) Food colourings and flavourings are added to enhance the original (a)________________ and (b)________________ of food. [Ans] 12.5 (a) colours (b) flavours How Food is Digested and Absorbed in our Body 3A120103Q025Eng During digestion, food is broken down into (a)________________ and (b)________________ forms. [Ans] (a) simpler (b) soluble 3A120103Q026Eng (extension) (a)________________ forms the main part of a tooth. It is attached to the jawbone by (b)________________ . [Ans] (a) Dentine (b) cement 3A120103Q027Eng Our digestive system is composed of the (a)________________ which is a long tube and many associated (b)________________ . [Ans] (a) alimentary canal (b) glands 3A120203Q028Eng The digestion of starch, fats and proteins begins in our (a)________________ , (b)________________ and (c)________________ respectively. [Ans] (a) mouth (b) small intestine (c) stomach 3A120103Q029Eng The four types of teeth in our mouth are (a)________________ , (b)________________ , (c)________________ and (d)________________ . [Ans] (a) incisor (b) canine (c) premolar (d) molar 3A120103Q030Eng (extension) The outermost layer of the crown of our teeth is called (a)________________ . It is the (b)________________est substance in our body. [Ans] (a) enamel (b) hard 3A120103Q031Eng (extension) In a tooth, the part above the gum is called the (a)________________ , and the part inside the jawbone is called the (b)________________ . [Ans] (a) crown (b) root 3A120103Q032Eng (extension) Blood vessels and nerves are found inside the ________________ of a tooth. [Ans] pulp cavity 3A120103Q033Eng (extension) (a)________________ and (b)________________ are the two most common oral problems in Hong Kong. [Ans] (a) Tooth decay (b) periodontal disease 3A120203Q034Eng Saliva contains an (a)________________ that can digest starch. It also moistens and (b)________________ the food. [Ans] (a) enzyme (b) lubricates 16 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120203Q035Eng Bile is produced in the (a)________________ and stored for some time in the (b)________________ . It can emulsify fats into smaller (c)________________ . [Ans] (a) liver (b) gall bladder (c) oil droplets 3A120103Q036Eng Digested food passes through the (a)________________ of the small intestine and goes into the (b)________________ . This process is called (c)________________ . [Ans] (a) wall (b) blood (c) absorption 3A120103Q037Eng In the alimentary canal, there are millions of finger-like projections on the inner wall of the (a)________________ . They are called (b)________________ . [Ans] (a) small intestine (b) villi 3A120103Q038Eng In the small intestine, the villi increase the (a)________________ for absorption. Absorption takes place quickly because the villi have a very thin (b)________________ . [Ans] (a) surface area (b) lining 12.6 The Fate of the Digested Food 3A120103Q039Eng After absorption, digested food is transported all over the body through ________________ . [Ans] blood vessels 3A120203Q040Eng (a)________________ and (b)________________ pass through the wall of the blood vessels from the blood into the body cells while (c)________________ and (d)________________ move in the opposite direction. [Ans] 12.7 (a) Nutrients (b) oxygen (c) carbon dioxide (d) other wastes Our Circulatory System 3A120103Q041Eng (extension) The system for transporting materials inside the body is called (a)________________ system. It consists of blood, (b)________________ and the (c)________________ . [Ans] (a) circulatory (b) blood vessels (c) heart 3A120103Q042Eng (extension) The (a)________________ acts as a pump. It pumps (b)________________ throughout the body. [Ans] (a) heart (b) blood 3A120103Q043Eng (extension) The blood contains three different types of blood (a)________________ in a liquid called (b)________________ . [Ans] (a) cells (b) plasma 3A120103Q044Eng (extension) The three different kinds of blood cells are (a)________________ , (b)________________ and (c)________________ . [Ans] (a) red blood cells (b) white blood cells (c) platelets 3A120203Q045Eng (extension) The (a)________________ carry blood away from the heart while the (b)________________ carry blood towards the heart. They are connected by very small blood vessels called (c)________________ . [Ans] (a) arteries (b) veins (c) capillaries 3A120103Q046Eng (extension) The wall of an artery is (a)________________er and more (b)________________ than that of a vein. [Ans] (a) thick (b) elastic 17 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120203Q047Eng (extension) Among the three types of blood vessels, exchange of materials between blood and body cells occurs at the (a)________________ only because of the very (b)________________ wall which is (c)________________ thick. [Ans] (a) capillaries (b) thin (c) one-cell 3A120103Q048Eng (extension) The upper and lower chambers of the heart are called the (a)________________ and (b)________________ respectively. [Ans] (a) atria (b) ventricles 3A120203Q049Eng (extension) In the heart, the (a)________________ receive blood from different parts of the body while the (b)________________ pump blood to different parts of the body. [Ans] (a) atria (b) ventricles 3A120103Q050Eng (extension) The blood circulation in our body is called double (a)________________ because blood flows in and out of the (b)________________ twice in one complete circulation. [Ans] (a) circulation (b) heart 3A120203Q051Eng (extension) The heart muscles (a)________________ and (b)________________ alternately and give the heartbeat. The wave of pressure formed along the arteries is called the (c)________________ . [Ans] 12.8 (a) contract (b) relax (c) pulse How Fatty Foods Affect our Circulatory System 3A120203Q052Eng Cholesterol is necessary for making cell (a)________________ , certain (b)________________ and vitamin (c)________________ . It is often found in (d)________________ foods. [Ans] (a) membranes (b) hormones (c) D (d) fatty 3A120203Q053Eng Cholesterol can deposit on the (a)________________ walls of arteries. This (b)________________ down the arteries and can cause (c)________________ blood pressure. [Ans] (a) inner (b) narrows (c) high 3A120203Q054Eng The arteries may be blocked by continuous deposition of (a)________________ . If this happens in coronary arteries, (b)________________ disease may occur. If this happens in the brain, a (c)________________ may be resulted. [Ans] 12.9 (a) cholesterol (b) coronary heart (c) stroke Exercise and Health 3A120103Q055Eng The common indicators of physical fitness include the (a)________________ index, (b)________________ rate and (c)________________ of the lungs. [Ans] (a) body mass (b) pulse (c) vital capacity 3A120203Q056Eng To pump blood around the body, a weak heart needs to beat (a)________________ than a strong heart. This leads to a (b)________________ pulse rate. [Ans] (a) faster (b) higher 3A120103Q057Eng A (a)________________ vital capacity of the (b)________________ usually shows that a person has more exercise regularly and is fitter. [Ans] (a) large (b) lungs 3A120103Q058Eng The S-factors that determine our physical fitness are (a)________________ , (b)________________ and (c)________________ . [Ans] (a) strength (b) suppleness (c) stamina 18 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 12.10 Need for Rest 3A120103Q059Eng During rest, (a)________________ substances in our body can be removed and (b)________________ can be built up. [Ans] (a) toxic (b) food reserves 3A120103Q060Eng Besides sleeping, we can take a rest by doing ________________ activities. [Ans] leisurely Short Questions 12.1&12.2 Keeping our Body Healthy & Food Substances 3A120104Q001Eng In some developing countries, many children suffer from a disease because of the shortage of proteins in their diet. (a) What is this disease? ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) What are the common symptoms of this disease? ___________________________________________________________________________ (c) If you are a volunteer, what kind of crop would you teach the people there to grow? Explain your answer. ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Kwashiorkor (b) Weak muscles and swollen abdomens (c) Beans, because they are rich in proteins. 3A120104Q002Eng (a) What is the deficiency disease in iron? Why? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Suggest TWO foods which contain high levels of iron. ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Anaemia, because the red blood cells produced are not enough. (b) Red meat, liver, spinach (any two of them) 3A120104Q003Eng (a) Besides water, list the THREE other types of food substances that do not supply energy to us. ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Why are these food substances important to us though they do not supply energy to us? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre (b) Vitamins and minerals are important for keeping us healthy. Dietary fibre helps the contents of the intestine to move forwards. 3A120204Q004Eng There was a traditional saying ‘one tooth for one child’. It meant that a woman would lose one tooth each time when she was pregnant. (a) Calcium is an important food supplement for pregnant women nowadays. Based on this, try to explain why women would lose their teeth during pregnancy in the past. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Besides calcium, name another food supplement that can help women avoid losing their teeth during pregnancy nowadays. Why is this food supplement useful? ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Extra calcium is required for the growth of bones of the foetus. (b) Vitamin D. It helps to keep bones and teeth strong. 19 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120204Q005Eng ‘A food substance is useful only if you can absorb it.’ (a) Explain why the above statement is INCORRECT. You can give a kind of food substance to support your answer. ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Briefly explain why the food substance you mentioned in (a) is important. What disease may occur if this food substance is deficient? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Dietary fibre cannot be absorbed but is a useful food substance. (b) Dietary fibre is helpful in the movement of the contents in the intestine. Constipation may occur if this food substance is deficient. 3A120104Q006Eng (extension) How can we test for the presence of the following food substances in a solution? (a) Glucose ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Proteins ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (c) Fats ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Add a drop of the solution to clinistix paper. Glucose turns it from pink to purple. (b) Add a drop of the solution to albustix paper. Proteins turn it from yellow to green. (c) Add a drop of the solution to a piece of filter paper and let it dry. Fats leave a permanent translucent spot on the filter paper. 12.3 Balanced Diet 3A120104Q007Eng (a) State THREE factors that affect the energy requirement of a person. ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Why does a woman need more energy when she is pregnant? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Age, sex, occupation, amount of physical activities (Any three of them) (b) Because she has to provide energy for the foetus. 3A120204Q008Eng Mary thinks that the higher the level in the food pyramid, the higher the energy contents of the foods. (a) Explain why Mary’s idea is wrong by using an example of a food at the top level of the food pyramid. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Explain why Mary’s idea is wrong by comparing the two lowest levels of the food pyramid. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Salt is at the top level of the food pyramid but it does not provide energy to us. (b) Grain products generally have higher energy contents than vegetables and fruits. 3A120104Q009Eng Look at the foods shown in the following diagram. 20 Question Bank (Ch. 12) (a) Which of the foods should be placed at the bottom level of the food pyramid? ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Which of the foods should be put at the second level from the top of the food pyramid? ___________________________________________________________________________ (c) In which level of the food pyramid should we put the rest of the foods? ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Bread and rice (b) Chicken, meat and fish (c) The second level from the bottom / the third level from the top 3A120104Q010Eng (a) Over-eating can lead to obesity. Give TWO diseases that can be caused by obesity. ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Under-eating can lead to anorexia. Explain why it is harmful to the body in such a condition. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Heart diseases and diabetes (b) The internal organs may be damaged. 12.4 Natural Food and Processed Food 3A120104Q011Eng (a) Vitamin A is added to some foods during processing. Is it a kind of food additive? Why? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Why is vitamin A added to those foods? ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Yes, because it is a chemical added to the foods by the manufacturers. (b) Vitamin A is helpful to our vision. 3A120104Q012Eng (a) What is natural food? ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) State TWO reasons why we need processed foods. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Food that does not contain any food additives (b) Food preservatives can prevent food from going bad. Supplements like vitamins and minerals can keep us healthy. (any two reasonable answers) 3A120204Q013Eng (extension) Salt trading was controlled by the government in ancient China. Let us analyse why salt was so important in ancient China. (a) Ancient people had a less variety of flavourings than us, so salt was very important. Apart from being a kind of flavouring, state another use of salt in treating food. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) State ONE reason why salt was so important in ancient China in terms of your answer in (a). ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) It is a kind of preservative that can prevent food from going bad. (b) There were no refrigerators in ancient China. People depended very much on salt for food preservation. 21 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120204Q014Eng Pork is a natural food while canned luncheon meat is a processed food. (a) State TWO reasons why it is healthier to eat pork instead of luncheon meat. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) State TWO reasons why luncheon meat is made although it is healthier to eat pork. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Most of the nutrients are retained. It contains no food additives which may have undesirable side-effects. (b) It can be kept for a long period of time. / It looks more attractive. / It is tastier. (Any two of them) 3A120104Q015Eng (extension) Explain why the following food additives can preserve food. (a) Sugar ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Vinegar ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) It removes water from the cells of micro-organisms and thus inhibits their growth. (b) It maintains an acidic environment to prevent the growth of micro-organisms. 12.5 How Food is Digested and Absorbed in our Body 3A120204Q016Eng (a) State THREE organs that belong to the digestive system but NOT the alimentary canal. ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) What are the major functions of the organs stated in (a) concerned with digestion? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Salivary gland, liver, pancreas, gall bladder (Any three of them) (b) They secrete or store substances that are helpful in digestion. 3A120104Q017Eng (a) Where do the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats start in the alimentary canal respectively? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Why is digestion necessary for these three kinds of food substances? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) The digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats start in the mouth, stomach and small intestine respectively. (b) They need to be broken down into simple and soluble forms for absorption. 3A120104Q018Eng Look at the teeth shown in the diagram below: C A D B (a) Name teeth A, B, C and D. ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Which TWO kinds of teeth are used for grinding food? Write the letters to represent your answers. ___________________________________________________________________________ 22 Question Bank (Ch. 12) (c) Which tooth is used for tearing flesh? Write the letter to represent your answer. ___________________________________________________________________________ (d) Which tooth is used for biting and cutting food? Write the letter to represent your answer. ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) A: premolar (b) A and D (c) B (d) C B: canine C: incisor D: molar 3A120204Q019Eng (extension) The following diagrams show the different stages of an oral problem: (a) What is the oral problem called? ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) The above change is caused by a chemical. What is this chemical called? ___________________________________________________________________________ (c) The above chemical is produced by some living things. What are these living things called? ___________________________________________________________________________ (d) Why do these living things produce the chemical that causes the change in the tooth? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Tooth decay (b) Acid (c) Bacteria (d) Bacteria act on the sugar and starch in the food to produce an acid. 3A120104Q020Eng (extension) The following diagrams show the different stages of an oral problem: A (a) What is A? ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) In what direction does A spread? ___________________________________________________________________________ (c) Why may the tooth fall out eventually? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Calculus (b) A spreads downwards. (c) Bacteria can destroy the fibres that hold the roots of the tooth in the jawbone. Therefore, the tooth become loose and may fall out. 3A120104Q021Eng (a) Where does absorption of digested food mainly occur in our body? ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) What specific structures in (a) facilitate absorption? ___________________________________________________________________________ (c) Give TWO reasons why the structures mentioned in (b) facilitate absorption. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 23 Question Bank (Ch. 12) [Ans] (a) Small intestine (b) Villi (c) They greatly increase the surface area of the inner wall of the small intestine for absorption. Their lining is very thin and digested food can pass through it quickly into the blood. 3A120104Q022Eng The following diagram shows part of the human digestive system. A C D B (a) Name structures A, B, C and D. ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) In the following questions, write the letters to represent your answers. (i) Which structure secretes bile? _____________________________________________________________________ (ii) Which structure stores bile? _____________________________________________________________________ (iii) Which structure secretes pancreatic juice? _____________________________________________________________________ (iv) Which structure secretes an acid? _____________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) A: liver (b) (i) A B: gall bladder C: stomach D: pancreas (ii) B (iii) D (iv) C 12.6 The Fate of the Digested Food 3A120104Q023Eng The following diagram shows the exchange of materials between the blood and the body cells. flow A capillary red blood cell flow B body cell (a) Name TWO substances that are present in flow A. ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Name TWO substances that are present in flow B. ___________________________________________________________________________ (c) What is the function of red blood cells in the exchange of materials between the blood and the body cells? ___________________________________________________________________________ (d) Why can the capillary facilitate the exchange of materials between the blood and the body cells? ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Carbon dioxide and other wastes (b) Oxygen and nutrients (c) They carry oxygen from the lungs. (d) The capillary has a thin wall which is one-cell thick. 24 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 12.7 Our Circulatory System 3A120104Q024Eng (extension) Answer the following questions about the transport of absorbed food. (a) What carries absorbed food to different parts of the body? ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) What does absorbed food pass through before reaching different parts of the body? ___________________________________________________________________________ (c) A driving force is needed for transporting food to different parts of the body. Where does this driving force come from? ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) The blood (b) Blood vessels (c) The pumping force of the heart 3A120204Q025Eng (extension) Answer the following questions about blood circulation. (a) After leaving the heart, blood goes through three types of blood vessels before returning to the heart. List these THREE types of blood vessels in the order that the blood passes through. ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) After leaving the right ventricle of the heart, blood goes through the three other chambers of the heart before returning to the right ventricle. List these THREE chambers in the order that the blood passes through. ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Arteries, capillaries, veins (b) Left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium 3A120104Q026Eng (extension) Answer the following questions about blood circulation. (a) (b) State where the blood reaching the atria come from. (i) Right atrium: ___________________________________________________________ (ii) Left atrium: ____________________________________________________________ State the destinations of the blood that leaves the ventricles. (i) Right ventricle: _________________________________________________________ (ii) Left ventricle: __________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) (i) All parts of the body except the lungs (ii) The lungs (b) (i) The lungs (ii) All parts of the body except the lungs 3A120204Q027Eng (extension) Imagine you were a red blood cell that is entering a capillary in the brain. (a) What would you do inside the capillary in the brain? ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Name the first organ that you would go to after leaving the brain. ___________________________________________________________________________ (c) Name the second organ that you would go to after leaving the brain. Why would you go there? ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) To release oxygen (b) The heart (c) The lungs; to absorb oxygen 25 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120104Q028Eng (extension) The following two diagrams show two blood vessels. blood vessel A (a) blood vessel B Which one is likely to be an artery and which one is likely to be a vein? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Explain your answer in (a). ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (c) What is the difference in function between an artery and a vein? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) B is likely to be an artery and A is likely to be a vein. (b) The walls of arteries are generally thicker than those of veins. (c) An artery carries blood away from the heart while a vein carries blood towards the heart. 12.8 How Fatty Foods Affect our Circulatory System 3A120104Q029Eng The following diagrams show the changes inside an artery over 10 years in a person who likes eating fatty foods very much. (a) What is deposited on the inner wall of the artery gradually? ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) (c) What disease will be caused if the artery is: (i) a coronary artery: _______________________________________________________ (ii) an artery in the brain: ____________________________________________________ What will happen to the blood pressure because of the deposit of this substance in the arteries? ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Cholesterol (b) (i) Coronary heart disease (ii) A stroke (c) 12.9 High blood pressure will occur. Exercise and Health 3A120104Q030Eng (a) Why is the pulse rate the same as the heartbeat? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) How does the pulse rate reflect the fitness of a person? Explain your answer. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) This is because both of them are caused by the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles. (b) A fit person usually has a slow pulse rate because the heart only needs to beat slowly to pump blood around the body. 3A120204Q031Eng (a) Suggest THREE advantages of doing exercise regularly. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 26 Question Bank (Ch. 12) (b) In terms of the three common indicators of physical fitness, state the conditions that we consider a person physically fit. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Avoids being overweight Strengthens the muscles, heart and lungs Releases stress Enhances the relationship with friends (Any three of them) (b) The body mass index (BMI) is within the normal range (18.5 – 22.9). The pulse rate is relatively low. / The time for the pulse rate to return to the resting rate after exercise is relatively short. The vital capacity of the lungs is relatively large. 3A120204Q032Eng (a) What are the THREE S-factors that can be used to determine the fitness of a person? ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Why can regular exercise improve each of the three S-factors? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Strength, suppleness and stamina (b) To train our muscles to be more powerful (to increase the strength). To strengthen our heart muscles and increase the vital capacity of our lungs (to enhance the stamina). To allow us to bend and stretch our body more easily (to improve the suppleness). 12.10 Need for Rest 3A120104Q033Eng (a) Give THREE reasons why having enough rest is important to us. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) David is very nervous because final examination is coming. He studies for 12 hours a day. Apart from taking more rest, what advice would you give him? Why? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Having enough rest allows us to: remove toxic substances from our body; build up food reserves needed in our body cells; recover mentally. (b) He should do some exercise because exercise can help him release the stress. (Or other reasonable answer.) Long Questions 12.1 Keeping our Body Healthy 3A120105Q001Eng Peter is an S3 student. He plays badminton for 3 hours every day after school. He trains himself very hard because he is very eager to be the champion in a badminton competition. After training every time, he is very hungry and thirsty, so he always has chicken wings, potato chips and a large cup of soft drink as snacks. Because of this, he eats very little in dinner. After dinner, he does his homework and browses the Internet till midnight. (a) State THREE ways that Peter’s life is NOT healthy. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (b) What changes should he make in his habits to have a healthy life? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 27 Question Bank (Ch. 12) (c) In which TWO other areas should he change to be a healthy person? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) He does too much exercise. His diet is not balanced. He does not have enough rest. (b) He should reduce the time of training in badminton. He should eat more grain products, vegetables and fruit. He should go to bed earlier. (c) He should reduce the stress caused by the eagerness to be the champion in the badminton competition. He should participate in social activities to make friends. 12.2 Food Substances 3A120105Q002Eng (extension) The doctor suspected Mr. Lam to be suffering from diabetes or a kidney disease. He asked the nurse to collect a urine sample from Mr. Lam and performed two tests. The nurse put two paper strips with a pink tip and a yellow tip respectively into the urine sample. (a) What was the paper strip with a pink tip? What was it used for? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (b) What was the paper strip with a yellow tip? What was it used for? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (c) After the tests, the colour of paper with a yellow tip remained unchanged while the colour of that with a pink tip changed to purple. What were the conclusions of the tests? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (d) What disease does Mr. Lam suffer from? __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Clinistix paper. It is used for detecting the presence of glucose in a solution. (b) Albustix paper. It is used for detecting the presence of proteins in a solution. (c) Proteins were absent but glucose was present in the urine sample. (d) Diabetes 12.3 Balanced Diet 3A120105Q003Eng Study the following chart and answer the questions below. Energy requirement (kJ/day) Person (a) The four persons include a male office worker, a female office worker, a male construction site worker and a pregnant housewife. Identify who A, B, C, and D are. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (b) Which of them requires most energy per day? Why? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 28 Question Bank (Ch. 12) (c) Describe the energy requirement of the pregnant housewife. Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Why are high levels of proteins, vitamin D and calcium suggested to be included in the diet of the pregnant housewife? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) A: female office worker B: male construction site worker C: male office worker D: pregnant housewife (b) The male construction site worker. This is because the physical work at a construction site consumes more energy than the work in the office or at home. (c) Her energy requirement is relatively high because both the mother and the foetus need energy. (d) Proteins are important for the development of the tissues and organs of the foetus. Vitamin D and calcium are important for the development of bones of the foetus. 3A120105Q004Eng The following chart shows the energy requirements of four persons. Energy requirement (kJ/day) Person (a) The four persons include a baby, an 18-year old student, an office worker and a retired person. Try to identify their names. __________________________________________________________________________ (b) Explain how you identify the names of these four persons. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (c) Howard is a professional football player. How is his energy requirement in comparison with these four persons? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Richard is a 5-year old boy. How is his energy requirement in comparison with these four persons? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Baby: Kevin; 18-year old student: David; Office worker: Ben; Retired person: Joe (b) The baby is Kevin because his body size is small and he has the lowest energy requirement. The 18-year old student is Kevin because a young man is active and has the highest energy requirement. The office worker is Ben because he is more active and has a higher energy requirement than Joe, the retired person. (c) Howard’s energy requirement is higher than all four persons because he consumes more energy during his training and matches. (d) Richard’s energy requirement is higher than Kevin because a child is larger in body size than a baby. Richard’s energy requirement is lower than the other three persons because a child is smaller in body size than adults. 29 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120205Q005Eng Observe the following food label of a canned food. (a) Net weight 200 g Proteins 36 g Fats 14 g Carbohydrates 0.5 g Vitamin A 0.8 mg Vitamin D 0.7 mg Calcium 25 mg Iron 0.1 mg Iodine 12 mg Expiry date 15 Jun 2011 Do you think the can contains fish or beans? Give TWO reasons to support your answer. __________________________________________________________________________ (b) If the canned food is beef, state TWO differences that can be found in the food label. __________________________________________________________________________ (c) Calculate the total energy content of the canned food using the following data. Show your calculation. Food substance Carbohydrates Proteins Fats 17 18 39 Energy value (kJ/g) __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Is the energy value of the canned food higher than that of a can of beef which is 780 kJ per 100 g? Why? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (e) Why is the total weight of the food substances indicated on the label less than the net weight? __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Fish. This is because there are very little carbohydrates and a lot of iodine. (b) If the canned food is beef, it should contain more iron and less or no iodine. (c) Total energy content = 36 18 + 14 39 + 0.5 17 = 1 202.5 kJ (d) The energy value of the canned food is lower than that of a can of beef. This is because the energy value of the canned food is only 1 202.5 / 2 = 601.25 kJ per 100 g (e) This is because the weight of water is not indicated. 3A120205Q006Eng Observe the following two food labels. They are taken from a pack of dried beef and a pack of raisins (dried grapes). Pack B Pack A Energy content: Net weight 100 g 639 kcal Proteins: 16 g Energy (a) 549 kcal Fats: 7 g Carbohydrates 10 g Carbohydrates: 125 g Fats 28 g Fibre: 146 g Proteins 58 g Net weight: 300 g Use by 30.09.2010 Best before: 2011.12.31 Which pack contains dried beef and which pack contains raisins? Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (b) Which pack of food has a higher energy content per 100 g? Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (c) Which pack of food is more likely to lead to tooth decay? Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 30 Question Bank (Ch. 12) (d) Which pack of food is less likely to cause a person to become overweight? Why __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (e) In each pack, the total weight of carbohydrates, proteins and fats is less than the total weight because the dried food still contains a small amount of water. Which pack of food has a higher percentage of water? Show your calculation. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Pack A contains dried beef because there are a lot of proteins. Pack B contains raisins because there are a lot of carbohydrates and fibre. (b) Pack A, because its energy content is 549 kcal per 100 g while that of Pack B is 639 / 3 = 213 kcal per 100 g. (c) Pack B, because it contains a lot of sugar. (d) Pack A, because it has a higher energy level. (e) Pack A, because the percentage of water in Pack A = (100 – 10 – 28 – 58) / 100 = 4% the percentage of water in Pack of Pack B = (300 – 16 – 7 – 125 – 146) / 300 = 2% 3A120105Q007Eng (extension) The following diagrams show the ways to brush our teeth. Step 1: (a) Step 2: Step 3: Describe the ways to brush our teeth as shown in the diagrams. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (b) What is the purpose of brushing our teeth? __________________________________________________________________________ (c) How can we clean the teeth surfaces between two teeth? __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Why can improper cleaning of our teeth lead to tooth decay? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (e) Why can improper cleaning of our teeth lead to periodontal disease? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Step 1: Brush the outer surfaces with an up and down movement. Step 2: Brush the inner surfaces with an up and down movement. Step 3: Brush the chewing surfaces with a to and fro movement. (b) To remove the plaque on the surfaces of the teeth. (c) By using a piece of a dental floss. (d) Bacteria grow in our mouth. They form plaque on teeth surfaces. After a meal, some food may still be left on the teeth. The bacteria can act on the sugar and starch in the food left to produce an acid. The acid can dissolve the enamel and lead to tooth decay. (e) As plaque accumulates on teeth surfaces and the gums, the bacteria in the plaque can irritate the gums. The gums then swell, turn red and bleed easily. 3A120205Q008Eng Henry is a 2-year-old boy. His father suffers from obesity. So Henry’ mother removes fats almost completely from Henry’s diet so that he would not suffer from the same diseases. She allows Henry to eat a large amount of rice and lean meat to replace fatty foods. (a) State THREE diseases that can be caused by obesity. __________________________________________________________________________ (b) Is it appropriate to remove fats almost completely from Henry’s diet? State your reasons. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 31 Question Bank (Ch. 12) (c) Is it appropriate to allow Henry to eat a large amount of rice? Why? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Give THREE advices to Henry’s mother about Henry’s diet. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) High blood pressure, heart diseases, diabetes (Or other reasonable answers) (b) No, because fats are important materials for making cell membranes, nerve cells and certain hormones. Deficiency in fats will affect Henry’s growth and health. (c) No, because rice contains a large amount of carbohydrates. If he takes in too much carbohydrates, the excess carbohydrates will be changed into fats and stored in the body. This will also lead to obesity. (Or other reasonable answers) (d) Include a suitable amount of fats in the diet. Reduce the amount of rice in the diet. Include more vegetables and fruit in the diet. (Or other reasonable answers.) 12.4 Natural Food and Processed Food 3A120205Q009Eng The photo below shows some foods rich in dietary fibre. (a) What are the main functions of dietary fibre? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (b) What problems may be caused if one lacks dietary fibre in the diet? __________________________________________________________________________ (c) What other kinds of food substances do the foods in the photo contain? __________________________________________________________________________ (d) (i) Are the foods in the photo natural food or processed food? Explain. ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) Give ONE example of natural food and ONE example of processed food. ____________________________________________________________________ (e) Write down the pathway of dietary fibre in these foods flowing from the mouth cavity to the anus in our body. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Dietary fibre adds bulk to the contents in the intestine and stimulates the contraction of the intestine. This helps to push the contents of the intestine forwards. (b) Constipation (c) Vitamins and minerals (d) (i) They are natural food because they are fresh and do not contain any food additives. (ii) Natural food: fresh meat like beef, fish, pork or potato (Or other reasonable answer) Processed food: biscuit, raisin, potato chip or canned food (Or other reasonable answer) (e) Mouth cavity oesophagus stomach small intestine large intestine anus 32 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 12.5 How Food is Digested and Absorbed in our Body 12.6 The Fate of the Digested Food 3A120105Q010Eng The following diagram shows part of the human digestive system. A stomach C B (a) small intestine Describe in detail how structures A and B work together to help in the process of digestion. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (b) Describe in detail how structure C helps in the process of digestion. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (c) Where do the enzymes for digesting food in the stomach come from? __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Besides the enzymes in (c), the stomach also secretes a chemical. What is this chemical? What is its function? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (e) Apart from structures A, B and C, name ONE more structure that belongs to the digestive system but does NOT belong to the alimentary canal. __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Structure A (the liver) secretes bile and structure B (the gall bladder) stores the bile temporarily. When food enters the small intestine, bile passes from the gall bladder into the small intestine. Bile helps to emulsify fats into smaller oil droplets. (b) Structure C (the pancreas) secretes pancreatic juice which passes into the small intestine. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes which digest carbohydrates, fats and proteins. (c) The enzymes are secreted by the glands in the stomach wall. (d) The stomach also secretes an acid. The acid provides a suitable pH level for the enzymes to work and kills bacteria in food. (e) Salivary gland 3A120105Q011Eng The following diagram shows part of the human digestive system. A B C D (a) (i) Name structure A. ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) How is the food moved from structure A to structure B? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (b) (i) What kind of movement occurs in the wall of structure B? ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) What is the importance of such movement? ____________________________________________________________________ (iii) State TWO functions of the acid secreted in structure B. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 33 Question Bank (Ch. 12) (c) (i) What kind of movement occurs in the wall of structure C? ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) State TWO processes that occur in structure C. ____________________________________________________________________ (d) (i) Name the TWO main kinds of food substances in structure D. ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) Where will the indigestible food in structure D leave the body? _____________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) (i) Oesophagus (ii) The muscles of structure A contract and relax rhythmically to push the food to the stomach. (b) (i) Churning (ii) This helps to mix the food with the digestive juice and acid secreted from the glands in the stomach wall. (iii) The acid provides a suitable pH level for the enzymes to work and kills bacteria in food. (c) (i) Peristalsis (ii) Digestion and absorption (d) (i) Dietary fibre and water (ii) The anus 3A120105Q012Eng (extension) The following diagram shows the cross section of a human canine. A B C D E (a) (i) Which part is the hardest? What is its name? ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) What is the function of this part? ____________________________________________________________________ (b) (i) Which part is the central part of the tooth? What is its name? ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) State TWO structures inside this part. What are their functions? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (c) Which part is regarded as the main part of the tooth? What is its name? __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Which part is a bone? What is its name? __________________________________________________________________________ (e) What are the name and the function of part D? __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) (i) Part A; enamel (ii) It protects the tooth from damages. (b) (i) Part C; pulp cavity (ii) It contains blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the tooth, and carry carbon dioxide and waste away. It also contains nerves that detect stimuli for sensation. (c) Part B; dentine (d) Part E; jawbone (e) Cement. It attaches the tooth to the jawbone. 34 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120105Q013Eng The following diagram shows a small part of the human alimentary canal. B A blood vessel (a) Name structures A and B. __________________________________________________________________________ (b) (i) Digestion of food occurs in structure A. Name the TWO sources of digestive juices that contain enzymes for digestion here. ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) What food substances are digested in structure A? ____________________________________________________________________ (c) (i) Name the liquid passed from the gall bladder into A. ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) Where is this liquid produced? ____________________________________________________________________ (iii) What is the function of this liquid? ____________________________________________________________________ (d) (i) Apart from digestion, name another process that also occurs in structure A. ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) Briefly describe how structure B is helpful in this process. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) A: small intestine B: villus (b) (i) The small intestine and the pancreas (ii) Carbohydrates, proteins and fats (c) (i) Bile (ii) The liver (iii) Bile helps to emulsify fats into small droplets. This increases the surface area for the enzymes to work. (d) (i) Absorption of digested food (ii) They increase the surface area for quick absorption of digested food. Their lining is very thin so that the digested food can pass through it quickly into the blood. 12.7 Our Circulatory System 3A120205Q014Eng (extension) Imagine you are writing a story about Miss RBC which is a red blood cell in the human body. Her duty is to transport oxygen to the body cells. (a) Why should Miss RBC go to the lungs from time to time? __________________________________________________________________________ (b) From the lungs, Miss RBC travels through the veins to the heart. In the veins, she passes through ‘gates’ that only allow her to move forward. What are these ‘gates’ called? What is the importance of them? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (c) From the heart, Miss RBC travels through the arteries towards the body cells. She finds that the pressure inside the arteries is higher than that in the veins. Why? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Miss RBC travels through some ‘narrow channels’ to get near the body cells. What are these ‘narrow channels’ called? How are these ‘narrow channels’ helpful to Miss RBC’s work? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (e) State the next place that Miss RBC will go after getting near the body cells. Explain why she has to go to this place. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 35 Question Bank (Ch. 12) [Ans] (a) To obtain oxygen. (b) Valves. They avoid the back-flow of blood. (c) The blood in the arteries is driven by the pumping action of the heart but that in the veins is not. (d) Capillaries. They have thin walls which are one-cell thick. This allows oxygen to pass through quickly. (e) The heart. She will be driven by the pumping action of the heart to the lungs to obtain oxygen. 3A120205Q015Eng (extension) The following diagram shows a heart that has been cut open to show the chambers. C A D B (a) Write down ONE thing in common between the blood in each of the following pairs of chambers. (i) Chambers A and B ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) Chambers C and D ____________________________________________________________________ (iii) Chambers A and C ____________________________________________________________________ (iv) Chambers B and D ____________________________________________________________________ (b) (i) List in detail the route of that blood flows starting from chamber D and back to chamber D again. ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) From your answer in (i), explain why the blood circulation in the human body is called double circulation. ____________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) (i) The blood in chambers A and B contains relatively little oxygen. (ii) The blood in chambers C and D contains relatively much oxygen. (iii) The blood in chambers A and C enters the heart / moves to the ventricles. (iv) The blood in chambers B and D leaves the heart / comes from the atria. (b) (i) Chamber D all parts of the body except the lungs chamber A chamber B the lungs chamber C chamber D (ii) The blood flows through the heart twice in a complete circulation. 3A120105Q016Eng (extension) The following diagram shows the relation between different types of blood vessels in the human body. valve A B C 36 Question Bank (Ch. 12) (a) Name the types of blood vessels that A, B and C belong to. __________________________________________________________________________ (b) (i) What is the importance of a thick wall to A? ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) State another property of A that is of the same importance. ____________________________________________________________________ (c) What is the function of the valve in B? __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Arrange A, B and C in order according to the direction of blood flow inside them. __________________________________________________________________________ (e) (i) What is the function of C? ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) State ONE feature of C that allows it to perform its functions efficiently. ____________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) A: artery B: capillary C: vein (b) (i) To withstand the pressure when blood is pumped out from the heart. (ii) The wall is elastic. (c) To prevent the back-flow of blood. (d) ACB (e) (i) To allow the exchange of materials between the blood and body cells. (ii) They have very thin walls which are only one-cell thick. 12.8 How Fatty Foods Affect our Circulatory System 3A120105Q017Eng The teacher is doing a demonstration to show the effect of excess cholesterol in our body. red liquid plastic tubing funnel (a) What do the plastic tubing and the red ink represent? __________________________________________________________________________ (b) What substance can be used to represent cholesterol? __________________________________________________________________________ (c) How will the teacher treat the above substance in the above experiment? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (d) (i) What will happen to the above substance? ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) What does this simulate? ____________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Plastic tubing: blood vessel/artery Red ink: blood (b) Butter (or other reasonable answer) (c) Put butter into the red ink and stir the mixture. Then pour the mixture into the plastic tubing through the funnel. (d) (i) Some butter will stick on the inner wall of the plastic tubing. (ii) This simulates the deposit of cholesterol on the inner wall of a blood vessel/an artery. 37 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 12.9&12.10 Exercise and Health & Need for Rest 3A120205Q018Eng Anna has answered a questionnaire about her lifestyle. Anna Lee Name: Age: 15 Sex: Female Height: 165 cm Weight: 52 kg How many times do you exercise each week? 5 times How long do you exercise each time on average? 0.5 hours What kind of exercises / sports do you usually do? Cycling, swimming, yoga (a) Write down the formula of BMI. (b) Calculate the BMI of Anna. Comment on her body condition. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (c) (i) Explain how swimming helps Anna develop strength. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (ii) Explain how cycling helps Anna develop stamina. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (iii) Explain how yoga helps Anna develop suppleness. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (d) (extension) Suggest TWO preventive measures Anna should do before cycling. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Weight (kg) / Height2 (m2) (b) Anna’s BMI = 52 kg / (1.65) 2 m2 = 19.1 kg/m2 She is physically fit because the value is within the normal range, which is 18.5 – 22.9. (c) (i) Swimming can train Anna’s muscles to be more powerful and work more efficiently. (ii) Cycling can strengthen Anna’s heart muscles and increase the vital capacity of her lungs. (iii) Yoga can help Anna bend and stretch her body more easily. (d) Wear suitable protective equipment, e.g. helmet and kneepads. Do some stretching and warm-up exercises before cycling. (Or other two reasonable answers.) 38 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120105Q019Eng Jason is collecting breathed air by using a large bottle, a trough and a straw. (a) What must Jason do if he wants to measure the vital capacity of his lungs? __________________________________________________________________________ (b) What can the vital capacity of his lungs indicate? __________________________________________________________________________ (c) What does it mean if the vital capacity of Jason’s lungs is low? Why? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (d) What should Jason do if the vital capacity of his lungs is low? __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Take a deep breath and blow out as much air as he can through the straw into the water bottle. (b) His physical fitness (c) He is not physically fit, because people who exercise regularly usually have a large vital capacity. (d) He should exercise regularly. 3A120105Q020Eng (extension) Tony and Jenny are training themselves to prepare for an important cycling race. (a) Look at the above diagram. Why do they wear helmets and knee-protectors? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (b) What should they do before their training to avoid injuries? __________________________________________________________________________ (c) There will be many cyclists in the cycling race. State TWO things that Tony and Jenny should do to avoid accidents during the race? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Besides sufficient training, how can Tony and Jenny have good physical conditions to prepare for the race? Give them TWO suggestions. __________________________________________________________________________ (e) Besides good physical conditions, suggest ONE way for Tony and Jenny to maintain a good mental condition in their preparation for the race. Explain why your suggestion is helpful. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) To protect their head and knees in case they fall off the bicycle. (b) Stretching and warming up (c) To obey the rules of the sport and follow the instructions of the staff. (d) Have a balanced diet Have enough rest (e) To do leisurely activities after training to release stress. (Or other reasonable answers) 39 Question Bank (Ch. 12) Miscellaneous Questions 3A120206Q001Eng The following are the main types of food substances. A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Proteins D. Vitamins E. Minerals F. Dietary fibre Using the letters, state which types of food substances have the following properties. (a) To provide energy __________________________________________________________________________ (b) To prevent rickets __________________________________________________________________________ (c) To help to push the contents of the intestine forwards __________________________________________________________________________ (d) To prevent night blindness __________________________________________________________________________ (e) To repair body tissues __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) A, B and C (b) D and E (c) F (d) D (e) C 3A120106Q002Eng Consider the following exercise or sports: cycling (a) aerobics yoga weightlifting wall climbing judo Which of the above exercise or sports is/are the best for improving strength? __________________________________________________________________________ (b) Which of the above exercise or sports is/are the best for improving suppleness? __________________________________________________________________________ (c) Which of the above exercise or sports is/are the best for improving stamina? __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Weightlifting and wall climbing (b) Yoga and judo (c) Cycling and aerobics 3A120206Q003Eng Which level in the food pyramid does each of the following foods belong to? Write your answer in the blanks below. Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 (i) cheese (iv) tomato (vii) (ii) bread (v) rice (iii) butter (vi) fish cabbage (x) pork (viii) candy (xi) milk (ix) (xii) noodles orange 40 Question Bank (Ch. 12) (a) Level 1: ___________________________________________________________________ (b) Level 2: ___________________________________________________________________ (c) Level 3: ___________________________________________________________________ (d) Level 4: ___________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) iii, viii (b) i, vi, x, xi (c) iv, vii, ix (d) ii, v, xii 3A120206Q004Eng Consider the following foods: tomato salted fish chocolate milk olive oil cheese bean curd beef watermelon corn fresh salmon Which are natural foods and which are processed foods? Write your answer in the table below. Natural food Processed food [Ans] Natural food: tomato, beef, watermelon, corn, fresh salmon Processed food: salted fish, cheese, chocolate milk, olive oil, bean curd 3A120106Q005Eng The following are the names of different parts of the alimentary canal. List them in the order that how the food we eat moves along the alimentary canal by writing the numbers representing them in the blanks. (i) stomach (ii) anus (iii) large intestine (iv) mouth (v) oesophagus (vi) small intestine (iv) [Ans] (v) (i) (vi) (iii) (ii) 3A120106Q006Eng Match the following diseases with their symptoms and causes. Write your answer in the blanks below. Name of disease Symptom Cause (a) scurvy (i) weak and soft bones (1) lack of iodine (b) rickets (ii) not enough red blood cells (2) lack of vitamin C (c) anaemia (iii) enlargement of thyroid gland (3) lack of vitamin A (d) night blindness (iv) difficult to see in dim night (4) lack of iron (e) goitre (v) easy bleeding of the gums (5) lack of vitamin D (a) ______ ; ______ (b) ______ ; ______ (d) ______ ; ______ (e) ______ ; ______ (c) ______ ; ______ [Ans] (a) v ; 2 (b) i ; 5 (c) ii ; 4 (d) iv ; 3 (e) iii ; 1 3A120106Q007Eng (extension) Match the food additives with their functions. Write your answer in the blanks below. Food additive Function (a) MSG (i) to prevent mould formation (b) caramel (ii) to enhance the flavour of food (c) sorbic acid (iii) to prevent bacterial growth and to maintain (d) sodium nitrite (e) vinegar the original colour of food (iv) to maintain an acidic environment to prevent the growth of micro-organisms (v) (a) ______ (b) ______ to enhance the colour of food (c) ______ (d) ______ [Ans] (a) ii (b) v (c) i (d) iii (e) iv 41 (e) ______ Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120106Q008Eng (extension) Match the following food additives with their examples and functions. Write your answer in the blanks below. Food additive Example Function (a) preservative (i) carotene (1) to prevent food from going bad (b) colouring (ii) monosodium glutamate (2) to improve the taste of the food (c) flavouring (iii) sodium nitrite (3) to make the food looks better (a) ______ ; ______ (b) ______ ; ______ (c) ______ ; ______ [Ans] (a) iii ; 1 (b) i ; 3 (c) ii ; 2 3A120106Q009Eng (extension) Match the different parts of the digestive system with their corresponding functions. Write your answer in the blanks below. Part of the digestive system Function (a) mouth cavity (i) to push the food to the stomach (b) salivary gland (ii) to absorb most of the digested food (c) oesophagus (iii) to secrete bile (d) stomach (iv) to absorb water in the undigested food (e) small intestine (v) to break down the food into small pieces (f) liver (vi) to secrete enzymes which digest (g) pancreas (h) large intestine (vii) to secrete saliva (i) anus (viii) to expel the faeces from the body (ix) to churn the food and mix it with the carbohydrates, fats and proteins digestive juice and acid secreted (a) ______ (b) ______ (c) ______ (d) ______ (e) ______ (f) ______ (g) ______ (h) ______ (i) ______ [Ans] (a) v (b) vii (c) i (d) ix (e) ii (f) iii (g) vi (h) iv (i) viii 3A120206Q010Eng (extension) In the following sentences, some of them are relevant to the pathway of the blood flow in our circulatory system. Arrange them in sequence by numbering them in brackets. For the irrelevant sentences, put an ‘x’ in the bracket. (a) Blood flows to the legs and supplies oxygen. [ ] (b) Blood flows to the lungs and absorbs oxygen. [ ] (c) Blood with low oxygen level leaves the heart. [ ] (d) Blood with high oxygen level leaves the heart. [ ] (e) Blood with low oxygen level flows to the legs. [ ] (f) Blood with high oxygen level flows to the lungs. [ ] (g) Blood with low oxygen level returns to the heart. [ ] (h) Blood with high oxygen level returns to the heart. [ ] (b) 5 (c) 4 [Ans] (a) 2 (d) 1 (e) x (f) x (g) 3 (h) 6 3A120106Q011Eng Write a ‘T’ in the bracket if the statement is an advantage of doing regular exercise and an ‘F’ if it is not. (a) Increasing the volume of the heart [ ] (b) Enhancing our confidence in facing difficulties [ ] (c) Enhancing our relationships with friends [ ] (d) Strengthening the lung muscles [ ] (e) Removing toxic substances in our body [ ] (f) Enhancing our resistance against diseases [ ] (b) T (c) T [Ans] (a) F (d) F (e) F (f) T 42 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120106Q012Eng Write down the names of the four types of teeth in the spaces provided. (a) (b) (c) (d) [Ans] (a) Canine (b) Incisor (c) Molar (d) Premolar 3A120106Q013Eng Label the different structures of the human digestive system in the diagram below. (a) (d) (e) (b) (f) (c) (g) [Ans] (a) Liver (b) Gall bladder (c) Pancreas (d) Oesophagus (e) Stomach (f) Small intestine (g) Large intestine 3A120106Q014Eng (extension) Label the different chambers of the heart in the diagram below. (c) (a) (d) (b) [Ans] (a) Right atrium (b) Right ventricle (c) Left atrium (d) Left ventricle 3A120206Q015Eng (extension) Complete the table below. Heart chamber Function Right atrium (a) Right ventricle (b) Left atrium (c) Left ventricle (d) [Ans] (a) To pump blood to the right ventricle. (b) To pump blood to the lungs. (c) To pump blood to the left ventricle. (d) To pump blood out of the heart through the arteries to all parts of the body except the lungs. 43 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120206Q016Eng (extension) Make a comparison of the arteries and veins by writing suitable words in the table below. Arteries Veins Thickness of the wall (Thicker / Thinner) (a) (b) Elasticity of the wall (More elastic / Less elastic) (c) (d) Presence of valves (Yes / No) (e) (f) Direction of blood flow (From the heart / To the heart) (g) (h) [Ans] (a) Thicker (b) Thinner (c) More elastic (d) Less elastic (e) No (f) Yes (g) From the heart (h) To the heart 3A120206Q017Eng The following statements are INCORRECT. Underline the wrong word(s) and write down the correct ones in the space provided. There might be more than one mistake in each sentence. (a) A food pyramid is a guide to show the right amount of different foods we should eat every day. __________________________________________________________________________ (b) Young people generally need less energy than elderly people because young people are less active. __________________________________________________________________________ (c) Goitre is a disease with enlarged salivary glands due to the deficiency of calcium. __________________________________________________________________________ (d) The excess carbohydrates absorbed by our body are stored as proteins. __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) A food pyramid is a guide to show the right amount (proportion) of different foods we should eat every day. (b) Young people generally need less (more) energy than elderly people because young people are less (more) active. (c) Goitre is a disease with enlarged salivary (thyroid) glands due to the deficiency of calcium (iodine). (d) The excess carbohydrates absorbed by our body are stored as proteins (fats). 3A120106Q018Eng (extension) The following statements are INCORRECT. Underline the wrong word(s) and write down the correct ones in the space provided. There might be more than one mistake in each sentence. (a) Natural foods are those with natural food additives. __________________________________________________________________________ (b) Food colourings can be divided into two types: healthy colourings and unhealthy colourings. __________________________________________________________________________ (c) Food preservatives do not allow living organisms to grow. __________________________________________________________________________ (d) Food flavourings improve the taste and appearance of food. __________________________________________________________________________ (e) Salt can be used as a food flavouring and also a food colouring. __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Natural foods are those with natural (no) food additives. (b) Food colourings can be divided into two types: healthy (natural) colourings and unhealthy (artificial) colourings. (c) Food preservatives do not allow living (micro-) organisms to grow. (d) Food flavourings improve the taste and appearance (smell) of food. (e) Salt can be used as a food flavouring and also a food colouring (preservative). 44 Question Bank (Ch. 12) 3A120206Q019Eng (extension) The following statements are INCORRECT. Underline the wrong word(s) and write down the correct ones in the space provided. There might be more than one mistake in each sentence. (a) In the mouth, food is mixed with an enzyme which contains saliva for breaking down maltose into starch. __________________________________________________________________________ (b) The stomach secretes a digestive juice which contains an enzyme for digesting carbohydrates. The stomach also secretes an acid for digesting the bacteria in food. __________________________________________________________________________ (c) The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which passes into the large intestine for emulsifying food. __________________________________________________________________________ (d) The gall bladder secretes bile which is stored temporarily in the liver. Bile can digest fats into small oil droplets. __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) In the mouth, food is mixed with an enzyme (saliva) which contains saliva (an enzyme) for breaking down maltose (starch) into starch (maltose). (b) The stomach secretes a digestive juice which contains an enzyme for digesting carbohydrates (proteins). The stomach also secretes an acid for digesting (killing) the bacteria in food. (c) The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which passes into the large (small) intestine for emulsifying (digesting) food. (d) The gall bladder (liver) secretes bile which is stored temporarily in the liver (gall bladder). Bile can digest (emulsify) fats into small oil droplets. 3A120106Q020Eng (extension) The following statements are INCORRECT. Underline the wrong word(s) and write down the correct ones in the space provided. There might be more than one mistake in each sentence. (a) Platelets look like a disc which is compressed in the centre. __________________________________________________________________________ (b) Capillaries have a thick, elastic wall. __________________________________________________________________________ (c) When the ventricles contract, blood is pushed into the atria. __________________________________________________________________________ (d) The pulse rate decreases when a person is doing physical activity. __________________________________________________________________________ (e) The veins are the sites where the exchange of materials takes place. __________________________________________________________________________ (f) Bile is secreted in the gall bladder. __________________________________________________________________________ [Ans] (a) Platelets (Red blood cells) look like a disc which is compressed in the centre. (b) Capillaries (Arteries) have a thick, elastic wall. OR Capillaries have a thick, elastic wall (very thin walls which are only one-cell thick). (c) When the ventricles contract, blood is pushed into the atria (squeezed out of the heart). OR: When the ventricles (atria) contract, blood is pushed into the atria (ventricles). (d) The pulse rate decreases (increases) when a person is doing physical activity. (e) The veins (capillaries) are the sites where the exchange of materials takes place. (f) Bile is secreted from (stored in) the gall bladder. OR Bile is secreted from the gall bladder (liver). 45
