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Chapter 6: Cell Energy: Photosynthesis and Respiration Section 3: Glycolysis and Respiration Glycolysis – Breaking Down Glucose __________________________________________________________________ Gives off 3811 ___________________________ Glycolysis takes place in the ________________________________ of a cell In glycolysis, a series of enzymes catalyzes chemical reactions that change ____________________________, one step at a time, into __________________ _____________________________ Respiration If oxygen is available, _______________________________ can take place ________________________ process Respiration is the process that involves ___________________________ and breaks down ____________________________________________ to release ______________________ o Uses the ___________________________________ formed in glycolysis o Often used as a synonym for ________________________________ o Takes place in the cell’s ____________________________________ The Krebs Cycle First set of reactions in respiration o __________________________________ 2 carbon atoms added (from the breakdown of pyruvic acid) 2 carbon atoms removed (in 2 molecules of CO2) 3 molecules of NAD+ converted to NADH 1 molecule of FAD converted to FADH2 1 molecule of GDP converted to GTP Electron Transport in the Mitochondrion High energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed to electron transport enzymes in the mitochondrion Form an ________________ along which electrons are passed Enzyme at the end of the chain combines e- from ETC, H+ ions from fluid inside the cell, and O2 to form ______________________ _____________________________ is the final electron acceptor in respiration o Is essential for obtaining energy from both NADH and FADH2 ATP Formation Electron transport involves the movement of _____________________________ As enzymes accept electrons, they pump a hydrogen from the inside to the outside This movement powers the formation of __________________ o On average, the movement of a pair of electrons down the ETC produces enough energy to form ___________________ from ADP More ____________________________________ o This imbalance supplies the energy to make _______________ from ADP The Totals Glycolysis and respiration together produce a total of ______________________ molecules Obtaining Energy From Food ________________________________________________________ are broken down into simple sugars that are then converted into glucose o The pathways we have discussed can be used to produce energy o The cell can generate chemical energy in the form of ATP from just about any source Breathing and Respiration Final acceptor for all electrons in respiration is ________________________ Without oxygen, electron transport cannot operate, Krebs cycle stops, and ATP production stops With each breath we take, air flows into our lungs o ___________________________ has a critical role to play in the mitochondria of every cell Energy in Balance ________________________________ and ___________________________ can be thought of as opposite processes o Photosynthesis ___________________________________________ o Respiration ______________________________________________