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Prepositions
Parts of Speech
1. Preposition - is a word used to show the relationship
between a word or phrase and some other word in the
sentence.
2. Prepositional phrase = preposition + noun or pronoun
_________________
Name
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3. Kinds - adjective and adverb prepositional phrases
Verbs
4. Common single prepositions:
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2
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
amid
among
around
as
at
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before
behind
below
beneath
beside
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despite
down
during
except
excepting
for
from
in
inside
into
like
near
(at the side of)
besides
(in addition to)
between
beyond
but (except)
by
concerning
of
off
on
onto
opposite
out
outside
over
past
pending
regarding
since
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through
throughout
till
to
toward
under
underneath
until
unto
up
upon
with
within
without
1. Action verbs - show physical or mental action
2. Linking verbs - show state of being
is
am
are
was
were
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in addition to
in back of
in front of
in place of
next to
on account of
on top of
as of
as to
because of
by means of
due to
in regard to
in spite of
instead of
in view of
out of
owing to
prior to
feel
grow
look
remain
seem
smell
sound
stay
taste
touch
turn
3. Helping Verbs - is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
do
have
may
can
will
5. Common compound prepositions:
according to
ahead of
along with
apart from
aside from
be
being
been
appear
become
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does
has
might
could
would
did
had
must
shall
ought
should
4. Kinds:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
transitive (takes a direct object)
intransitive (no direct object)
active - subject performs the action
passive - subject receives the action
principal parts - present, present participle,
past, past participle
f. tenses - present, past, future; simple, perfect, progressive
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Pronouns
Conjunctions
1. Pronoun - replaces a noun or another pronoun.
1. Conjunction - connects words or groups of words.
2. Cases:
Kinds:
2. Coordinating Conjunctions:
and but
for nor
(think “fan boys”)
a. Nominative: (subjects or predicate nominatives)
I you he she it we you they
b. Objective: (any of the objects)
me you him her it us
you
c. Possessive: (shows possession)
my mine your(s) his her(s)
our(s) your(s) their(s)
3. Correlative Conjunctions:
both . . . and
either . . . or
neither . . . nor
it
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Personal
(nominative and objective cases from above)
Possessive
(possessive case from above)
Singular or Plural
Person: first, second, or third person
Gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter
reflexive or intensive = add -self or -selves
reflexive - reflects an action back on the subject and
is necessary to the meaning of the sentence
intensive - emphasizes a noun or a pronoun; not
necessary to the meaning of the sentence
g. demonstrative = this, that, these, those
h. interrogative = who, whom, whose, which, what
i. relative =
who, whom, whose, which, that
each
either
everybody
everyone
everything
enough
neither
nobody
no one
nothing
so
one
other
somebody
someone
something
not only . . . but also
whether . . . or
just as . . . so
4. Subordinating Conjunctions:
after
although
as
as far as
as if
as long as
as soon as
as though
because
before
considering (that)
even though
if
inasmuch as
in order that
provided (that)
since
so long as
so that
than
though
unless
until
when
whenever
where
wherever
whereas
while
5. Conjunctive Adverbs (____________; ___, __________.)
accordingly
also
besides
consequently
finally
furthermore
hence
however
instead
nevertheless
otherwise
similarly
Plural: both, few, many, others, several
Singular or plural: all, any, most, more, none, some
2
yet
them
3. Kinds:
j. indefinite:
Singular:
another
anybody
anyone
anything
or
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still
therefore
thus
Adjectives
Adverbs
1. Adjective - modifies a noun or a pronoun
1. Adverb - modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb
2. Answers the questions
2. Answers the questions:
How?
When?
To what extent?
3. Many adverbs are formed:
adjective + -ly
4. Degrees of comparison:
positive
comparative (two)
superlative (three or more)
which one(s)?
how many (much)?
what kind?
3. Article adjectives: the, a, an
definite = the
indefinite = a, an
4. Degrees of comparison:
positive
comparative (two)
superlative (three or more)
5. Proper adjectives (capitalized):
6. Predicate adjectives:
(S
LV
Japanese car
5. Problems:
Where?
adjective or adverb?
adverb or predicate adjective?
6. Double negatives:
Don’t use them!
(not, n’t, never, barely, scarcely, and hardly)
PA)
7. Commonly used adverbs:
7. Nouns used as adjectives:
(possessive nouns - ’s or s’)
My sister’s goal is to become an auto mechanic
The coach collected the players’ uniforms.
8. Pronouns used as adjectives:
demonstrative That evidence should be disregarded.
indefinite
I received several packages.
interrogative
Which book belongs to you?
possessive
The candidates filed their petitions.
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afterward
almost
already
also
back
even
far
fast
forth
hard
here
instead
late
long
low
more
near
never
next
not
now
5
often
seldom
slow
soon
still
straight
then
there
today
tomorrow
too
well
yesterday
yet
Interjections
Nouns
1. Interjection - word or phrase used to express strong feeling
or emotion.
1. Noun - is a person, place, thing, or idea.
2. Often used with “a,” “an,” or “the”
2. Not a part of the main structure of the sentence
3. It is set off with a comma or an exclamation mark.
Kinds:
3. a. common (general)
b. proper (specific; capitalized)
4. Commonly used interjections:
ah
aha
alas
bam
bravo
golly
good grief
goodness
hey
hooray
oh
oh dear
oh my
oh yes
oh no
okay
ouch
ow
phew
pow
shh
tsk
ugh
uh oh
well
whee
whew
whoops
wow
4. a. concrete (can be seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched)
b. abstract (cannot be perceived with the senses)
5. collective - group of people or things
6. compound - two or more words;
can be open, closed, or hyphenated
7. a. plural nouns (more than one)
b. possessive nouns (singular or plural possessive)
( add ’s
add ’s or ’ after an s)
8. Nouns can be used as
S
subjects
DO
direct objects
IO
indirect objects
OP
objects of prepositions
PN
predicate nominatives
APP
appositives
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