Download World War II Notes

Additional World War II Notes—These will be on the test too!!
WWII on the Homefront
Mobilizing for War
Converting Industry
Car factoriestanks & airplanes
Shipbuilding
Exempt from the Draft
Naval ships
Liberty ships
War Production Board: directs industry
Rationing
Not enough to go around
Everything was rationed
Conservation & Recycling
Building an Army
US had a small army in 1939 (227,000)
Selective Service Act (1940) This is the Draft
About 1 million by 1941
5 million volunteer after Pearl Harbor
10 million are drafted
Segregated military
Double V Campaign
Tuskegee Airmen
Most African Americans are kept in non-combat
roles until the end of the war
Segregated units with white officers
Women in the military
Each branch had a women’s auxillary
(WAAC/WAC for the Army)
Many served as clerks or nurses (all non-combat
roles)
Racial/Ethnic Tensions Rise in the US
Job competition
Housing and job discrimination
Riots
Population Shifts
People moved where the war industry jobs were
West Coast and the North
Great Migration continues and it speeds up during WWII
Alabama and WWII
Mobile docks & shipbuilding
Birmingham steel industry
Aliceville POW Camp (near Tuscaloosa)
Battle of Midway (June 1942)
US has broken Japanese Naval Code
US plans to ambush Japanese fleet
Japan attacks Midway Island (why?)
US carrier aircraft attack Japanese fleet
US sinks 4 Japanese carriers (25%)
Turning –point in the war in the Pacific
Japan is losing territory for the rest of the war
Island Hopping Campaign (map on p. 760)
Guadalcanal (Aug. 1942)
1st island in campaign
Hard fighting
Jungle warfare
1st Japanese defeat on land
Two-pronged approach
Goal: get close enough to Japan to bomb, then
invade
Battle of Leyte Gulf (Oct. 1944)
Naval battle
Kamikazes (over 400) used against US ships (16
sunk)
Japanese fleet is destroyed
3 battleships
4 carriers
13 cruisers
400 aircraft
Battle of Iwo Jima (Mar. 1945)
US needed island for an airstrip to bomb Japan
Heavily defended (20,700 Japanese)
Only 200 Japanese survive
Firebombing of Japan Begins
FDR dies April 12, 1945
Battle of Okinawa (April-June 1945)
Last island before the US reaches the Japanese
home islands
US needed Okinawa to launch an invasion of Japan
from
7,600 Americans died
110,000 Japanese died…few surrender
15:1 kill ratio
1,900 kamikaze attacks
Killed 5,000 sailors
Sank 30 US ships
Damaged 300 US ships
Manhattan Project
Headed by Robert Oppenheimer
Secret project to build an atomic bomb
Intended for use against Germany…why wasn’t it?
Tested July 16, 1945 in Alamogordo, NM
Scientists argue about using it against Japan
Truman makes an easy decision
Sends Stalin a message
US did not want the USSR involved in
Japan
Stalin already knew about our secret
bomb project
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
August 6, 1945: Hiroshima bombed
“Enola Gay” drops “Little Boy”
100,000 died immediately
August 9, 1945: Nagasaki bombed
“Bock’s Car” drops “Fat Man”
80,000 died immediately
August 15, 1945: V-J Day
Japan announced it would surrender
September 2, 1945: formal surrender ceremony
Signed on USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay
WWII in the Pacific
Leaders in the Pacific
Emperor Hirohito
Prime Minister Hideki Tojo
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Adm. Chester Nimitz
Adm. Bull Halsey
Pacific Battles
Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)
Philippines (1941-1942)
Corregidor Island
Bataan Death March
Gen. MacArthur leaves the Philippines
“I shall return”
Doolittle Raid (April 1942)
Pearl Harbor movie shows this
US Bombers attack Japan
Very little damage done
Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942)
Japanese plan to attack Australia
US carriers intercept Japanese fleet
New type of naval warfare
Who won?
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Red Army (USSR) counterattacks and surrounds
the German Army
Hitler refuses to allow retreat
Hitler refuses to allow surrender
250,000 freezing Germans surrender…only 5,000
survive
**This is the turning –point in the war on the
Eastern Front**
German Army begins a long retreat
Battle of Kursk
Largest tank battle in WWII
The War in Europe and North Africa
Leaders in Europe and North Africa
Adolf Hitler
Benito Mussolini
Joseph Stalin
Winston Churchill
FDR
Henri Petain
Gen. George Marshall
Gen. Dwight Eisenhower
Gen. George Patton
Gen. Bernard Montgomery
Gen. Charles DeGaulle
Gen. Georgi Zhukov
Gen. Erwin Rommel
Men:
USSR 1.3 million Germany 1.0 million
Tanks: USSR 3,600
Germany 2,700
Planes: USSR 2,400
Germany 2,000
Artillery: USSR 20,000 Germany almost none (Stalingrad)
Invasion of Italy
German Army escapes N. Africa to Sicily, Italy
US & GB follow
Italians revolt & drop out of the war
Mussolini removed from power
German Army controls Italy & does all of the
fighting
Hitler puts Mussolini back in power
Italians actively help the Allies (resistance
movements & guerrilla warfare)
Bloody fighting in Sicily and at Anzio
Long, slow advance for the Allies in Italy
Italian geography: rough
Germans are dug-in on high ground
Rome finally falls in early June
1944…overshadowed by D-Day (June 6)
Took 18 months of hard fighting for the Allies to
capture Rome
Operation Overlord (D-Day)
June 6, 1944
Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France
Hitler is tricked by the US & British
Hitler believes the invasion will come at Calais, not
Normandy
100,000+ troops land on the Normandy beaches on
the first day
Millions follow them
German Army is pushed back by the Allies
Gen. Patton rolls through the Germans
Paris is liberated (Patton does all of the work)
Allies push towards Germany
German Army is being squeezed by the Allies
US & GB from the west
USSR from the east
Battle of the Bulge
Allies are about to enter Germany
German Army mounts a surprise offensive
Germans push a bulge in the US/GB lines
Allies quickly recover and encircle & cut-off the
German advance
This is the last major German offensive of the war
Allies push deep into Germany
V-E Day
Soviet Red Army pushes into Germany from the
East
US & GB push into Germany from the West
Eisenhower agrees to allow Red Army to capture
Berlin
Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945 rather than
be captured
German Army surrenders May 8, 1945 (V-E Day)
War Crimes Trials
Nuremberg for the Germans
Tokyo for the Japanese
Battles in Europe & North Africa
Battle of Britain
The air war between the RAF and the Luftwaffe
Fought in 1940 over Great Britain
Germany was trying to destroy the RAF in order to
invade
RAF had early warning radar
Any time the Luftwaffe attacked, the RAF was
waiting on them
Luftwaffe fails to gain air superiority
Invasion of Great Britain never happens
Operation Sea Lion
Germany’s plan to invade Great Britain by sea and
air
Never happened because Germany never gained air
superiority
Operation Barbarossa
Germans invade the USSR in June 1941
Hitler’s biggest mistake in WWII
Germany pushes deep into the USSR
Soviets follow a scorched-earth policy as they
retreat
German Army gets within 25 miles of Moscow
Leningrad under siege for 900 days
Russian winter gets the Germans just like it did
Napoleon
Coldest Russian winter in 70 years
German supply lines stretch 500 miles into USSR
Supplies are scarce
Operation Torch
US invasion of North Africa (1942)
Why North Africa? We weren’t ready to attack
anywhere else.
US attacks from the west and GB attacks from the
east
GB wanted to protect the Suez Canal in Egypt
Battle of El Alamein
Montgomery –vs Rommel
1st German defeat in WWII
Battle of Kasserine Pass
(1st battle for the US)
US “wins” the battle
Germans are squeezed out of North Africa
Battle of the Atlantic
German U-Boats try to starve the British out of the
war
Convoy system works again
Long-range aircraft, RADAR, and SONAR help
defeat the Germans
This battle lasted the entire war
Battle of Stalingrad
Germans push deep into USSR
Stalingrad has war factories
Stalingrad is the gateway to Soviet oil reserves
Stalingrad is named after Stalin!
Germans control 90% of the city (which is in ruins)
Movie Enemy at the Gates shows the battle
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