Download Notes 11-2

Exploring Life Science
Chapter 11
Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
Chapter 11 – Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
Engage : Have you ever gone fishing?
Objectives:
1. Name the characteristics of fishes.
2. Name the major groups of fishes and describe how
they differ.
11-2 : Fishes
A. Introduction
1. First Fishes -- 540 million years ago.
2. Fishes -- water-dwelling vertebrates that are
characterized by scales, fins, and throats
with gill slits.
* Note: Not all fishes have all these
characteristics. (i.e., sturgeons,
paddle fish & sea horses have no scales.
Fins -- vary
Gill Slits -- all fishes
3. Ectoderms
4. Food -- about everything.
algae
worms
dead fish
Parrot fish -- eats coral.
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Exploring Life Science
Chapter 11
Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
5. Capture -- lure
Swordfishes -- slash through large groups of
fish.
Toad fishes -- blend in.
Angler fishes -- wormlike
lures that dangle in front
of their prey.
6. Circulatory System -- closed.
Closed Loop:
heart
gills
rest of body
7. Excretory system -- kidneys.
8. Nervous System -- well-developed
eyes - color vision.
Smell & taste -- keen.
Example: Sharks -- blood.
Hearing -- poor.
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Exploring Life Science
Chapter 11
Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
9. Reproduction -- Male-Female (Sexual)
Exception: born males
females
born females
males
External Fertilization -- most.
Internal Fertilization - some, sharks/rays
10. Mating
Male guppies -- dance.
Male three-spined stickleback -bright red & blue body.
11. Groups
a. Jawless
b. Cartilaginous
c. Bony
B. Jawless Fishes
1. Primitive
2. Lack scales & paired fins
3. Skeleton -- cartilage
4. Support -- notochord
5. Flexible
6. 2 Species
a. Lampreys -suction-cup mouth
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Exploring Life Science
Chapter 11
Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
b. Hag fishes
C. Cartilaginous Fishes
1. Example: Sharks, rays, skates & 2 rare
fishes called saw fishes & chimaeras.
2. Skeleton -- cartilage.
3. Tooth-like scales -- feel like sandpaper.
4. Sharks - torpedo-shaped bodies,
curved tails & rounded snouts.
5. Very long teeth (3000) -- 6 to 20 rows.
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Exploring Life Science
Chapter 11
Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
6. Skates & Rays
a. Bodies flat
b. 2 large, broad fins that stick out
from their sides
c. Lie on the ocean bottom
d. Some poisonous spine at end of
their long, thin tail
e. Electric Rays - organ in the head
discharges 200 volts of electricity
D. Bony Fishes
1. Skeleton -- hard bones many small & sharp.
2. Schools -- groups of fish.
3. Paired fins.
4. Swim bladders -- gas-filled sac that gives bony
fishes buoyancy or the ability to float in water.
5. Electric eel -- 650 volts of electricity.
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Exploring Life Science
Chapter 11
Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
6. Remora -- sucker to attach itself to sharksfeeding on bits of food they leave behind.
7. Flounder -- eggs contain oil droplets floats near
the surface.
Eye on one side of body.
No swim bladder.
Can change its color.
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Exploring Life Science
Chapter 11
Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
8. Lantern Fish -- live 300-700 meters
deep -- have light-emitting organs.
9. Other deep-sea fishes -- huge eyes.
10. Mudskippers -- fins to walk or skip
on land. Can breathe air through its skin.
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Exploring Life Science
Chapter 11
Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
African Lungfish -- dry periods burrow into the
mud & become inactive until rain comes.
11. Fins
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