Download 16-17 Unit 2 Assignments NEW

European History AP HOMEWORK Questions:
Unit 2: 1648-1815 (Oct. 10th to Dec. 21st)
CHAPTER 18: TOWARDS A NEW WORLD-VIEW
Instructional Objectives
After reading and studying this chapter, students should be able to:
The Scientific Revolution – Pages 595-605
1.
List the causes of the Scientific Revolution. (4)
2.
Discuss what the pre-Scientific Revolution European view of the universe.
3.
Know what subject, pre-1500, one needed in order to study science.
4.
Know the difference between geocentric and heliocentric theories. Which philosophers or scientists
believed in either of the theories?
5.
Identify and discuss the contributions and achievements of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton
to the Scientific Revolution. How did these astronomers contribute to the destruction of the Aristotelian
view of the universe? What did Francis Bacon contribute to the foundation of scientific thought?
6.
Explain Galileo’s ‘theory of inertia’.
7.
Detail Gresham College’s contributions to the Scientific Revolution.
8.
List and explain the factors that led to the development of the Newtonian worldview and explain how the
Newtonian worldview differed from the medieval worldview.
9.
Define: Empiricism
10. Identify: The Scientific Method. It’s a combination of whose theories?
The Enlightenment – Pages 605-615
11. Identify: Fontenelle’s Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686).
12. Outline how the Newtonian worldview and Enlightenment thinking affected society, religion, culture, the
economy, and politics.
13. List the important trends of Enlightenment thought. (4)
14. Identify: Pierre Bayle and his Historical and Critical Dictionary
15. Compare and contrast the political philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. How did each view
human nature? What did John Locke claim in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding? Would you
rather live under a government designed by Hobbes or by Locke? Why?
16. Know what Descartes reasoning reduced all substances to.
17. How important were Voltaire and the Encyclopedia in the success of the Enlightenment? What was the
goal of the Encyclopedia?
18. Discuss the political views of Montesquieu and Rousseau.
19. Identify: The Spirit of Laws
20. Identify: Persian Letters
21. Identify: Voltaire. What were his views of government?
22. Identify: Madame du Chatelet
23. Identify: D’Holback’s System of Nature
24. Identify: Progress of the Human Mind
25. Explain Rousseau’s concept of “general will”.
26. Identify: Immanuel Kant
27. Identify: Salon
28. Know why the Enlightenment reached its highest development in France. (4)
29. Know the various types of literature featured in the illegal book trade in France. (4)
30. Explain the concept of “reading revolution.”
31. Study the timeline found on page 597. (focus on the publication dates of literature)
The Enlightenment and Absolutism – Pages 615-623
32. Analyze and discuss ideals the so-called “Enlightened despots” of Eastern Europe and discuss what goals
these monarchs pursued (for example, humane reforms, cultural prestige, or state and military power).
33. Identify: Frederick II, and his major accomplishments. (4)
34. List the enlightened policies of Fredrick II of Prussia. (4)
35. Identify: Moses Mendelssohn
36. Describe Catherine the Great of Russia’s rise to power in 1762.
37. Know which counties participated in the partition of Poland in the 18 th century.
38. What did Empress Maria Theresa do to help improve the lives of the peasants?
39. What was the outcome of Joseph II abolishing of serfdom in the Austrian Empire in 1781. What about the
outcome of his changing of all labor obligations to cash payments? What does this outcome tell us about
the relationship between King and the Nobles?
40. Identify: Parliament of Paris. What power did they have over the king? How will this contribute to tax
difficulties in the future?
41. Understand the financial difficulties of Absolutist France. What did the finance minister of Louis XV
impose on all class members to pay for the War of Austrian Succession? Was this successful?
42. Know what factors that played a role in the erosion of French absolutism. (4)
CHAPTER 21: THE REVOLUTION IN POLITICS, 1775-1815
Instructional Objectives
After reading and studying this chapter, student should be able to answer the following questions completely:
Liberty and Equality – pages 691-693
1.
A motto of the French Revolution was “equality, liberty and fraternity.” Explain what eighteenth century
liberals meant by the words “liberty” and “equality.”
2.
Describe that the commitment to “equality” was to equality under the law, not to economic equality.
The American Revolution Era, 1775-1989 – pages 693-697
3.
How had North American society become more distinct from Europe? (4)
4.
Identify: The Stamp Act of 1765
5.
Which nation helped support the North American colonies against Britain?
6.
Identify: Anti-Federalists
7.
What influence did the American Revolution have on the French Revolution? (4)
The French Revolution, 1789-1791 - Pages 697-704
8.
Know the annual budget of 1780’s France by percentage. (Must add up to 100%)
9.
Identify: The 1787 Assembly of Notables and d its direct outcome.
10. Identify: The Third Estate
11. According to revisionist historians, what similarities did the nobles and the third estate bourgeoisie share?
(4)
12. Discuss the role of Louis in the French Revolution. What were some of Louis XVI’s most serious
mistakes? Had Louis been a more able ruler could the revolution have been avoided? Might a constitutional
monarchy have succeeded? Or did the revolution ultimately have little to do with the competence of the
monarch?
13. Identify: “What is the Third Estate?”
14. Which type of men represented the Third Estate at the meeting of the Estates General?
15. List the grievances petitions from all three estates. (4)
16. Identify: The Tennis Court Oath
17. How was the Estates General transformed into the National Assembly? How does the Declaration of the
Rights of Man and Citizen reflect the social and political values of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment?
18. What laws did the National Assembly pass in favor of women from 1789-1791?
19. List the accomplishments of the National Assembly. (4)
20. What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen guarantee? (4)
21. Identify: The Great Fear
22. According to the text, what drove the National Assembly to more radical action in the summer of 1789?
23. Describe the key role played by common women in the early years of the Revolution.
24. Distinguish between the causes of the American and French revolutions.
World War and Republican France, 1791-1799 – pages 704-712
25. Why were some political factions dissatisfied with the constitutional settlement of 1791? What was the
revolution of 1792 and why did it occur? Who were the sans-culottes and how did they become a factor in
the politics of the period? How influential were they during the Terror?
26. Identify: Olympe de Gouges
27. Discuss the impact of the French Revolution on the status of women. What was Mary Wollstonecraft’s
view of equality?
28. Identify : The September Massacres
29. Describe why the political struggle between the Girondins and the Mountain began.
30. Why were the French victorious after the winter of 1793-1794?
31. Who issued the Declaration of Pillnitz issued? Why was it issued?
32. Identify: Maximilian Robespierre
33. Identify: Committee of Public Safety
34. Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by earlier revolutionary governments?
35. Identify: The Reign of Terror.
36. Explain the effects of the French Revolution on the common people of France and of areas of Europe
incorporated into the French Empire.
The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815 – pages 712-720
37. Know the order of Napoleonic events found on the timeline (page 693).
38. Detail Napoleon’s taking of power in 1799.
39. How did Napoleon rise to power? What groups supported him? What were his major domestic
achievements? Did his rule more nearly fulfill or betray the ideals of the French Revolution?
40. Identify: The Concordat, 1801
41. Identify: The Treaty of Amiens, 1802
42. Identify: The Battle of Austerlitz, 1805
43. What regions made up Napoleon’s realm? Describe how Napoleon ruled his empire.
44. Identify: The Continental System
45. Detail the 1808 Spanish revolt against the Grand Empire of France.
46. Identify: Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia, 1812
47. Which nations joined in the Third Coalition against France?
CHAPTER 19: THE EXPANSION OF EUROPE IN THE EIGHTEENTH
CENTURY
Instructional Objectives
After reading and studying this chapter, completely answer the following questions:
Agriculture and the Land – pgs. 630-636.
1.
What percentage of Europeans was involved with agriculture at the end of the 17th century?
2.
What means or innovations contributed to an increase in agricultural production in the 17th and 18th
centuries? (4)
3.
What increased the supply of fertilizers during the agricultural revolution?
4.
Discuss agricultural improvements in the Netherlands and England in the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, and define “protoindustrialization.” Which of these two nations was the first to manifest an
agricultural revolution?
5.
How did Jethro Tull successfully use ‘empirical research’ to increase food production?
6.
Describe how mid-17th century “Crop Rotation” worked.
The Beginning of the Population Explosion – pgs. 636-639
7.
Describe the European population patterns before 1700.
8.
Outline the causes of the dramatic population increase in Europe during the eighteenth century.
9.
Which three European nations (in order) held the highest amount of population as of 1800?
The Growth of Cottage Industry – pgs. 639-634
10. Explain how the “putting out” system of manufacturing worked in the European countryside.
11. Explain the concept of “Holy Monday.”
12. List the ‘shortcoming’s’ of the putting out system according to capitalists. (4)
Building the Atlantic Economy – pgs. 643-656
13. Describe the Navigation Acts. Which nation did these acts target?
14. Explain how European nations developed world trade during the eighteenth century and how the mercantile
policies of the English (later British) governments brought England great wealth and world empire.
15. With whom did the British have the largest increase in foreign trade by the 1770’s?
16. What were the fundamental ideas associated with mercantile theory? Did they world? Which European
country was most successful in establishing a mercantile empire?
17. What were the main points of conflict between Britain and France in North America, West Indies and
Africa? What was the decisive round of the colonial conflict between England and France known as?
18. What mix makes up a Mestizo?
19. Identify: Olaudah Equiano
20. After what year did a broad based campaign to abolish slavery began in Britain?
21. Identify: Adam Smith
22. According to Adam Smith, what should government limit itself to what four jobs?
23. Compare the arguments of the mercantilists with those of Adam Smith in his book, The Wealth of Nations.
24. Discuss the consequences of European expansion for the common people.
25. Read Individuals and Society (p. 617) and Listening to the Past (p. 626 – 627) answer ALL the questions
for analysis at the end of each section. Completely define the Key Terms on page 624.
CHAPTER 20: THE CHANGING LIFE OF THE PEOPLE
After reading and studying this chapter, students should be able to:
Marriage and the Family – pgs. 662-666
1.
Describe the common marriage of 17th and early 18th century couple. Why the delay in marriage?
2.
What changes occurred in marriage and the family in the course of the eighteenth century?
3.
Girls who sought work outside of the home often found what type of job? What danger threatened young
girls in this field of work?
4.
Describe: Premarital Sex before 1750.
5.
According to the author, what was the underlining cause of the illegitimacy explosion of 1750-1850?
Children and Education – pgs. 666-671
6.
Describe the common jobs of a midwife.
7.
Identify: Foundling Homes. What amount of abandoned children was being admitted to foundling homes as
of the end of 18th century?
8.
What was the life like for children in pre-industrial Europe and how did it evolve?
9.
According to the text, what was one explanation for the abusive treatment of young factory working
children?
10. Describe: Almanacs
Food and Medical Practice – pgs. 672-680
11. Describe the common diet of wealthy, middle and peasant classes. Also describe the problems associated
with such diets.
12. Define: Scurvy
13. What ‘American’ food helped supplement European peasant’s grains?
14. List the changes in the food consumption habits of Europeans in the 18 th century. (4)
15. Where did surgeons gain anatomical knowledge and practical experience?
16. Define: Lunatic
17. According to the text, what is the greatest achievement of 18 th –century medical science?
Religion and Popular Culture – pgs. 680-685
18. Discuss the popular religious practices in Catholic and Protestant Europe. What were the patterns of
popular religion and culture? How did these patterns come into contact—and conflict—with the critical
world view of the educated public and thereby widen the cultural divided between rich and poor in the era
of the Enlightenment?
19. What does the dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 tell us about the relation between church and state at
the time?
20. List the aspects of Protestant revival in Germany. (4)
CHAPTER 22: THE REVOLUTION IN ENERGY AND INDUSTRY
Instructional Objectives
After reading and studying this chapter, completely answer the following questions:
The Industrial Revolution in Britain – pgs. 726-735
1.
Study the timeline found on page 727.
2.
What main textile did early British factories work with?
3.
Why were family units often hired in early factories?
4.
List the consequences of revolutionary changes in the textile industry. (4)
5.
List the causes that facilitated the Industrial revolution in Britain. (4)
6.
Discuss the factors that led to the revolution in energy and industry. What caused the Industrial Revolution
of the18th century? What are some of the technological innovations and why were they important?
Describe the key role of James Watt’s steam engine in breaking the power “ceiling” in England and
continental Europe. What change was made on the steam engine by Watts?
7.
What were the first steam engines used for?
8.
By the 1830’s, how fast did trains travel? Which two cities were connected by train in 1830?
9.
Identify: Richard Arkwright
10. Describe Britain’s problem with energy sources.
11. Identify: Thomas Malthus (and his arguments)
12. Identify: David Ricardo (and his arguments)
13. Why were orphaned children first used in early factories?
14. Explain the effects of the Industrial Revolution on people’s lives-in particular the effects on the diet, living
standards, and work environment of workers in Britain. Describe city life during the 18 th century. What
changes had taken place in the distribution of population in cities and towns?
Industrialization in Continental Europe – pgs. 735-740
15. According to the table “Per Capita Levels of Industrialization” which three nations were behind Britain in
the first half of the 19th century?
16. Identify: John Cockerill
17. Identify: Friedrich List
Capital and Labor – pgs. 740-750
18. In The Condition of Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels blames the middle class of what?
19. Identify: The Factory Act of 1833
20. In what ways did the industrial economy change the working-class family? What roles and duties did the
various family members assume?
21. Discuss how the Industrial Revolution reinforced the idea of woman’s “separate sphere”- the household
and child care. Where does the origin of the sexual division of labor revolve around?
22. Explain: Saint Monday
23. Identify: The Mines Act of 1842
24. Identify the Amalgamated Society of Engineers
25. What was the chief demand of the Charist Movement?
26. Analyze the positive and negative outcomes of the Industrial Revolution.
27. Read Individuals and Society (p.743) and Listening to the Past (p.752-753) answer ALL the questions for
analysis at the end of each section. Completely define the Key Terms on Page 750.