Download Chapter 6 Study Guide

Name:_________________________________________
Date:________________________Period:____________
8th
Chapter 6 Study Guide
grade Social Studies – P7H – Fisher
Terms and People to identify:
Benedict Arnold: Known Battle of Bunker Hill:
as a traitor for making plans First major battle of the
to surrender Fort West Point, American Revolution,
and a hero for winning the
which was a British
Battle of Saratoga
victory, but showed
Americans could fight
bravely, they lacked
supplied, the British
would not be easy to
defeat; British lost more
causalities than the
Americans
Olive Branch Petition:
Second Continental
Peace petition sent to
Congress: Served as the
King George by colonial
governing body during the
delegates after the battles American Revolution
of Lexington and
Concord, declaring their
loyalty to the king and
asking him to repeal the
Intolerable Acts; King
George III responded very
angrily by declaring the
colonies in rebellion to
Parliament.
Benjamin Franklin:
John Dickinson:
Delegate from
Pennsylvania delegate at
Pennsylvania at the
the Continental Congress
Continental Congress who who refused to sign the
went to France to
Declaration of
negotiate their aid during
Independence
Thomas Paine: Wrote
Common Sense, which
was the document that
inspired the Colonists to
declare their
independence from
Britain.
Richard Henry Lee:
Wrote the resolution in
the Continental Congress
that said the colonies “are
and of right ought to be,
free and independent
states.”
Marquis de Lafayette:
Frenchman who was a
valuable ally of the
Americans that helped
train the American forces
and served as a military
commander at the Battle
of Yorktown.
John Hancock:
President of the
Continental Congress and
the first signers of the
Declaration of
Independence
Thomas Jefferson:
Delegate from Virginia at
the Continental Congress
who was on the
Committee of Five; He
wrote the Declaration of
Independence; Served as
Governor of Virginia
during the American
Revolution and was
forced to flee Richmond
when Benedict Arnold
attacks it
Battle of Saratoga:
American Commanders
Benedict Arnold and
Horatio Gates defeated
John Burgoyne who had
to surrender his entire
George Washington:
Commander of the
Continental Army
Common Sense:
Published in 1776 by
Thomas Paine that urged
the colonies to declare
independence.
Battle of Trenton:
George Washington and
Americans surprise
attacked the Hessians and
Colonel Rahl on
December 26, 1776 by
Name:_________________________________________
Date:________________________Period:____________
the American Revolution
Battle of Long Island:
Americans under George
Washington were severely
outnumbered and defeated
by William Howe and the
British. Washington had
to retreat into New Jersey
and then crossed the
Delaware River in
Pennsylvania. The battle
was the largest land and
amphibious invasion on
North American soil.
Green Mountain Boys:
Vermont colonial militia
led by Ethan Allen,
which made a surprise
attack on Fort
Ticonderoga, giving
Americans control of the
key route to Canada
Battle of Princeton:
Washington and the
American forces tricked
Lord Cornwallis and the
British forces by leaving
their fires burning on
January 2, 1777 after the
Battle of Trenton, and
then attacked British
forces under Mawhood at
Princeton and were
successful. The battle
boosted the morale of the
American forces during
the Darkest Days of the
war.
Dorchester Heights:
Location of where
Washington ordered the
placement of cannons
during the night to regain
Boston from the British
because this position
controlled the Boston
Harbor
George Rogers Clark:
American commander
who lead the war on the
frontier who wanted to
expand the territory of
Virginia, attack British
forts, and stop Indian
attacks along the frontier.
He captured Fort
Vincennes from the
British Commander
Hamilton.
Mercenaries: Soldier
who fights merely for pay,
often for a foreign
country; ex. Hessians
army; Known as the
turning point of the war
because it convinced the
French to aid the
Americans with supplies,
military forces, and naval
support in the war
Battle of Vincennes:
George Rogers Clark
captured this British fort
from Hamilton.
crossing the icy Delaware
River during the night and
then attacking Trenton.
The victory for Americans
raised morale of the men
and the Continental
Congress.
Ethan Allen: Leader of
the Green Mountain Boys
who aided in capturing a
major route to Canada and
cannons from Fort
Ticonderoga.
Blockade: British
shutting of a port to keep
people or supplies from
moving in or out of the
colonies
Olive Branch Petition:
See above
Name:_________________________________________
Date:________________________Period:____________
Declaration of
Valley Forge:
Bernardo de Galvez:
Independence: A 1776
Pennsylvania site of
The Spanish Governor of
document stating than the Washington’s Continental Louisiana who gave
13 English colonies were
Army encampment during supplies from the Spanish
a free and independent
the winter of 1777-1778;
to the Americans and won
nation; stated that
The soldiers faced lack of British forts along the
everyone has natural
food, lack of supplies,
Gulf of Mexico
rights such as life, liberty, frostbite, and other
and the pursuit of
horrible conditions. The
happiness that a
soldiers were trained by
government must provide European commanders
its people
such Frederick von
Steuben.
Treaty of Paris: Peace
Battle of Cowpens: a
Battle of Yorktown:
treaty between Britain and 1781 battle where
Final battle of the
America that was ratified Americans under General Revolution; this 1781
in 1783 recognizing
Daniel Morgan defeated
American victory resulted
America as an
the British by fooling
by George Washington
independent nation;
them into thinking they
trapping Cornwallis on
America gained additional retreated and then turned
the Yorktown Peninsula
territory under the terms
and fired on the British
by land and Comte de
of the treaty such as the
under Lord Charles
Grasse trapping
boundaries of America
Cornwallis.
Cornwallis from escaping
extended from the
by sea after the French
Atlantic Ocean to the
fleet battled them in the
Mississippi River and
Chesapeake. Cornwallis
from the Great Lakes to
was forced to surrender by
Florida.; Florida was
being bombardment by
returned to Spain.;
Washington’s cannons.
Americans agreed to pay
Loyalists for the property
they had lost.
Francis Marion: Led
Nathan Hale: An
Fort Ticonderoga:
partisan forces in South
British fort that was
American who was
Carolina called the
captured in 1775 from the captured for spying and
John Paul Jones:
American Captain of the
Bonhomme Richard who
captured the British ship,
the Serapis in the Atlantic
Ocean.
Mary Ludwig Hays:
Woman nicknamed Molly
Pitcher who took over her
husband’s cannon at the
Battle of Monmouth
Battle of Guilford
Courthouse: A very
bloody battle where
Americans under
Nathaniel Greene
retreated, but the British
under Lord Cornwallis
suffered great losses
because he opened cannon
fire on his own men.
Nathaniel Greene: Led
the American forces in the
War in the South; In
charge of supplies as the
quartermaster at Valley
Forge; One of the
Generals that fought the
duration of the war with
Washington
William Prescott:
American Commander at
the Battle of Bunker Hill
John Burgoyne: British
Commander who was
defeated at the Battle of
Name:_________________________________________
Date:________________________Period:____________
Phantom Army because
British under John
hung by the British. He is
they attacked the British
Burgoyne by Americans
famous for saying “I wish
with guerilla tactics; He
Ethan Allen, Benedict
I only hath but one life to
was nicknamed the
Arnold, and the Green
lose for my country.”
Swamp Fox
Mountain Boys for its
access to a route to
Canada and for the
cannons; The fort was
recaptured in 1777 by the
British under the
command of John
Burgoyne on his way to
Saratoga.
Saul Matthews: An
William Howe:
Horatio Gates:
African American from
Commander of the British Commander of the
Virginia who was a spy
forces during the Battle of American forces that
during the American
Boston and defeated
defeated the British at
Revolution.
Washington at the Battle
Saratoga; Played a role in
of Long Island. He also
the Conway Cabal that
was the British
was an alleged plot to
Commander who
overthrow Washington as
occupied Philadelphia
the Commander of the
during the winter of 1777- Continental Army;
1778. In order to occupy Commander at the Battle
Philadelphia, he defeated
of Camedon in the South
Washington at the Battle
where he was defeated
of Brandywine and
and ran away never to
Germantown.
fight another battle.
Battle of Lexington and
Concord: First shots of
Lord Charles
Cornwallis: British
commander who played a
role in several battles in
the middle states, such as
Princeton. He then was
sent to command the war
in the South where he
fought against Nathaniel
Greene and Daniel
Morgan in several
southern battles. He tried
to invade Virginia and
then was trapped at
Yorktown by Washington
and the French fleet of
Comte de Grasse where
he had to surrender ending
the fighting in the
Revolution.
Guerilla warfare: The
Battle of Camedon: City Daniel Morgan:
use of hit-and-run military in South Carolina that was American commander
Saratoga by Americans
Benedict Arnold and
Horatio Gates. He was
forced to surrender his
entire army.
Battle of King’s
Mountain: An American
Patriot victory by them
taking a mountain from a
Loyalist force led by
Major Patrick Ferguson
which showed the British
could be defeated in the
South.
Patriots: American
colonists who favored war
Name:_________________________________________
Date:________________________Period:____________
the American Revolution tactics that were used by
seized by the British from
Americans during the
the Americans who were
Revolution, such as
under the command of
Francis Marion.
Horatio Gate who ran
from the battle never to
fight another battle
Loyalists: American
colonist who remained
loyal to Britain
Natural rights: Rights
that belong to all people
from birth; Stated in the
Declaration of
Independence
Ratify: Continental
Congress and Britain
approved the Treaty of
Paris in 1783 ending the
American Revolution and
Britain recognized the
independence of America
who used the strategy of
dividing his army up into
two lines at the Battle of
Cowpens and making the
British think his first line
was retreating. He then
ordered the opening of
fire on the British by his
second line. This worked
in defeating the British.
King George III:
Monarch of England
during the American
revolution
against Britain.
James Armistead:
African American spy
who fed Lord Cornwallis
false information; He saw
Marquis de Lafayette as a
hero and later took his
name after the war.
Questions to Answer:
1. What are the three parts of the Declaration of Independence?
- Preamble – or the introduction of the formal document that explains that the declaration will tell why the colonies want to break from
Great Britain.
- First part—Natural rights - Rights that belong to all people from birth, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Governments exist to protect people’s natural rights.
- Second part—British wrongs or Grievances
- Third part—Declaration of Independence - The colonies are now a free and independent nation—the United States of America.
2. Who was more successful at gaining support from the Native Americans? Why? – The British because the Native American
feared the Americans would take their land if they won the war.
3. Why did many African Americans side with the British during the American Revolution? – The British promised them their
freedom if they fought for the British side in the war.
4. What were three characteristics of life for civilians during the American Revolution? – See list that was made in class. Answers
will vary.
Name:_________________________________________
Date:________________________Period:____________
5. What were three contributions for women during the American Revolution? - See list that was made in class. Answers will vary.
6. What were three contributions of African Americans during the American Revolution? - See list that was made in class.
Answers will vary.
7. What were two advantages and two disadvantages of the American and British forces? – Answers will vary.
8. What three European nations allied the Americans during the American Revolution? – France, Spain, Netherlands
9. Why did the British attack the Middle colonies during the American Revolution? – They wanted to cut communication and
supplies between the North and the South in the colonies during the war.
10. Why did Sir Henry Clinton focus on the South in battle strategies? – The British economy is suffering so they need to win the
war. They were unsuccessful at their goal of cutting communication between the north and south in their attacks of the middle states.
So, Clinton focuses on moving the war to the south because there are more loyalists there who will join the British to fight.
11. What are three reasons why the Americans won the American Revolution? –
Geography Americans were fighting at home on familiar ground. The British were far from home in unknown territory.
Foreign
Help
Patriotism
Leaders
Spanish and French forces fought with the Americans. France, the Netherlands, and Spain loaned money. German and
Polish officers provided training.
Patriots gained skill as soldiers. They didn’t give up.
George Washington’s leadership and military skills were so good that he was respected by Americans and British alike
12. Why was the American Revolution important? – The United States were the first country to establish a democracy that has existed
without turmoil for over 200 years. The United States fought for their natural rights that they are entitled to and a government must
provide them. The ragtag army of the American defeated the most powerful nation in the world of Britain.